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BEAM Professional Training and Examination
23 July 2014
John A. Herbert 許 約 翰
BEAM Professional Chairman Water Use, Technical Review Committee Chairman BEAM Technical Review Panel Director BEAM Society Limited
Water Use (WU)
Whilst every care has been taken preparing this biography, with links, organisations may have change the location, or remove material without prior notice; this document was reviewed and updated on 6 November 2013.
1. Guidelines For Drinking Water Quality, WHO, 2008 - link 2. ISO 5667 - part 5 Water Quality Sampling (Purchase) - link 3. GB 3838-83 Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water, PRC 4. WSD Fresh Water Plumbing Maintenance Guide, WSD - link 5. WSD ACQWS Paper No. 5. - Raw Water Quality Monitoring in Hong Kong - link 6. WSD ACQWS Paper No. 14 - Treated Effluent Reuse at Ngong Ping - link 7. WSD Annual Report, WSD - link 8. Hong Kong Waterworks Standards for Plumbing Installations in Buildings, WSD, Feb 2013 - link 9. Water Infrastructure. Water-Efficient Plumbing Fixtures Reduce Water Consumption and Wastewater Flows, USGAO. Report to
Congressional Requester, GA RCED-00-23, August 2000.- link 10. Sustainable retail premises: an environmental guide to design, refurbishment and management of retail premises, Prior (purchase) - link 11. APP-004 Water Supply and Wells (formerly PNAP 17) - link 12. APP-105 Water Seepage (formerly PNAP 230) - link 13. APP-099 Flushing Volume for Flushing Cisterns (formerly PNAP 220) - link 14. APP-006 Shops and Department Stores - Building (Standards of Sanitary Fitments, Plumbing, Drainage Works and Latrines) Regulation
5 (formerly PNAP 41) - link 15. Greywater and Rainwater Systems: Recommended UK Requirements, 13034/1 Report, March 1997, BSRIA - link 16. The Building Services Research and Information Association, Final Report 13034/1, March 1997 17. Water and Energy Conservation of Rainwater Collection Systems on Building Roofs, Advances in Building Technology, Vol. 2. Elsevier.
2002. pp 1281-1288 by Yang H X, Chow W H, Burnett J. 18. Cap 102 - Waterworks Regulations - link 19. Cap 123 - Building Regulations - link 20. Cap 358 - Water Pollution Control Ordinance - link 21. Handbook on Plumbing Installation, WSD - link 22. Study On Green Roof Application In Hong Kong, ArchSD - link 23. Dongjiang Water Quality (April 2009 - March 2010) , Water Quality comparison with GB 3838-83, WSD - link 24. Quality Water Recognition Scheme for Buildings (QWRS), WSD - link 25. Voluntary Water Efficiency Labelling Scheme (WELS) , WSD - link 26. Code of Practice for Water-cooled Air Conditioning System, EMSD, Jan 2008 - link 27. Good Operation and Maintenance Practice of Fresh Water Cooling Towers for Air conditioning Systems, EMSD, Nov. 2011- link 28. Prevention of Legionnaires’ Disease Code of Practice, 2012, EMSD - link 29. Guidelines for Carbon Audit, 2010, EPD - link 30. WSD Circular Letters - link
bibliography
Water Use WU Terminology
• POTABLE – drinking water fit for human consumption • WELS – Water Efficiency Label Scheme • Local Yield – Annual Rainfall • Catchment – rainfall collecting area
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Water Use Water Cycle (or Hydrological Cycle)
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5
Water Use Catchment Local Yield
6 mcm - million cubic metre
Water Use Spot the difference
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Water Use Hong Kong Water History
1957 Salt water to Shek Kip Mei & Lei Cheng Estates First in Hong Kong
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Water Use Hong Kong Water History
1960
Supply Agreement Shenzhen Reservoir (Importing Water)
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Water Use Hong Kong Water History
1964
Severe Water Rationing 4 hours service, every 4 days
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Water Use Hong Kong Water History
1965 Dongjiang 68.2 mcm/year supply contract (Imported)
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Water Use Hong Kong Water History
1973 Completion of Plover Cove Reservoir
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Water Use Hong Kong Water History
1982 Water Rationing ended
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Water Use Hong Kong Water History
1989 Dongjiang 1,100 mcm/pa supply contract
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Water Use Hong Kong Water History
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2003 Aquaduct commissioned Covered supply to HK
Water Gathering Grounds (HK)
Impounding Reservoir
Water Treatment Works Primary
Service Reservoir
Service Reservoir
To Consumers Pumping
Station
Service Reservoir
Pumping Station
Consumers
Consumers Raw Water From Dongjiang
Water Service
Service Reservoir
Consumers
Consumers
Pumping Station
Consumers
Consumers
Non-return Valve
Sea Level
Sea Wall
Sea Water Service
Promote through recognition lower impacts, and environmentally positive features “green features” for the whole lifecycle of the built environment.
Intent of BEAM
realign how we use water, redefining ‘waste’ in building operations, and raising awareness to ensure water is respected as a precious resource.
WU Intent
Water Use BEAM Intent
• Recognise those organisations who implement water and waste conservation
• Lower Carbon CO2e Emissions
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Water Use BEAM Intent
• Raise awareness Water is a limited and precious resource
• Encourage GREEN FEATURES
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Water Use BEAM Intent
• Encourage water and waste water Innovations
• Encourage use of 3rd party labelling e.g. WELS
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Construction, Operation, Maintenance of Buildings require WATER
Traditional Sprinkler (Leaking)
No Irrigation
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AHU AC Condensate
Water Use BEAM Rating Tools
• Each rating tool (NB, EB, BI) targets water and effluent conservation
• The criteria are similar, with some subtle differences
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Green Features
Water Use Green Features
• Twin Water Tanks – Periodic Inspection – Periodic Cleaning – No INTERUPTION
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Water Use Green Features
• Greywater ALTERNATE source – Contains bacteria, detergents, phosphates, etc. – water treatment – End use capacity
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Water Use Green Features
• Rainwater Harvesting ALTERNATE source – Alternate water source, make-up water for cooling
towers, irrigation, fountains, etc. – Relieve pressure on Municipal Drainage system
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Water Use Green Features
• Green Roof – Storage, relieving storm water pressure on Municipal
drainage system – Microclimate, lower energy consumption – Increase biodiversity
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Water Use Green Features
• Labelling WELS – WSD scheme – Taps, Showers, Mixing taps – Voluntary Label – 1 = highest/best – Refer to www.wsd.gov.hk – On-going
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Water Use Green Features
• High Tech Irrigation System
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Water Use Green Features
• Labelling QWRBS • WSD scheme • EB Maintenance
– Quality – Water – Recognition – Scheme for – Buildings
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Water Use Green Features
• No Plastic Water Bottles – Approx. 60,000,000 pa – Lower Carbon Emissions – Less waste
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Water Use Green Features
• Cooling Tower Blowdown • Waste water from cooling towers can be re-used for
flushing water purposes
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Water Use Green Features
YOUR IDEA HERE
(Innovations)
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New Building
(NB)
Water Use WU NB Weighting
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WuP1 Water Quality Survey
Rationale
1. Provide quality potable water for all building users
2. Parameters QWRSFB
Requirement
1. Water Sampling 2. Locations (all tanks and
farthest outlets in the distribution system)
3. Schematic and layout drawings c/w sample points highlights
4. Method statements, sample handling, etc.
5. Laboratory reports
Water Use
Test Parameters Same As WSD’s QWRSB
pH: Colour:
Turbidity: Conductivity:
Iron: E. Coli:
Total Coliform:
6.5 - 9. 2 ≦15 ≦3 ≦300 ≦0.3 NIL NIL
Water Use WuP1 Common Mistakes
• Testing standard – Incorrect parameters (not QWRSB) – Incorrect Laboratory (QWRSB)
WuP2 Water Saving Performance
Rationale
1. Conserve Water 2. Reduce sewer waste 3. Lower CO2
4. Minimize adverse environmental impacts
Requirement
1. Summary Table 2. Flow rate calculation at
working pressure 3. Schematic and Layout
drawings 4. Catalogue/cut sheets 5. Use baseline data
provided in BEAM manual
6. Records, Cx data, delivery notes, site photographs, etc.
Water Use WuP2 Common Mistakes
• Pressure – Fittings water flow rate declared (low flow taps,
showers, etc.) to based on working water pressure • Calculation
– baseline/project case comparison incorrect • Alternate Authority
– Inadequate justification for source of alternative data should be CIBSE guide, IOP manual, ASPE, etc.
lower flow rate
description size (mm) flow unit
shower 9.5 l/min
kitchen sink pillar tap (pantry) 22 6 l/min
kitchen sink mixer tap (pantry) 22 6 l/min
pillar tap 15 6 l/min
mixer tap 15 9 l/min
bath pillar tap 22 15 l/min
bath mixer tap 22 15 l/min
bidet 15 5 l/min
Pre-rinse spray valves kitchen 15 7 l/min
WC 15 7 L/flush
WC hose spray 15 5 l/min
Urinal 15 4.5 L/flush
Washing machine (horz) 15 12.6 L/kg/cycle
Washing machine (vert) 15 22 L/kg/cycle
WU Baseline / default Flow Data
Water Use
P = ρ g h
height (h)
tank
outlet
outlet
65.5 mpd
29.5 mpd
99.0 mpd
WuP2 Common Mistakes
h bar flow rate l/min
32.5 3.25 14 68.5 6.85 20
WuP2 Calculation format De
vice
dura
tion
(sec
onds
) Da
ily u
se p
er
occu
pant
W
orki
ng
Pres
sure
(bar
)
water flow rate @ working pressure
daily consumption per person
(L/min) (L/min) (L) (L) Baseline Built Baseline Built
Tap 45 10.00 5.00 3.00 6.00 4.00 5.00 3.33 Tap 46 15.00 1.00 3.00 8.00 4.50 2.00 1.13 Tap 47 10.00 5.00 1.00 6.00 2.50 5.00 2.08 Tap 48 15.00 1.00 1.00 8.00 3.00 2.00 0.75
daily consumption per person 14.00 7.29
occupants 30.00 30.00 Operating days 365.00 365.00
annual consumption (litres) 153,300.00 79,843.75 annual consumption saved (litres) 73,456.25
percentage water saved 48%
Same for baseline & built case
Wu1 Annual Water Use
Rationale
1. Encourage higher performance than PR
Requirement
1. Same as WUP1 2. Reward higher
performance. 3. Annual water saving of
20%, 25% or 30% earns 1, 2, or 3 credits respectively;
Water Use Wu1 Annual Water Use
• WUPp2 and WU 1 have identical requirements
• No need to duplicate calculations and supporting documentation
• One submission covering both WuP2 and Wu1 is acceptable
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Wu2 Monitoring and Control
Rationale
1. Water Seepage APP105 2. Early water leakage
detection to minimize waste water
3. Encourage design 1. No embedded piping 2. exposed pipe leakage is
self evident
4. Coverage for ALL areas inside building(s)
Requirement
1. Summary Table 2. Schematic and layout
drawings (water) 3. Schematic and layout
drawings (detection system)
4. All Concealed piping including: Meter rooms, pipe ducts, risers, under floor, plant rooms, etc.
5. Record, log book, BMS output, photographs, etc.
Water Use Wu2 Common Mistakes
• Coverage, Coverage, Coverage – Detection system shall cover all concealed piping
including all plant rooms, ceiling voids, under raised floors, pipe ducts, water meter rooms, risers, and all other areas with concealed water pipework
– Exposed/surface mounted piping means any leakage is self evident
– Underground piping is excluded from Assessment
Wu3 Water Efficient Irrigation
Rationale
1. Integrated planning 2. Assess and minimise
environmental impacts
Requirement
Three Paths: 1. Irrigation system which
does not require municipal water after establishment period
2. Highly efficient irrigation technology
3. Alternate Source Greywater/Rainwater harvesting installation
Wu4 Water Recycling
Rationale
1. Conserve potable Water, use alternative source
2. Reuse water from showers, washbasin, condensate (not black water)
Requirement
1. Greywater/Rainwater harvesting installation
2. Calculations potable water conservation
3. Schematic and layout drawings
4. Catalogue/cut sheets 5. Records, log book,
meter readings, site photographs
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Rainwater Greywater
sewer
roof
wash
Wu5 Water Efficient Appliances
Rationale
1. Appliances are dishwasher, washing machine, etc. (not taps/showers)
2. Reduce potable water consumption
Requirement
1. Calculation (BEAM Baseline data)
2. Schematic and layout drawings
3. Appliance information WELS label, catalogue, and data sheet
4. Records, delivery notes, site installation photographs
Water Use Wu5 Common Mistakes
– Incorrect application – Fixtures (taps, showers, etc.) are NOT Appliances
Wu6 Effluent Discharge
Rationale
1. Reduce impacts resulting from sewerage discharge to lower burden for municipal waste handling systems by 20%
2. Harbour Area Treatment Scheme (HATS)
Requirement
1. Summary Table 2. Schematic and layout
drawings 3. Calculation (only WC
and urinals considered) 4. Technical information
WELS label, catalogue, and data sheet
5. Records, delivery notes, As fitted drawings, record photographs
Water Use Harbour Area Treatment Scheme (HATS)
• HATS
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Wu Innovation
Rationale
1. IA - Encourage new solutions, techniques, and or technologies that meet the Intent of a BEAM Innovation
2. PE - significant exemplar performance
3. Difficult, not automatic, subject to scrutiny
Requirement
1. Submission must include Quantitative data for the idea, with substantiation for the claimed emission reduction and or averted impacts
Existing Building
(EB)
Water Use
INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL
QUALITY
ENERGY USE
SITE ASPECT
WATER 15%
MATERIALS ASPECTS
Category Weighting Wu EB
Water Use Difference between NB and EB
Wu P1 Water Quality Survey Wu P2 Minimum Water Saving Performance Wu P3 Water Conservation Plan Wu 1 Annual Water Use Wu 2 Monitoring and Controls Wu 3 Water Use for Irrigation Wu 4 Water Recycling Wu 5 Water Audit Wu 6 Effluent Discharge to Foul Sewers
Water Use Difference between NB and EB
Wu P1 Water Quality Survey Wu P2 Minimum Water Saving Performance Wu P3 Water Conservation Plan Wu 1 Annual Water Use Wu 2 Monitoring and Controls Wu 3 Water Use for Irrigation Wu 4 Water Recycling Wu 5 Water Audit Wu 6 Effluent Discharge to Foul Sewers
EB WuP3 Water Conservation Plan
Rationale
1. Promote continuous development
2. Encourage active management for water resources
Requirement
1. List responsible person 2. Report 3. Director signature
Water Use EBWuP3 Suggested Content
– Organization chart – Communication channels (staff, building users, etc.) – Water monitoring – Water Consumption – Action Schedule to reduce water consumption – Quantification of water savings – Prepared by an E&M engineer – director endorsement
EB Wu5 Water Audit (BONUS CREDIT)
Rationale
1. Raise awareness 2. Encourage reduced
water consumption and improved maintenance
Requirement
1. List Responsible person 2. Written Audit report
Water Use EBWu5 Suggested Content
– Objective, reduction of all types of water consumption, raising awareness
– Scope, Overview and detail of the scope of work, including exclusions i.e. tenants areas
– Operations, Overview and details of the building operation
– Maintenance, Overview and details of maintenance activities, deferred maintenance
– Drawings, AS FITTED schematic and layout drawings – Records, Inventory, records for all areas of water use,
regular monitoring, consumption, O&M, etc.
BEAM Interiors
(BI)
Water Use BEAM Interiors (BI)
• Designed for fitout renovation projects – Lower Environmental Impacts – Recognition – Water Conservation – Education – Raise Awareness
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Water Use BEAM Plus Interiors (BI)
• Applications – Offices – Hotels – Retail – fit-out projects – Related areas of Host building
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Water Use Wu BI
Wu 1 Water Quality Survey Wu 2 Minimum Water Saving Performance Wu 3 Reduced Effluent to Sewer Wu 4 No Bottled Water
Water Use BU Wu Summary
BI Wu1 Water Quality Survey
Rationale
1. Good Water Quality 2. Minimise demand for
plastic drinking bottles
Requirement
1. Similar to NB
BI Wu2 Water Saving Performance
Rationale
1. Minimize adverse environmental impacts
2. Encourage WELS
Requirement
1. Same As NB except 1 point for 30%, or 2 points 40% water saving
Duration - IR sensor
BI Wu3 Minimise Effluent Discharge
Rationale
1. Minimize adverse environmental impacts
Requirement
1. Similar to NB
BI Wu4 No Bottled Water
Rationale
1. Raise awareness 2. Reduce water bottle
usage 3. Reduce plastic waste 4. Encourage water coolers
with potable water
Requirement
1. List Responsible person 2. Layout plan with
equipment 3. Technical/cut sheets 4. Record photographs
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Plastic Hong Kong Beach
Strategies
Water Use Strategies
• Lower (duration) Consumption • Lower (flow rate) Consumption • Alternate source (rainwater) • Recycle (greywater) • Eliminate (design out)
rainwater harvesting
HKG Observatory Website 25 July 2012
25 54
82
175
305
456
377
432
328
101
38 27
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
Jan Feb March April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec
Rai
nfal
l (m
m)
Mean Monthly Rainfall Hong Kong 1981-2010
data: http://www.hko.gov.hk/cis/normal/1981_2010/normals_e.htm#table2
Water Use Rainwater Harvesting
• First Flush – After long periods of dry weather debris, dirt, leaves,
etc. accumulate on the catchment area – simulation calculation should include the first flush
loss
(Water Treatment omitted for clarity)
Rainwater Harvesting
RAINFALL
DRAIN filter pump
filter
Rainwater Storage
Tank
Case Study – Rainwater I
Office Building Roof Area 30m x 30m (sqm) 900 Plot Ratio 10
Office Building GFA (sqm) 9,000 Occupancy (person/sqm) 9
Total Occupants 1,000 Occupants M:F Ratio 1:1
Male WC usage 500 Female WC usage (no dual flush) 2,000
Total WC operations per day 2,500
Case Study – Rainwater II
Capacity Roof Area 30m x 30m (sqm) 900
Rainfall *(m) 0.1 Collection Volume (cubic metres) 90
Collection Volume (litres) 90,000 WC cistern capacity (litres) 7.5
Capacity (for flushing operations) 12,000 Days Storage 4.8
* 2 hours rainfall on 29-07-2010
Month Jan Feb March April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec total Roof Area (sqm) 900 900 900 900 900 900 900 900 900 900 900 900 Roof Factor (K) 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 rainfall (mm/hr/sqm) 24.7 54.4 82.2 174.7 304.7 456.1 376.5 432.2 327.6 100.9 37.6 26.8 days 31 28 31 30 31 30 31 31 30 31 30 31 Duration (hours) 46 89 101 99 106 111 85 97 78 46 38 40 monthly rain (m/sqm/hr) 0.0247 0.0544 0.0822 0.1747 0.3047 0.4561 0.3765 0.4322 0.3276 0.1009 0.0376 0.0268 sub total (l/month) 1,278 5,447 9,340 19,457 36,335 56,955 36,003 47,164 28,747 5,222 1,607 1,206 First Flush Loss 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 total (l/month) 778 4,947 8,840 18,957 35,835 56,455 35,503 46,664 28,247 4,722 1,107 706 242,762 grass area (sqm) 200 200.0 200.0 200.0 200.0 200.0 200.0 200.0 200.0 200.0 200.0 200.0 requirement (l/sqm/d) 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 irrigation demand (l) 43,400 39,200 43,400 42,000 43,400 42,000 43,400 43,400 42,000 43,400 42,000 43,400 511,000
Case Study – Rainwater III
Collection Σ = A.k.R.d – FF Where: A= area sqm K = catchment coefficient R = Rainfall HKO reference d = Days per month FF = First flush loss
Dual flushing devices
Rainwater Harvesting system
Water Use Rainwater Harvesting
• Popular • Not Innovation • Relatively low cost • Easy Implementation • On-site treatment • Local re-use
Water Use Rainwater Harvesting
• Applications:
–toilet flushing –water feature make-up –irrigation –cooling tower make-up
greywater
Water Use Greywater
• Used Water Sources: – Washbasins – Sinks, except kitchen – Showers – Baths – Washing machine rinse cycle – Condensate from Air Condition systems – Cooling Tower Blowdown
SEPARATE DUAL STACKS
Greywater
Water Use Greywater
• Precautions/Considerations – greywater may contain chlorine, sodium and
phosphorous from detergents – Untreated greywater cant be stored due to bacteria
growth – AVOID untreated direct application/human contact
Water Use
Greywater
• Potential Greywater Applications
• Actually depends on water treatment standard: – Toilet/Urinal flushing – Irrigation – Make-up for water feature – Make-up for cooling tower – Make-up water for Cleansing water
HKIA
Conservation
duration - IR sensor
lower flow rate
WSD WELS Water Efficiency Labelling Scheme
lower flow rate
Dual Flush WC water tap c/w infrared sensor
Urinal c/w infrared sensor
Case Study: ICAC Headquarters
Irrigation
Green = good?
Water Use Landscaping Irrigation
Plan/Consider the environmental impact:
–Watering demand –Species selection (native) –Irrigation System - Use alternate
Greywater / Rainwater water –Fertilizer –run off
Water Use Consider Species
• drought tolerant tree species: – Acacia baileyana (NSW provenance) – Acacia melanoxylon (Victorian provenance) – Casuarina cunninghamiana Brachychiton
acerifolia (Flame Tree very similar in appearance to the Delonix regia in HK)
– Eucalyptus camaldulensis (Inland provenance) – Eucalyptus citriodora Eucalyptus sideroxylon
(Inland provenance)
Traditional Sprinkler Leaking
Subterranean Irrigation
Water Use Legionella Assessment & Prevention
• Legionella is a waterborne bacteria that causes potentially fatal Legionnaires‘ disease, and flu-like illness called Pontiac Fever
• Present in nature, in lakes, rivers, stream, groundwater at low concentrations
• Given the right conditions, it can proliferate, and cause human infection
• Refer Hong Kong Code of Practice
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Water Use Examination
15% Framework + Innovation 25% SA Site Aspects 10% MA Materials Aspects 25% EU Energy Use 15% IEQ Indoor Environmental Quality 10% WU Water Use
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Thank you
Any Questions?
Water Use
T +852 3610 5700
F +852 3996 9108
www.beamsociety.org.hk
1/F Jockey Club Environmental Building,
77 Tat Chee Road, Kowloon, Hong Kong 香港九龍塘達之路77號賽馬會環保樓1樓
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For later questions, please email us: [email protected]
Water Use Keywords
• QWRS - Quality Water Recognition Scheme • 優質食水認可計劃 • WELS - Water Efficiency Labelling Scheme 用水效益標籤計劃
• HATS - Harbour Area Treatment Scheme 淨化海港計劃 • Legionella 退伍軍人病桿菌 • Potable Water Storage Tanks 食水缸 • Rainwater Harvesting 雨水收集 • Flushing Water / Sea Water 沖廁水 / 海水 • Greywater Irrigation 污水灌溉 • Periodic Inspection 定期檢查
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