Merrill HoltDirectorParallel Server Product ManagementOracle Corporation

Oracle Parallel Server Cache Fusion Delivers ScalabilityOracle9i

Oracle9i Parallel Server

Oracle9i Parallel Server is designed for today’s most demanding deployments

– Server consolidation means very large user populations

– Critical e-business requires full time service

– Rapid growth shortens capacity planning

Oracle9i Parallel Server

Major changes in Oracle9i– Scalability with full Cache Fusion

architecture– Improved availability– Improved manageability

Oracle Parallel Server Architecture

ClusteredDatabase Servers

Mirrored Disk Subsystem

High Speed Switch or Interconnect

Hub or Switch Fabric

NetworkCentralized Management Console

Storage Area Network

Low Latency InterconnectVIA or Proprietary

Drive and Exploit Industry Advances in Clustering

Users

No SinglePoint Of Failure

Oracle Parallel Server

Database Challenges: Scalability

Scale to Millions of Users– Transparently– All types of

applications

Scale workloads without limits

Grow storage easily

Scale to Millions of Users– Transparently– All types of

applications

Scale workloads without limits

Grow storage easily

Scalability Overview

Transparent application scalability Enhanced IPC (Inter-Process

Communication) Simplification of lock configuration Tuning flexibility Tuning automation

Out-of-the-Box Transparent Application Scalability In the past clustered databases scaled

well for specific types of applications– Data Warehouse– Parallel-enabled OLTP

Oracle Parallel Server with Cache Fusion is a breakthrough in parallel database technology delivering transparent scalability to all types of applications

Cache Fusion Architecture Full Cache Fusion

– Cache-to-cache data shipping

– Shared cache eliminates slow I/O

– Enhanced IPC

Allows Flexibleand Transparent Deployment

Users

Shared CacheShared Cache

Cache FusionCache Fusion

Full Cache Fusion

DatabaseDatabase

Node A

Database buffers

Node B

Database buffers

RequestRequestData TransferData Transfer

Oracle9i Cache Fusion increases performance and scalability by reducing communication latency

– Data is shipped directly over high speed interconnect

– Minimize disk I/O

Cache Fusion ManagesInter Instance Requests Readers and writers

accessing instance A gain access to blocks in instance B’s buffer cache

Four types of block contention

Coordination by Distributed Lock Manager

ReadReadReadRead

RequestRequest for Block for BlockCache ACache A

RequestRequest for Block for BlockCache ACache A

ReadReadReadReadWriteWriteWriteWrite

WriteWriteWriteWrite

Lock StatusLock StatusBlock inBlock inCache BCache B

ReadReadReadRead

ReadReadReadReadWriteWriteWriteWriteWriteWriteWriteWrite

Transparent Scaling

Scalable Instance Coordination– Multiple LMDs (Lock Manager Daemon)– Intelligent message batching– Enhanced flow control and buffer handling– Faster, concurrent cross instance calls

using IPC instead of multiple DLM operations

– Enhanced asynchronous IPC

Distributed Lock Manager

LMDLMD

LMONLMON

LCKLCK

DLMDLM

LockDatabase

Shared Pool

SGAInter-instance lock processing

Processes in a Parallel Server Instance

Fulfills lock manager service for PCM locks Handles CacheFusion Processing

Provides Cluster Monitoring

HandlesNon-PCMLocks

LMON

LMD

LCK

Other Processes- PMON- SM ON- DBWR- LGWR- CKPT

Foreground Processes (Oracle Shadow Processes)

Enhanced IPC

Global IPC service layer– Each requesting server process handles

asynch IPC– Efficient I/O implementation

Remote memory operations for direct DMA

– Exploit modern low latency interfaces

New V$ tables for IPC statistics

Lock Simplification and Automation Automatic DLM configuration

– Automatic derivation of DLM configuration– No INIT.ORA lock parameters required– Improved lock efficiency and memory

management

Dynamic lock affinity– DLM locks dynamically remastered reducing

locking overhead– Cache layer determines policy for

remastering

Tuning Flexibility

Improved insert concurrency Flexibility in free-list group

mangement– Add free-list groups to existing

database objects– Altering free-list groups of existing

database objects

Database Challenges:Availability

Oracle Parallel Server

Be available all the time– design for fault tolerance– provide fast and

reliable fault recovery– eliminate maintenance

downtime Support mission-critical

business operations

Be available all the time– design for fault tolerance– provide fast and

reliable fault recovery– eliminate maintenance

downtime Support mission-critical

business operations

No Single Point of Failure

Parallel Server– Exploits clusters for very high availability– Overcomes the limitations of traditional

failover solutions by providing: Concurrent processing Load Balancing Fast time to recovery

No single point of failure– Network, Storage– CPU, OS

NEW in Oracle9i: Availability Features Reduced time to recovery

– Concurrent lock reconfiguration and instance (cache) recovery Lock replay only for dead masters/locks Deferred/lazy lock remastering Batching of reconfiguration messages Parallel replay processing by multiple LMDs Optimal lock invalidation Optimized special reconfiguration case (e.g. 2->1)

Fast/reliable detection of node/network failure

Database Challenges:Manageability

Oracle Parallel Server

Create one virtual system to configure and manage

Single system image for the database integrated with the cluster

Create one virtual system to configure and manage

Single system image for the database integrated with the cluster

Oracle Parallel Server Manageability Single system Image

– Single Oracle Database – One virtual system to configure and

manage– Single management console

Cluster-wide Monitoring & Diagnostics

NEW in Oracle9i: Parallel Server Manageability Features Improved Single System Image Exploit cluster file systems Improved tools infrastructure for

management– Oracle Universal Installer (OUI)– Enterprise Manager (EM)– Database Configuration Assistant (DBCA)– Net8 Assistant (Net8CA)– Recovery Manager (RMAN)

First pass diagnostics

Improved Configuration

Centralized, persistent configuration storage

– Eliminates consistency problems with the per node text file based Parallel Server configuration in prior versions.

– Utilities to migrate previous Parallel Server configurations

Enhanced DBCA & Net8CA functionality– Robustness– Capability to add and delete instances

Improved Administration

Dynamic node addition to cluster – Add a node in both the system and Parallel

Server

Better integration with Oracle Enterprise Manager

– View and update server side initialization parameter file (SPFILE)

– Assign private rollback segments to Parallel Server instances

Improved Administration

Better integration with OEM (Contd.)– Enhanced monitoring capability and events

available with OEM and performance packs Cache Fusion statistics Statistics for interconnect block traffic Statistics for the entire database or per

instance New EM events associated with new

statistics

Improved Diagnosibility

Server side capability– First pass analysis on problems

Reduces the turnaround time to resolve bugs

Enables analysis of intermittent, hard to reproduce problems

– Reduces need for diagnostic patches

Microsoft Windows Platform Integration Integration with Microsoft Cluster Server Cluster Pre-install Tool

– Disk diagnostics– Extensive consistency checks across nodes

Multi-Instance Capability– Enable multiple instances on a single node

Multi-Database Capability– Support multiple databases on the same

cluster

Oracle9i Delivers Performance and Scalability In today’s rapidly changing environment:

– Internet users and transaction volumes grow extremely rapidly

– Data warehouse systems must support very large data volumes

– Server consolidation drives the need for large scale systems

Oracle9i provides the ability to deploy as you grow

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