John AdamsJohn Adams1796-18001796-1800

““The Last Federalist The Last Federalist Administration”Administration”

Focus Question: How did tensions Focus Question: How did tensions between the Federalists and between the Federalists and

Democratic Republicans increase Democratic Republicans increase during Adams’ Presidency?during Adams’ Presidency?

Election of 1796Election of 1796

Federalist John Adams Democratic-Republican T. Jefferson

VERSUS

Adams is Prez, Jefferson is Vice Adams is Prez, Jefferson is Vice PrezPrez

Electoral Votes:Electoral Votes:

Adams - - Adams - - 71 votes71 votes

Jefferson - - Jefferson - - 68 votes68 votes

The Constitution stated that the The Constitution stated that the runner up in the presidential runner up in the presidential election would be named election would be named vice president. vice president.

Based on what you know abut them, how well do you think Adams and

Jefferson will work together?

PM TRANSPARENCY

Progress Monitoring Transparency

Which area of the country voted for Adams?

Which area of the country voted for Jefferson?

What does this show us about America in 1796?

X, Y, Z AffairX, Y, Z AffairAdams sent US officials to France for a Adams sent US officials to France for a meeting with their foreign minister (Tallyrand)meeting with their foreign minister (Tallyrand)

French officials (X, Y, and Z) demanded the French officials (X, Y, and Z) demanded the US pay $250,000 to see Tallyrand in personUS pay $250,000 to see Tallyrand in person

Americans are MAD! The French tried to Americans are MAD! The French tried to bribe them!bribe them!

As a result, US-French tensions were at an As a result, US-French tensions were at an all-time high for two years all-time high for two years

Popular Phrase: “Millions for defense, not one cent for tribute”

“I think John Adams handled the XYZ affair all

wrong. As a Democratic-

Republican, I think the French are our

FRIENDS!”

Thomas Jefferson

“Oh yeah? Well I say you cannot criticize the U.S.

Government. And I’m the

President, so take that!!”

John Adams

The Alien and Sedition The Alien and Sedition Acts (1798)Acts (1798)

1.1. Alien ActsAlien Acts ~ allowed the president to arrest or ~ allowed the president to arrest or deport any immigrant who spoke out against the deport any immigrant who spoke out against the governmentgovernment

2.2. Sedition ActSedition Act ~ set fines and jail terms for ~ set fines and jail terms for anyone using false statements against the anyone using false statements against the governmentgovernment

SeditionSedition ~ encourage people to commit treason ~ encourage people to commit treason

What Constitutional Amendment did the Sedition Act violate?

But President Adams, you can’t do that! The Alien & Sedition Acts

clearly violate our first amendment

rights!!

Thomas Jefferson

Political Cartoons: Fighting Over the Sedition Act ANALYZE

The Virginia and Kentucky The Virginia and Kentucky ResolutionsResolutions

Jefferson and Madison Jefferson and Madison write these in response write these in response to the Alien and to the Alien and Sedition Acts Sedition Acts

Introduced the idea that Introduced the idea that states states have the power have the power to to nullify nullify federal laws federal laws they felt were they felt were unconstitutionalunconstitutional

Nullification – to reverse;

not enforce; void

Election of 1800Election of 1800““The REVOLUTION of 1800”The REVOLUTION of 1800”

Federalist John AdamsDemocratic-Republican T. Jefferson

VERSUS

Significance: Shows a peaceful transfer of power between political parties (Federalist to Democratic-Republican)

The Election of 1800The Election of 1800Jefferson and his Jefferson and his running mate running mate Aaron Aaron Burr Burr are tied-oops!are tied-oops!

Speaker of the House Speaker of the House of Representatives of Representatives Alexander Hamilton Alexander Hamilton decides that Jefferson decides that Jefferson will be Presidentwill be President

Election of 1800 results in . . . Election of 1800 results in . . .

. . . 12. . . 12thth Amendment! Amendment!Presidents and Vice Presidents run on Presidents and Vice Presidents run on

the same ticket (ex: Obama/Biden or the same ticket (ex: Obama/Biden or McCain/Palin)McCain/Palin)

Now, the 2Now, the 2ndnd place finisher does not get place finisher does not get to be VP!to be VP!

Aaron Burr challenges Alexander Hamilton to a duel after the Election. Burr kills Hamilton in a duel in

1804.

Midnight JudgesMidnight Judges

On the night before he leaves office, On the night before he leaves office, John Adams appoints several John Adams appoints several

Federalist JudgesFederalist Judges

Why would Adams do this?

Marbury v. Madison Part IMarbury v. Madison Part I

Who: Who: William Marbury was supposed to William Marbury was supposed to be appointed as one of the Federalist be appointed as one of the Federalist Judges. James Madison (new secretary Judges. James Madison (new secretary of state) refuses to deliver the papers. of state) refuses to deliver the papers. John Marshall (Chief Justice of Supreme John Marshall (Chief Justice of Supreme Court) decides the case.Court) decides the case.

What: What: Marbury sues Madison—saying he Marbury sues Madison—saying he should become a judge.should become a judge.

When: When: 18031803

Marbury v. Madison Part IIMarbury v. Madison Part II

Decision?: Chief Justice Marshall & the Decision?: Chief Justice Marshall & the Supreme Court rule that Adams’ actions Supreme Court rule that Adams’ actions were unconstitutional. Marbury is not were unconstitutional. Marbury is not appointed as a judge.appointed as a judge.

Importance?: Increases the power of the Importance?: Increases the power of the Supreme Court- they have the ability to Supreme Court- they have the ability to declare an act unconstitutional. declare an act unconstitutional. ESTABLISHES THE PRECEDENT OF ESTABLISHES THE PRECEDENT OF JUDICIAL REVIEW!!JUDICIAL REVIEW!!

In your groups:In your groups:Choose a group of 3 students. Select a topic at random (Election of 1796, Choose a group of 3 students. Select a topic at random (Election of 1796, XYZ Affair, Alien & Sedition Acts, Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions, XYZ Affair, Alien & Sedition Acts, Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions, Election of 1800, Midnight Judges).Election of 1800, Midnight Judges).

Create a song (can be rap, country, rock, children’s song, whatever you want!) Create a song (can be rap, country, rock, children’s song, whatever you want!) explaining your specific event. Song must have explaining your specific event. Song must have at least 10 lines at least 10 lines and and must must fully describe the event.fully describe the event.

Don’t forget to give your song a title!Don’t forget to give your song a title!

Ready by 10:25Ready by 10:25

Class Work Grade~ Write all group members’ Class Work Grade~ Write all group members’ names!names!

Stuck? Check your notes or textbook pages 194-Stuck? Check your notes or textbook pages 194-198 for details on your topic198 for details on your topic

The Hottest New History CD The Hottest New History CD

Tracks Include:Tracks Include:

Wrap Up QuestionWrap Up Question

Why was the Election of 1800 Why was the Election of 1800 significant (important)? 2-3 significant (important)? 2-3 sentences.sentences.