Jerusalem as a Component of Israels National Strength

8/7/2019 Jerusalem as a Component of Israels National Strength

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/jerusalem-as-a-component-of-israels-national-strength 1/30

The Jerusalem Institutefor Israel Studies

Jerusalem as aComponent of Israel'sNational Strength

Indicators of the State of the Capitaland a View to the Future

Position Paper

Israel KimhiMaya ChoshenYair Assaf-Shapira

ל א ר ש ר י ק ח ם ל י ל ש ו ר ן י ו כ מ ת ל ו ר ו מ ת ש ו י ו כ ז ל ה כ






The Jerusalem Institute for Israel StudiesEstablished by the Charles H . Revson Foundation

Jerusalem as a Component of Israel's

National StrengthIndicators of the State of the Capital, and a View to

the Future

— Position Paper —

Israel K i m h i , M a y a Choshen and Ya i r Assaf-Shapira

2006




The JUS Research Series N o . 108

Jerusalem as a Component of Israel's National StrengthIndicators of the State of the Capital, and a View to the Future

Submitted to the Sixth H e r z l i y a Conference, 2006

Steering Committee:Ora Ahimeir, Prof. Yaacov Bar-Siman-Tov , Dani Halperin,

Amnon L o r c h , A d v. , A mb. Reuven Merhav, Dr. K o b i M i c h a e l ,

U d i Prawer, Yehudit S h a l v i , Dr. Emmanuel Sharon, N i s s i m Solomon,

Amnon Ramon —

The opinions expressed in this document are solely those of the authors.

This Position Paper was made possible by funds granted by

the Jacob and H i l d a Blaustein Foundation, the Frankel Foundation,

the Jerusalem Foundation and the Charles H . Revson Foundation.

© 2006, The Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies

The Hay Elyachar House

20 Radak St. 92186 Jerusalem, Israel

http://www.jiis.org.il

E - m a i l : [email protected]


http://www.jiis.org.il/

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]




Contents

Introduction 5

Jerusalem as a Component of Israel's National Security

Indicators of the State of the Capital, and a Vi e w to the Future

Israel K i m h i ,M a y a Choshen and Ya i r Assaf-Shapira 7

The negative processes occurring in Jerusalem, and the indicators

used to assess them 8

A . Demographic indicators 8

B . Economic indicators 8

C . Socio-economic indicators 10

D . The personal security indicator 10

E . Image and awareness indicators 12

Neglect and vision 13

What can be done and what basic conditions are required in order

to generate the necessary transformation in Jerusalem? 15

List of sources 26







Introduction

T h e Herz l iya Conference which has in recent years become a major venue for theclarification of issues regarding Israel's resilience and security, examined i n 2006

f o r the first time the basic assumption that a connection exists between Jerusalem's

resilience as a national capital and as a central city for the Jewish people, and the

resilience of the State of Israel. The state of the capital and the processes that are

taking place within it have reached the forefront of the public agenda for the

following reasons:

•There is a growing recognition within the general public that currentdemographic trends in Jerusalem are liable to have a negative effect, in the

foreseeable future, on maintaining a so l id Jewish majority in the city.

According to population forecasts, i f the existing demographic trends continue

Jerusalem may, in about 25 years' time, lose the Jewish majority which has

characterized it since the second half of the 19 th century. A change of this

nature may have far-reaching geopolitical implications for Israel.

• The negative immigration balance that has characterized Jerusalem since the

early 1980s harms the city's image and does not positively contribute to its

social status.

• Jerusalem's economy is in a state of decay. According to the socio-economic

indicators used by Israel's Central Bureau of Statistics to rank the country's

local authorities, Jerusalem's status has deteriorated rapidly over the last

decade. Decisions and courses of action capable of helping the city emerge

from its current crisis are, therefore, urgently needed. Jerusalem is in a

particularly difficult state with regard to the issue of poverty, and is ranked as

the poorest of the nation's large cities.

T h e Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies (JUS), which leads and monitors policy

studies on the city's development, was asked to propose a set o f objective measures

that could be used to assess Jerusalem's status on a periodic basis. Most of the

measures proposed in this report are based on data collected by the Institute for

the annually-published S t a t i s t i c a l Y e a r b o o kof J e r u s a l e m .But quantitative data

5




are not enough. In order to complete the picture, the JUS conducted a national

survey among a representative sample of Israel's Jewish population, aimed at

delineating the imagethat

the general Israeli public has of Jerusalem on a variety

of issues, and its opinions regarding the city's future. The Institute intends to

repeat the survey periodically, in order to monitor changes in public opinion and

in Israeli positions regarding Jerusalem.




Jerusalem as a Component of Israel'sNational Strength

Indicators of the State of the Capital, and a Viewto the Future

Israel Kimhi, Maya Choshen and Yair Assaf-Shapira

The State of Israel's national resilience is linked to the resilience of its capital city,

Jerusalem. Most of the Jewish population in Israel believes that a strong Jewish

majority in Jerusalem contributes to Israel's national resilience. 1 Israel's capital is

also perceived as an important national and religious symbol for Jews around the

world, as testified by 93 percent of the survey interviewees.

However, in contrast to the public's sentiments regarding Jerusalem, recent

years have witnessed the intensification of processes which threaten to impair the

city's resilience, and there is real reason to fear for Jerusalem's ability to weatherthe difficulties facing it.

The Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies has been monitoring the state of the

city, and the processes that have accompanied its development, for many years.

The Institute proposes that efforts to investigate changes in Jerusalem's status

over time be institutionalized, and that processes taking place in the city continue

to be monitored.

The Institute applauds the fact that the Herz l iya Conference has, for the firsttime, placed the issue of Jerusalem at the forefront of the public agenda, l ink ing

the city's status to that of Israel's national resilience.

1

77 percent of the adult Jewish population in Israel expressed this opinion in a surveyconducted for the Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies in early January 2006, among arepresentative sample of the Israeli adult population. The survey was conducted on behalf

of the Institute by the Tatzpit Institute, headed by D r. Aharon Fein. The survey results areprovided below.

7




However, raising the issue for public deliberation is not enough. Decisions

and real actions are needed to alter the current state of affairs. The Institute calls

upon the Israeli government to make Jerusalem its highest national priority and to

extend to the city the resources that it needs to cope with the difficult issues facing

it .

The negative processes occurring in Jerusalem, and the

indicators to assess them

A . D e m o g r a p h i c i n d i c a t o r s

1. The population indicator: Jerusalem's Jewish majority has been in a state

of erosion for many years. After the city's unification in 1967 the Jewish

majority stood at 75 percent. Since then it has been gradually declining, to a

current level of only 66 percent. If this trend continues, the Jewish majority in

Jerusalem w i l l drop to 58 percent in 2020, and a decade later Israel's capital

city w i l l have lost its Jewish majority.

2. The immigration indicator: Jerusalem's negative immigration balance is

growing. Over the last twenty years the city has lost more than 100 thousand

Jewish residents; while about half of them have stayed within the Jerusalem

metropolitan area, the other half made its way to other parts of the country.

Most of those who left were young and educated people or established families,

who could have made a positive contribution to the city's future.

B y tracking the data in these two areas one can see the trends toward

demographic change.

B . E c o n o m i c i n d i c a t o r s

1. Participation in the labor force: Jerusalem's labor force participation rate

is low compared with the country as a whole. The main reasons for this are

8




twofold: a low labor force participation rate among men in the ultra-Orthodox

Jewish sector, and a low participation rate among women in the Arab sector.

2. Employment structure: The public services sector in Jerusalem is particularly

large (50 percent of all salaried workers). Salary levels for this group, as is

known, are low. On the other hand, the percentage of those employed in

more lucrative sectors, such as finance, industry and trade, is relatively low.

The city's employment structure has, of course, a direct influence on income

levels, quality of life and on residents' consumption possibilities.

3. Dependency ratio: The dependency ratio in Jerusalem is relatively high and

and small number of household heads bear responsibility for supporting many

people — primarily children. The dependency ratio serves as a useful economicindicator.

4. Per-capita income: Jerusalem residents' per-capita income is low compared

with that of residents of Israel's other large cities. The low income levels

affect purchasing power and the state of the city's commercial system. It also

has implications for the state of the local authority. The large number of poor

families leads to numerous property tax exemptions and results in the

placement of an excessive tax burden on a small segment of the city' spopulation. As a result, municipality income is low and the range of services

that Jerusalem is capable of providing to its residents is continually

diminishing. This unquestionably has an impact on quality of life in the city

and may wel l lead to increased negative immigration of the more affluent

sectors. To get a clear picture of the situation, all one has to do is to compare

Jerusalem's level of educational investment per pupil with that of other large

cities, or simply to walk around the city and have a look at the roads, the

children's playgrounds, etc.

The economic resilience indicators presented above refer to Jerusalem's entire

population, but in a heterogeneous city such as Jerusalem it is also important to

break the data down by major population group — secular/national religious, ultra-

Orthodox, and Arab. This is because each group's economic status differs

significantly from that of the others, which means that each group makes a different

contribution to the city's economic growth. This demographic breakdownw i l l

also have a decisive influence on Jerusalem's future economic status.

9




C . S o c i o - e c o n o m i c i n d i c a to r s

1. Poverty index: Jerusalem is the poorest of Israel's large cities. A third of the

families residing in the city in 2003 were below the poverty line. Over 53

percent of the city's children meet the criteria for classification as "poor."

The Arab population is much poorer than the Jewish population. 68 percento f Jerusalem's Arab population lives below the poverty line, including 77

percent of its children, compared with 29 percent of the Jewish population

and 38 percent of its children.

The city's demographic breakdown and the Municipality's difficulty in coping

with all of the demands placed on it intensify polarization between the city'sneighborhoods, particularly between the Arab and the Jewish neighborhoods.

2. Socio-economic status: Particularly worrisome is the rapid rate of

deterioration of the population's socio-economic status. According to CBS

statistics, Jerusalem's ranking on the Israeli loca l authorities socio-economic

indicator scale dropped from 130 i n 1995 to 93 in 2001, taking its place between

Hatzor Hagli l i t and A k k o . At the same time the other large cities in Israel

improved their status. Be'er-Sheva, for instance, rose from 66* place to 124th

place, and T e l Av i v rose from 154* place to 1 7 5 * place in the socio-economic

rankings.

D . T h e p e r s o n a l s e c u r it y in d i c a to r

1. Scope and impact of terrorist activity: Jerusalem is a preferred target for

Palestinian terrorist activity. The terror attacks impair the city's resilience.The number of attacks that have been carried out in Jerusalem since the

outbreak of the second intifada (September 2000) comes to about 635. In

these incidents 1,643 people were injured and 211 ki l led, amounting to about

20 percent of a l l those who perished in terrorist attacks during the five yearso f the intifada. As a result of these attacks, 16 percent of the survey

interviewees stated that it is dangerous to visit Jerusalem, and 27 percent said

that they would be afraid to l ive there.

2. Hotel bed nights in Jerusalem: Due to Jerusalem's cultural-religious

uniqueness, its status as Israel's capital, its wealth of cultural and historical




resources, and its archeological and holy sites, the city is a magnet for visitors

from elsewhere in Israel and from the entire world. Tourist activity in Israel

and in Jerusalem reached record highs in 2000, but the second intifada struck

a harsh blow to tourism, resulting in a significant decline in tourist and hotelbed night numbers. Since 2003 the tourism industry has been enjoying

something of a recovery, but the numbers are still low compared with those

recorded during the 1990s and 2000.

Tourist and Israeli Overnight-Stays in Jerusalem, 1980-2004

4 ,000

3,000

Tourists

Source: S t a t i s t i c a l Ye a r b o o ko f J e r u s a l e m ,Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies and the

Jerusalem Municipality.

Jerusalem is not a preferred destination for Israeli tourists, despite the fact that last

year 56 percent of the survey interviewees reported having visited the Old Ci ty

and the Western Wa l l .

The intifada's impact on the tourism industry was keenly felt throughout the

city, but hit Jerusalem's eastern section the hardest. Hotel revenue in the western

part of the city constitute about 90 percent of tourist hotel revenue in Jerusalem.

11




E . I m a g eand a w a r e n e s s i n d i c a t o r s

Residentsof Jerusalem

and thesurrounding

area

Residentsof Israel

Entirepopulation

Jerusalem is the Jewish people's world

center 9 2 . 9 % 9 2 .0 % 9 2 .2 %

Jerusalem is Israel's most beautiful city 82.4% 7 0 . 3 % 7 2 . 3 %

Jerusalem is turning into a city for theultra-Orthodox 62.4% 64.4% 6 4 . 3 %

Jerusalem is a poor city 5 4 . 3 % 4 1 . 1 % 43.4%

Jerusalem is a dirty city 4 7 .6 % 2 7 .0 % 3 0 .5 %

Jerusalem is a frightening place in which

to live 9.4% 2 6 .6 % 2 3 .6 %

Quality of life in Jerusalem is low 11 .9 % 1 9 .8 % 18.4%

Jerusalem has no recreational resources 4.8% 17.9% 15.5%

Jerusalem lacks cultural resources 6.0% 6 . 1% 6 .1 %

It is dangerous to visit Jerusalem 5.9% 1 4 .6 % 1 3 . 1 %

Source: A survey conducted o n behalf o f the Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies i n earlyJanuary 2006, among a representative sample of the adult Israeli population. The surveywas conducted by the Tatzpit Institute, headed by D r . Aharon Fein.

12




From among the above indicators it is recommended that special attention be paid

to changes in Jerusalem's image with regard to the fo l lowing: quality of life,

increased ultra-Orthodox presence, recreational possibilities, the city's poverty,

and the danger of l iv ing there.

Neglect and vision

Jerusalem's importance to the citizens of Israel is great, but it may be asked whether

this importance is actually reflected in national priorities. A great deal of l ip-

service is paid to the capital of Israel and of the Jewish people, but Jerusalemactually attracts most attention in the wake of terrorist attacks, or during election

campaigns in which the candidates all pledge their loyalty to the city.

We of the Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies fear for the city's future and

believe that the Israeli government has to do more to strengthen Jerusalem; talk

has to be translated into action and budgets. We therefore feel the need to sound

the alarm bel l on the city's social, economic and geopolitical status, and on the

gap that exists between the heavenly Jerusalem and the earthly, real-life city.

The State of Israel would do wel l to ensure that its capital city maintains a

clear Jewish majority, and to help it out of its present state of distress. The time

has come to make courageous decisions aimed at ensuring a brighter future for

this city which lies at the center of world attention. The Jerusalem Municipality

wi l l not be able to bear the burden alone and its resources are insufficient to initiate

the necessary changes. Only active intervention and real involvement on the part

of the Israeli government — in the form of actions, rather than words — w i l l be

capable of generating a transformation — and the sooner, the better.

Part of the solution may wel l lie in a change in the traditional political position

regarding the city's political future. Data presented in the following tables indicate

that most of the Israeli public is w i l l i n g to relinquish control over certain parts of

Jerusalem in order to preserve the city's clear Jewish majority and status as Israel's

capital:

13




Willingnessto make concessions

Religious Traditional Secular Totalpopulation

On the Jewish Quarter andthe Western Wall 2.1% 0.6% 6.3% 3.2%

On the Jewish Quarter 3.2% 1.7% 9.8% 5.4%

On Arab neighborhoods 32.0% 55.1% 62.9% 54.5%

Unwillingto make

concessions of any kind 62.7% 42.6% 21.0% 36.9%

100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

Assumptions regarding the possibility of achieving peace in return for

concessions

Belief in the possibilityof peace

Religious Traditional Secular Totalpopulation

Believe that peace can beachieved 9.5% 12.5% 30.7% 20.3%

D o not believe that peacecan be achieved 84.2% 84.7% 64.3% 75.7%

Hope that peace is possible 6.3% 2.8% 5.0% 4.0%

100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

W h i l e a clear majority of residents of Israel attach great importance to maintaininga Jewish majority in Jerusalem (97 percent believe that such a majority is important

or very important), the above table shows that, in return for real peace, a willingness

14




exists to make concessions capable of contributing to a possible peace agreement

and of ensuring a significant Jewish majority in the city. 55 percent of the adult

population is prepared to relinquish Arab neighborhoods in the eastern part of the

city in return for true peace. Three percent are even wil l ing to give up the Mountof Olives, the Jewish Quarter and the Western Wa l l ; five percent are prepared to

relinquish the Arab neighborhoods, the Jewish Quarter and the Mount of Olives,

but not the Western Wa l l . 37 percent of the entire sample would be unwilling to

make any concessions in Jerusalem. The religious sector shows greater

unwillingness to make concessions in Jerusalem, reaching a figure of about 63

percent.

While a relatively high percentage of the population may be identified asbeing prepared to make concessions within the framework of a peace treaty and

an end to the conflict, 76 percent do not believe that such an agreement with the

Palestinians is actually possible. Among the religious population, 84 percent do

not believe in the possibility of a peace agreement.

What can be done and what basic conditions are required inorder to generate the necessary transformation in Jerusalem?

A . Reconsideration of the city's borders: Jerusalem's anachronistic borders

should be redrawn. The city needs boundaries consonant with Israeli interests

in the region, boundaries that would take into account demographic processes

and the geographical spread of the various population groups that inhabit the

area. Based on the data presented in this document it appears that most of the

public would support changes in the existing borders.

B. Self-management: Due to Jerusalem's great complexity, an effort should be

made to decentralize authority within the city, based on a division into large

quarters which would have autonomy over as many areas of life as possible.

A municipal structure of this nature would help to improve residents' quality

of life and satisfaction levels, minimize the potential for conflict and create

an infrastructure for peaceful co-existence between the city's variouspopulation sectors in the future.

15




C . Governmental change: Jerusalem may wel l need a different governmental

structure. Thought should be given to this issue in Jerusalem metropolitan

area terms — the city and the Jewish localities that surround it. The Jerusalemmetropolitan area should be mobilized on behalf of the city and the city should

be mobilized on behalf of the Jerusalem metropolitan area. Appropriate

frameworks should be developed in order to ensure optimal distribution of

responsibility and resources.

D. Peace industries: Jerusalem's unique status should be employed in the

creation of a development laboratory for "peace industries," in which the

Jewish, Christian and M u s l i m worlds as wel l as the resident population wouldbe involved. In this context it should be recalled that Jerusalem is the only

place in which Palestinians and Israelis l ive in close proximity to each other.

E . Strategic plan: A plan should be drawn up which integrates political thinking

with an economic and social vis ion . The plan should define the geopolitical

red lines that no diplomatic arrangement would be authorized to cross, and it

should then be implemented jointly by all of the parties involved in the city's

development: the government, the Municipality, nearby localities, institutions

of higher education and research, c i v i l society organizations, community

representatives, representatives of world Jewry and parties involved in

economic and social entrepreneurship.

F. Multi-systemic approach: The government needs to take a comprehensive

approach to addressing both the city's ills and its relative advantages in an

integrative and simultaneous manner. Greater central government involvement

is needed in order to secure for Israel's capital city the status that befits it. It

should be recalled that Jerusalem is not just "anyplace," but rather a cultural

and religious focal point for all Israelis and all Jews; the entire world is

concerned about Jerusalem's fate, and this should guide all efforts to improve

the city's status.

G . Continued calm from a security standpoint: One of the basic conditions

for attainment of the desired change is a continuation of the current respite

from terrorist attacks. This period of calm should be accompanied by creative

thinking about ways in which Israelis and Palestinians can co-exist in the city

16




and its shared space — consideration of various alternate geopolitical

arrangements that may be implemented in the absence of actual peace

agreements.

The strategic plan should serve as a framework for activity aimed at halting

the negative trends discussed above, and it should make intelligent use of

Jerusalem's relative advantages in the following areas:

• As a capital city — The trend toward transferring most governmental and

national authorities to Jerusalem should be continued; employees should be

encouraged to invest in the city and in the Jerusalem metropolitan area, and

governmental units should be prevented from leaving the city. A n effort should

also be made to draw back to the city the embassies and consulates that have

left it, to concentrate all international properties and to enable the Palestinians

to set up national institutions in areas of Jerusalem which would not conflict

with Israeli policy.

• As a cultural center and tourism city — Development of cultural sites, tour

routes and scenic viewp oints; renewal of historic neighborhoods and

transformation of these areas into centers of tourism and recreation; serious

development of tourism infrastructures and promotion of pilgrimages.

• As a religious center for the three monotheistic religions — Electronic

information resources devoted to religious issues should be established;

institutes for study and research on religion and religious issues should be

founded; and the religious items industry encompassing the various relevant

crafts should be promoted, along with the "Jerusalem" label on items produced

in the city and its environs.

• As a center for research and higher education — National and international

institutions of higher education, including an institute of technology, should

be established; substantial assistance should be extended to students interested

in pursuing their studies in Jerusalem, particularly those students who are

themselves Jerusalemites; student dormitories should be constructed in the

city center; efforts should be made to integrate students into the city's work

force during the period of their studies; the relationship between educationaland research institutions and "fledgling industries" should be strengthened; a

17




college should be founded which would specialize in training public

administration personnel for the city, etc.

• As a medical center — The city's existing medical centers and related

biotechnology industries should be fostered and expanded, international and

Israeli medical conferences should be initiated, and sources of employment

in the medical and medical research sectors, in which Jerusalem enjoys an

advantage over other cities, should be developed.

The plan's physical aspect must reflect clear priorities and include the

following elements:

• High priority to renewal and development of the downtown area and the

inner city, with particular priority given to public transportation and

pedestrians over private vehicles.

• Improvement of the city's environment and quality of life, maintenance

of the city's cleanliness and exterior appearance at an appropriate level .• Priority to renewal of the city's built-up areas: Development outside of

the city can wait. Efforts should be made to attract and encourage private

urban renewal initiatives in the inner city.

• Preservation of the city's special character, sites and architectural heritage,

with priority to renewal of the Old Ci ty.

• Strengthening of the Jerusalem metropolitan area: From a regional

perspective, it is important to ensure continued functioning of the Jerusalem

metropolitan area and to maintain its connection to the city on various fronts —

some of which have weakened during the last decade. The economic, service-

related, cultural and employment ties of the surrounding localities (both Jewish

and Palestinian) to Jerusalem should be strengthened. Ties between the

Jerusalem metropolitan area's Palestinian sector and the city itself have greatly

weakened due to the intifada, and they are liable to weaken even further with

the completion of the security fence, which cuts Jerusalem off from most ofthe localities that surround it.

18




A n d finally, on a more optimistic note, efforts should be made to develop "peace

industries" in Jerusalem's shared space.

A s pointed out earlier, within this space hundreds of thousands of Palestinians

and Israelis l ive in close proximity. Even if a Palestinian capital should be

established in some section of the city, residents of the entire area — both Israelis

and Palestinians — have a joint interest in an economically thriving Jerusalem, a

city in which the quality of life is high, efforts are made to ensure residents' security,

and an atmosphere of openness prevails. Chances are therefore good that, if the

current respite from terrorist attacks continues and the peace process advances,

Jerusalem wil l turn into a natural center for the future peace industries mentioned

above. These industries wi l l attract entrepreneurs and business initiatives fromaround the world, including the M u s l i m world. Countries of the free world wi l l

be the first to pour resources into the development of such industries. The cash

influx wi l l turn Palestinian al-Quds into the West Bank's financial hub — one

capable of cooperating with Jerusalem as Israel's capital. This future situation

wi l l be constructive, in every sense of the term, for both entities — Jerusalem,

capital of Israel and al-Quds, capital of Palestine.

19




Indicators: DemographyDemograph ic Ba lance - J e w i s h Majority Decl ining

1967 2004

Jews 74% • 4 66%

Arabs 26% • 4 34%

Indicators: DemographyPopulation Projection - Continuing Trends

2000 2020 2035

Jews 69% • • 61 % 4 50%

Arabs 31% • • 39% • 50%

20




Indicators: DemographyInternal Migration Balance - Population is Leav ing

O C M ׳ f C D 0 0 O C S i T l - C D C 0 O C M ^ ־

o o c o c o o o o o C T > o ) a > o ) a > o o o0 ) 0 ) c n c j > 0 ) a 3 a ) a ) a ) 0 5 o o oT - 1 - T - T - T - T - T - - ^ T - T - C N C N J C \ J

Indicators: Social and EconomicLow Participation in Civic Labor-Force* (2003 data)

75%

50%

25%

0%

Israel

45% 47%

Jerusalem Jerusalem -

Jews

Employed and Employment-Seeking as % of Population Aged 15+




Indicators: Social and EconomicIncome per Capita (2001) - Low

Jerusalem Tel-Aviv HaifaBeer-

Sheva

1,962 4,458 3,485 3,101

Indicators: Social and EconomicStructure of Labor-Force (2004): Public Administration v s.

B u s i n e s s & Finance

5 0 %

4 7 %

1 4 %

WK'r׳ f1 4 %

Employed in Employed In Publ icB u s l n e s s & F i n a n c e Administration

22




Indicators: Social and EconomicPoverty Rate* (2003) - Arab Population Very Poor

75 %

50%

25%

0%Ü

68%

SI 29%

Je rusa lem - A r a b s Je rusa lem - J e w s

Indicators: Social and EconomicPoverty Rate* (2003) - Poorest city in Israel

50 %

40 %

30 %

20 %

10%

0%

Israel Je rusa lem Je rusa lemJ e w s

Tel-Aviv

' Individuals below poverty line

23




Indicators: Personal SecurityCasualties in Terror Attacks - A Terror Struck City

Period Israel Jerusalem Tel-Aviv Haifa

1967-1999 4,847 1,390 (29%) 837 (17%) 89 (2%)

2000-2003 5,081 1,524 (30%) 767 (15%) 239 (5%)

2000-2005 1,854

Frightening to live in Je rusa lem:

9% of Jerusalem residents

27% of the rest of Israel's population

Tourist Overnight-Stays in Jerusalem

3,500

3,000w 2,500

£ 2,000

g 1,500

i~ 1,000

500

0O T - o j c o ^ L n c D N - o o c n o T - c N j r o T j -c n o c D c n c o C D c n c n c D c o o o o o oC O C O C O C O C O C D C O C O O C O O O O O O- t - T - i - t - T - T - T - T - T - T - r M C M C M C M C S J

24




Willingness for concessions

in Jerusalem

Willing togive inreturn for

true peace:

The JewishQuarter and theWestern Wall

3%

* 63%


true peace:

The JewishQuarter

5% * 63%


true peace: ArabNeighborhoods

55%

* 63%

Not willing to make anyConcess ions

37%

Total 100%

25




List of sources

1. The Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies, O p i n i o nSun׳ ey o n J e r u s a l e m ,

January 2006.

2 . Dr. M a y a Choshen (ed.), S t a t i s t i c a l Y e a r b o o kof J e r u s a l e m ,Jerusalem

Municipality and the Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies, relevant years.

3 . Central Bureau of Statistics, S t a t i s t i c a l A b s t r a c to f I s r a e l ,relevant years.

4. Central Bureau of Statistics, C h a r a c t e r i z a t i o n a n d R a n k i n go fL o c a l A u t h o r i t i e s

A c c o r d i n g t o t h e P o p u l a t i o ns S o c i o - E c o n o m i c L e v e l ,1995.

5. Central Bureau of Statistics, C h a r a c t e r i z a t i o n a n d R a n k i n go f J jo c a l A u t h o r i t i e s

A c c o r d i n g t o t h e P o p u l a t i o n ' s S o c i o - E c o n o m i c L e v e l ,2001.

6. Central Bureau of Statistics, L o c a l A u t h o r i t i e s i n I s r a e l ,relevant years.

7. National Insurance Institute, A n n u a lS u r v e y, 2004.

8. Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center at the Center for Special Studies,

J e r u s a l e mas a P re fe r r e d T arg e t f o r P a l e s t i n i a n T e r r o r i s mD u r i n gt h e F i v e

Ye a r s of V i o l e n t C o n f r o n t a t i o n ,2005.

9. Central Bureau of Statistics and the Minist ry of Tourism, T o u r i s m a n d H o t e l

S e r v i c e s S t a t i s t i c s Q u a r t e r l y ,relevant years.

1 0 . Prof. Sergio della Pergola, P o p u l a t i o n F o r e c a s t s f o rJ e r u s a l e m(for the

Jerusalem local outline plan of 2000).

1 1 . Prof. A v i Ben Bassat et a l . , O p p o s i t i o n t o L . O . P . 3 7 / 1— t h e S a f d i e P l a n :A n

E c o n o m i c O p i n i o n , 2 0 0 4 .

26




י ?




Jerusalem as a Component of Israel's National Strength is a bold attempt to present

indicators for assessing the city's demographic, economic, social and political status.

It also suggests how to bridge the gap between image and reality, change current

trends and fulfill the city's potential - and what could happen if current trends are

allowed to continue.

T he Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies [JUS], an independent, non-profit organization and

a unique phenomenon on the Israeli scene, was founded in 1978 to study Jerusalem. With a

balance of highly qualified academics and practitioners, the JU S has been working for more

than 27 years to provide a constant flow of relevant, essential and accurate data, in-depth

background material, policy papers and professional analysis for use by decision makers andthe general public on subjects of great importance. These studies are accompanied by applicable

suggestions for options and solutions.

The Jerusalem Institute

for Israel Studies

T h e Hay Elyachar House

20 Radak Street

Jerusalem, Israel 92186

www.jiis.org.il

Top right picture: Flash 90

G O



Date post:	08-Apr-2018
Category:	Documents
Upload:	jerusaleminstitute
View:	227 times
Download:	1 times

Jerusalem as a Component of Israels National Strength

Documents