JOHN WYCLIF DE SCIENTIA DEI

AUCTORES BRITANNICI MEDII AEVI • 30

JOHN WYCLIF

DE SCIENTIA DEI

Edited by

LUIGI CAMPI

Published for THE BRITISH ACADEMY

by OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS

Oxford University Press, Great Clarendon Street, Oxford ox2 6dp

© The British Academy 2017Database right The British Academy (maker)

First edition published in 2017

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ISBN 978–0–19–726620–5

A mia figlia, Teresa

CONTENTS

Acknowledgements ixIntroduction xi 1. The Place of the De scientia Dei in the Summa de ente xi 1.1. The Title of the Summa de ente xii 1.2. The Summa de ente as an Editorial Project xiii 1.2.1. Authorship xv 1.2.2. Structure xvi 1.2.3. Editorial Process xix 1.2.4. Some Chronological Notes on the Summa de ente xx 1.3. Cross-references xxii 1.4. Sources xxxvi 1.4.1. Augustine xxxvii 1.4.2. Aristotle xxxix 1.4.3. Thomas Aquinas xli 1.4.4. Thomas Bradwardine xlii 1.4.5. Other Sources xliii 1.4.6. Biblical Books xlviii 1.5. Dating of the De scientia Dei xlix 1.5.1. Some Chronological Corollaries lvii 2. The Manuscript Tradition and Editorial Principles lxiv 2.1. Manuscripts lxiv 2.2. Quality of the Manuscripts and their Relationship lxix 2.2.1. P and C1 lxx 2.2.2. The Whole Tradition lxxviii 2.3. Jan Hus’s Textual Borrowings lxxxiii 2.4. Criteria for the Edition lxxxvi 3. Presentation of the Text lxxxvii 4. The Main Themes of John Wyclif ’s De scientia Dei xc 4.1. Structure and Contents of the De scientia Dei xc 4.2. Theoretical Framework xci 4.3. God’s Knowledge as Divine Attribute xciii 4.4. God’s Knowledge as a Relation of Reason xcv 4.5. God’s Knowledge of Creatures in their Intelligible Being xcix 4.6. God’s Knowledge of Creatures in their Actual Existence xcxi

4.7. God’s Knowledge and Understanding: a Double Distinction ciii

4.8. God’s Practical and Speculative Knowledge cv 4.9. Anti-Deterministic Arguments cviii 4.10. God’s Knowledge of Future Contingents cxii 4.10.1. Bradwardine’s View cxiii 4.10.2. The Immutability and Determinateness of

God’s Knowledge cxvi 4.10.3. God’s Knowledge and Will cxviii 4.11. Soteriology cxxiii 4.11.1. God’s Prevenient Grace cxxv 4.11.2. Merit, Rewards and Punishments cxxvi 4.11.3. God’s Cooperation with Human Agents cxxviii 4.11.4. Predestination on Account of Foreknowledge cxxxii 5. Bibliography cxxxv

DE SCIENTIA DEI

Capitulum Primum 1Capitulum Secundum 13Capitulum Tercium 22Capitulum Quartum 33Capitulum Quintum 44Capitulum Sextum 51Capitulum Septimum 88Capitulum Octavum 99Capitulum Nonum 109Capitulum Decimum 113Capitulum Undecimum 125Capitulum Duodecimum 137

Index Locorum Scripturarum 149Index Auctorum 151Index Nominum 158Index Rerum Potiorum 160

viii CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This volume originates from my doctoral dissertation, defended at the Università degli Studi di Salerno in 2011. My heartfelt gratitude is to my supervisor, Alessandro D. Conti, who has always encouraged my research and generously helped me, from my doctorate onward, with his sharp philosophical and philological skills in our long, friendly and stimulating conversations. I also wish to thank the director of my doctoral program, Giulio d’Onofrio, for ensuring such excellent working conditions for me.

My interest in Wyclif began in 2004 at the Università degli Studi di Milano, thanks to a fascinating course given by my first teacher, Stefano Simonetta, to whom I am profoundly grateful for having awakened my interest in the study of medieval philosophy, and for having advised me with great care and a sense of humour in all my steps in this field ever since. A substantial revision of my dissertation towards its publication was carried out during my postdoctoral fellowship at the Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale (Vercelli) from 2012 to 2014, under the direction of Luca Bianchi. To him I have a special debt of gratitude, as I have learnt and continue to learn much from him concerning textual and doctrinal traditions, institutional contexts and intellectual history. I also thank the Board of Directors of ‘Chimaera – Centro Studi Maria Elena Reina’ for their support of my postdoctoral research at Vercelli and the English-language correction of this volume. The revision of this edition absorbed much of my energy during my postdoctoral fellowship at the Università degli Studi di Torino in 2015: I thank Pietro B. Rossi for his precious editorial suggestions and benevolence.

After the volume was accepted in this series, I could count on the invaluable help of Cecilia Trifogli, whose extremely clever readings of this volume enabled me significantly to improve it. I would like to thank John Marenbon for his critical remarks and suggestions in the final stages of the writing of the introduction.

Over the years I have attended to this edition, I benefited from the assistance of many colleagues and friends. I wish to thank in particular Anne Hudson, for having abundantly shared her knowledge of Wyclif with me since my first stay in Oxford, in 2009; I also owe my gratitude to Giovanni Paolo Maggioni, who has been always ready to help me with philological puzzles.

I have too many reasons to thank my wife, Piki. Without her presence in my life and her patience, this book would not have seen the light of the day.

Luigi CampiUniversità degli Studi di Milano

x ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS