Journal of Ayurveda Official publication of National Institute of Ayurveda, Jaipur, Rajasthan 81 Pharmaceutico - Analytical Evaluation Of Brahma Rasayana - A Polyherbal Ayurvedic Formulation *Dr. Puja Sansare, **Dr. Parween Bano, ***Prof. K. Shankar Rao *Ayurvedic Physician, Ishwa Clinic, Ratnagirir, ** Ph.D. Scholar, ***Professor & HOD, Dept. Of RS & BK, Naional Institute of Ayurveda, Jaipur ABSTRACT JOA XIII-1 2019 ORIGINAL REASEARCH ARTICLE - PHARMACEUTICAL STUDY Address of Corespondence: Dr. Puja Sansare Ayurvedic Physician Ishwa Clinic, Ratnagiri Email ID : [email protected]Contact No : 9509339706 Avaleha Kalpana is one of the most important pharmaceutical preparation of Ayurveda. Brahma Rasayana is one of the popular Avaleha preparation and is recognized as a very effective formulation for Rasayana, Jara disorders and helps to increase longevity of life, Medha-Dhee and Smriti etc. The formula Brahma Rasayana was prepared in accordance with Charaka Chikitsa Rasayana Pada and the current method of preparation can be considered as standard. An attempt was also made to develop analytical profile for Brahma Rasayana. The sample shows smooth, velvette texture, pleasant smell and sweet astringent in taste. The LOD (12.36%), pH value ( 3.4), Ash value (0.77%w/w), Acid Insoluble Ash value (0.40% w/w), Water Soluble Ash value (0.40 %w/w), Alcohol soluble extractive (56.25%w/w), Water soluble extractive value (58.85%w/w), total solid content( 87.64% w/w), Total sugars(50.72%w/w). The preparation was free from heavy metals and microbial contamination. Keywords: Brahma Rasayana, Rasayana, Standardization. Introduction: Avaleha Kalpana [1] is one of the most important pharmaceutical preparation of Ayurveda. Avaleha Kalpana may be defined as a process where various things like decoction, powder, sweetening agents, fat material and perfuming substances are employed for the preparation of soft, semi-solid ingestible medicament. This process ensures absorption of active therapeutic How to Site the Article : Sansare P, Bano P, Rao KS, Pharmaceutico - Analytical Evaluation Of Brahma Rasayana - A Polyherbal Ayurvedic Formulation JOA XIII-1, 2019; 81 - 89 JOA journalofayurveda.in ISSN No: 2321-0435
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Journal of Ayurveda Official publication of National Institute of Ayurveda, Jaipur, Rajasthan81
Pharmaceutico - Analytical Evaluation Of Brahma Rasayana - A Polyherbal Ayurvedic Formulation
*Dr. Puja Sansare, **Dr. Parween Bano, ***Prof. K. Shankar Rao
*Ayurvedic Physician, Ishwa Clinic, Ratnagirir, ** Ph.D. Scholar, ***Professor & HOD, Dept. Of RS & BK, Naional Institute of Ayurveda, Jaipur
ABSTRACT
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ORIGINAL REASEARCH ARTICLE - PHARMACEUTICAL STUDY
Address of Corespondence:
Dr. Puja SansareAyurvedic PhysicianIshwa Clinic, RatnagiriEmail ID : [email protected] No : 9509339706
Avaleha Kalpana is one of the most important pharmaceutical preparation of Ayurveda. Brahma Rasayana is one of the popular Avaleha preparation and is recognized as a very effective formulation for Rasayana, Jara disorders and helps to increase longevity of life, Medha-Dhee and Smriti etc. The formula Brahma Rasayana was prepared in accordance with Charaka Chikitsa Rasayana Pada and the current method of preparation can be considered as standard. An attempt was also made to develop analytical profile for Brahma Rasayana. The sample shows smooth, velvette texture, pleasant smell and sweet astringent in taste.
The LOD (12.36%), pH value ( 3.4), Ash value (0.77%w/w), Acid Insoluble Ash value (0.40% w/w), Water Soluble Ash value (0.40 %w/w), Alcohol soluble extractive (56.25%w/w), Water soluble extractive value (58.85%w/w), total solid content( 87.64% w/w), Total sugars(50.72%w/w). The preparation was free from heavy metals and microbial contamination.
Introduction: Avaleha Kalpana[1] is one of the most important pharmaceutical preparation of Ayurveda. Avaleha Kalpana may be defined as a process where various things like decoction, powder, sweetening agents, fat material and perfuming substances are employed for the preparation of soft, semi-solid ingestible medicament. This process ensures absorption of active therapeutic
How to Site the Article : Sansare P, Bano P, Rao KS, Pharmaceutico - Analytical Evaluation Of Brahma Rasayana - A Polyherbal Ayurvedic Formulation JOA XIII-1, 2019; 81 - 89
JOAjournalofayurveda.in ISSN No:2321-0435
Journal of Ayurveda Official publication of National Institute of Ayurveda, Jaipur, Rajasthan82
properties of ingredients used. In Ayurveda, Avaleha Kalpana is first mentioned by Acharya Charaka but its pharmaceutical principles was first described by Acharya Sharangadhara, the author of Sharangadhara Samhita.
The literary review of Avaleha suggests that these are preparations prepared from aqueous extracts of the plants used as a base and powders, pulp, sugar and Prakshepa are incorporated to the base Kashaya or prescribed liquid media. It is claimed that the therapeutic activity of the Avaleha preparation depends on the drugs which are thus used. These are referred as chief ingredients, Kwatha Dravyas, sweetening agent and Prakshepa Dravyas etc
Brahma Rasayana[2] is one of the popular Avaleha preparation in Ayurveda. It is recognized as a very effective remedy for Rasayana and other diseases such
Materials and Methods:
The raw drugs were procured from the pharmacy of NIA, Jaipur, fresh Haritaki from Udaipur College herbal garden and fresh Amalaki from local market, Jaipur, the raw drugs were authenticated from Drug testing laboratory of the department and method adopted as mentioned in Charaka Chikitsa Rasayanaadhikar.
as Jara disorders, longevity of life, Medha-Dhee and Smriti etc. Though it is an effective remedy for stress and anti-ageing, but till date no work has been carried out to standardize the formula. Hence, an attempt has been made to standardize the poly herbal formulation on pharmaceutical and analytical grounds.
Pharmaceutical Preparation:
Table No I- Showing The Raw Materials Of Brahma Rasayana
Sr .no Ingredient Part Used BR1 (in gms)
Pradhan Dravya
1. Haritaki Wet Fruits 10 nos - 160gms
2. Amalaki Wet Fruits 30 nos- 900gms
Kwatha Dravya
3. Bilva Rt 4.8
4. Syonaka Rt 4.8
5. Kashmari Rt 4.8
6. Agnimantha Rt 4.8
7. Patala Rt 4.8
8. Salaparni Wh Pl 4.8
9. Prisniparni Wh Pl 4.8
10. Brihati Rt 4.8
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11. Kantakari Wh Pl 4.8
12. Gokshura Rt 4.8
13. Bala Rt 4.8
14. Punarnava Rt 4.8
15. Eranda Rt 4.8
16. Masaparni Wh Pl 4.8
17. Mudgaparni Wh Pl 4.8
18. Shatavari Rt 4.8
19. Shatavari Rt 4.8
20. Jivanti Rt 4.8
21. Vidarikanda Rt 4.8
22. Vidarikanda Rt 4.8
23. Shali Rt 4.8
24. Kasa Rt 4.8
25. Shara Rt 4.8
26. Darbha Rt 4.8
27. Ikshu Rt 4.8
TOTAL 120
Water used for Kwatha were 12 litres and reduced to 1.2 litres
The Kwatha Dravyas ((Sr no 3 – 27) are made into coarse powder and were taken into the stainless steel container containing 12 litres of water and kept for overnight for proper soaking.
Next day, Wet fruits (Haritaki and Amalaki) were bundled in a clean piece of cotton cloth and immersed in the container in the mixture of Kwatha Dravyas and the whole unit was subjected to mild heat for boiling. The Amalaki and Haritaki fruits bundle were taken out and the rest unit was kept on mild fire till the initial volume of water reduced to 1/10 th part (1.2 Litre). Thereafter the Kwatha was strained through a piece of clean cloth and kept a side. The temperature maintained during the procedure was 85-90° C.
The seeds of the boiled Haritaki and Amalaki were removed and pulp was made into fine paste by using an electric grinder and sieved (with stainless steel of 40 mesh) over a stainless steel container and separated the fibers.
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Table No II: Showing Observations Of Pulp Preparation
Material Weight
Weight of Amalaki pulp 800gms
Weight of Amalaki seeds 55 gms
Weight of Amalaki fibres 45 gms
Weight of Haritaki pulp 105 gms
Weight of Haritaki seeds 20 gms
Weight of Haritaki fibres 30 gms
Sitopala was dissolved into the filtered Kwatha, at 85-90° C then pulp of Haritaki and Amalaki were added and stirred and Ghee and Tila Taila were added to the mixture. After some time, the fine powders of Prakshepa Dravya (Sr no 28-41) were added and cooked on mild fire till Avaleha Siddhi [3] characters were achieved.
Then the container was kept down from fire and allowed to self cool then the mentioned amount of honey was added to the prepared Avaleha and was mixed thoroughly to form a homogenous mixture
The final preparation was filled in sterile dry and air tight container and sealed with proper label and used for further studies.
Table No III: Showing Initial Wt. & Final Results Of Brahma Rasayana
Material & Parameters Weight & Parameters
Kwatha 1.2 litre
Paste of Haritaki + Amalaki 905 gms
Ghee 92.1 gms
Tila Taila 61.4 gms
Sitopala 528 gms
Prakshepa Dravya 26.9 gms
Honey 76.8 gms
Mean temperature 70-85° C
Total duration 9.45 hr
Total yield 1.480 kg
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The prepared sample was subjected to organoleptic, physio-chemical, nutritional studies, Vit C content, heavy metals tests and test for microbial contamination in order to develop analytical profile
Table No IV: Showing The Results Of Organoleptic Characters
Sr no Parameters Results
1. Rupa Brownish black
2. Rasa Madhura kashaya
3. Gandha Characteristic
4. Sparsha Soft & Semisolid
Table No.V: Showing The Results Of Physicochemical Parameters
Sr no Parameter Results
1. LOD 12.36 %
2. pH 3.4
3. Ash value 0.77 %
4. Acid insoluble ash 0.25%w/w
5. Water soluble ash 0.40 % w/w
6. Alcohol soluble extractive 56.25% w/w
7. Water soluble extractive 58.85% w/w
8. Total Solids 87.64%w/w
9. Total Sugars 50.72%
10. Reducing Sugar 46.15 %
11. Non Reducing Sugar 4.57%
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Table No VI : Showing The Results Of Nutritional Studies
Sr no Parameters Results
1. Crude fibre 01.37%
2. Crude protein 0.77%
3. Total fat 7.09%
4. Carbohydrate 77.69%
5. Energy 377.65 kcal/100gms
Table No VII: Showing The Results Of Vitamin C Content
Sr no Parameter Results
1. Vitamin C 9.21 mg/100 gms
Table No VIII: Showing The Results Of Test For Microbial Contamination:
Sr No Parameter Results
1. Total Aerobic Microbial Count 450 cfu/gm
2. Total Yeast and Mould Count 81 cfu/gm
Table No IX: Showing The Results Of Test For Heavy Metals
Sr No Parameter (in ppm) Results
1. Cadmium Not detected
2. Lead Not detected
3. Mercury Not detected
4. Arsenic Not detected
Discussion:
The formula indicates that the roots to be taken as a useful part for Kwatha Dravyas but due to unavailability of these parts, in the present study their stem barks used as substitute wherever required necessary. As regards
the selection of Jivaka, Rishabhaka and Meda in the preparation, it is quite controversial problem because a dozen of similar drugs are sold in the market by the name of these drugs. Hence, the following substitutes were used in accordance with Bhava Prakash[4].
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The number of Haritaki and Amalaki are simi-lar in all the texts. As per Acharya Charaka, the Kwatha Dravyas are prescribed to be taken 2 Palas each but as per the Commentory of Acharya Chakrapani it was advised 10 Palas of each Mula where as Astanga Hri-daya[5] has been mentioned total 250 Palas i.e. means 10 Pala of each drug. As a result Kwatha drugs were taken 10 Palas of each quantity. Regarding Sitopala, Acharya Charaka prescribed it as 1100 Pala i.e. SahasraPalam Tulyadhikam (1000 + 100 Palas = 52.000kg) where as Ashtanga Hridaya and AFI[6] it has been mentioned Ar-dha bhara (1000 Palas=48.000 kg.) Hence, in the pres-ent study Sitopala was considered as per the reference of Acharya Charaka. The ratio of Ghee and Taila remained same in all the texts. The addition of honey according to Charak Samhita it is Snehardha i.e. half amount of indi-cated Ghee and Taila ( 2½ Adhaka =7.680 kgs) whereas in Astanga Hridaya and AFI it is prescribed 320 Pala i.e. 15.360 kgs.
According to Charak Samhita, the formula has to be prepared in the ‘Sadhyam Oudumbare Patre’[7] i.e. means the preparation should be prepared in the Tamra Patra. But text Rasatantra Sara Va Siddha Prayoga Sangraha mentioned that the preparation should be done in a vessel prepared form Ficus glomerata (Gular). Acharya Charaka mentioned that the Tila Taila is to be taken two Adhaka in quantity along with Ghee but the text Rasatantrasara Va Siddha Prayoga Sangraha formula contains only Ghee and no Tila taila. This is because; the formula gives oily smell and Utkledanatwa property. But in present study stainless steel vessel is used.
The two strings of Paka of Avaleha was identified by using hand refractometer and it was fixed 72X.
Physiochemical standards are useful in identification and authentication of the plant materials used in the preparation. Moisture content should be minimum to prevent degradation of product which
was found to be 12.36 %. pH of Brahma Rasayana was 3.4 and found to be acidic as the chief ingredients are basically acidic in nature
The total ash is particularily important in the evaluation of purity of drugs i.e presence or absence of inorganic matter such as metallic salts and/or silica. The total Ash was found to be 0.77%. The acid insoluble was 0.25 % indicating the percentage of inorganic contents insoluble in acid which were present in the ash the water soluble ash was found to be 0.40 %
The water soluble extractive and alcohol soluble extractive were found to be 56.25 and 58.85 % respectively, indicating considerable amount of polar compounds in the sample. Total solid content was 87.64 %w/w which in turn shows low moisture content, important factor for longer stability period Total sugar found to be in the range of 50.72 % w/w suggesting considerable amount of sugar in the sample. Also exhibits solubility of the product and nutritional value in terms of carbohydrates Reducing sugar was found in the range of 46.15 %w/w.
Protein is an essential nutrient in diet. It was found in the range of 0.77 %. Carbohydrate was found to be 77.69 % Crude fibre was 1.37 % present in Brahma Rasayana as the herbs are powdered and mixed with the Sugar syrup/ honey while preparing the Brahma Rasayana. The total fat was found to be 7.09%. As Brahma Rasayana is also used for giving energy, it is expected to be high in Calorific Value. The caloric intake from Brahma Rasayana ranges from 377.65 kcal/100gms.
Vitamin C or Ascorbic acid is a natural antioxidant that helps to protect against cancers, heart disease and stress etc. It helps in maintaining a healthy immune system and is required for the growth and repair of tissues in all parts of the body. It is expected to be higher in Brahma Rasayana as the basic ingredient is Amalaki which has maximum vitamin C content. The 100 gm of Brahma Rasayana, contains Vit C 9.21 mg.
All the samples of Brahma Rasayana had met the requirements for microbiological contamination given by
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WHO. Brahma Rasayana shows absence of heavy metal contents. This indicate that the raw materials used in the samples were genuine and preparation was carried under GLP conditions.
Conclusion:
Avaleha Kalpana is one of the most important pharmaceutical preparation of Ayurveda. This process ensures absorption of active therapeutic properties of ingredients used. Brahma Rasayana comes under Avaleha Kalpana and is used widely all over the country as a medicine for Rasayana.
As there is no standardized analytical profile available on the formula. The Study on Brahma Rasayana is a step towards pharmaceutical and analytical standardisation. The research work was carried out on various parameters and fixed in house quality standards for Brahma Rasayana. It is worthy to note that the Vit. C has not lost even on boiling with Kwatha and exposing to heat.
Further there is lot of scope for researchers for identification of individual constituent ingredient and pre- clinical and clinical studies.
6. The Ayurvedic Formulary of India, Part 1, 1st edition, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Department of Indian System of medicine and Homeopathy,Government of India, Avaleha and Paka 3:20, p. 144.
7. Charaka, Charaka Samhita, Ed. Vidhyadhara Shukla and Ravi Dutt Tripathi, Chaukhamba Sankrit Prathisthan, Delhi, Chikitsa Sthana Chapter 1:1, Shloka 51 p. 5.
