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Joint NASA/USDA Workshop on Agricultural Decision Support
System
Carbon Management
William Hohenstein
USDA Global Change Program Office
March 4, 2003
Overview of key elements of the Administration Climate Change plan
Sets a goal of 18% improvement in GHG efficiency Roughly a reduction of 100 million tons of carbon
Incentives for carbon sequestration Enhance conservation programs Identify new targeted incentives Promote private sector investments
Transferrable credits for real reductions Substantially improve the GHG reduction registry Offers transferable credits for real reductions Create agreements with businesses and sectors
Invest in new technologies; and
Improve our scientific understanding
Improved access to remote information could support carbon management priorities
Targeted incentives for carbon sequestration
New accounting rules and guidelines
National inventories of greenhouse gas fluxes from forest and agricultural lands
Bilateral climate change agreements
Mechanisms
Climate Change Technology Program
Climate Change Science Program
The President directed Secretary Veneman to:
Provide recommendations on targeted incentives for forest and agricultural sequestration of greenhouse gases
The Secretary has broad discretion in identifying “targeted incentives”
Incorporating GHG considerations in implementing Conservation Programs
Outreach and technical assistance Guidance to states Market-based pilots and programs that directly target
greenhouse gas offsets Promoting and leverage private sector financing of
greenhouse gas offsets Measure and assess performance
The President directed Secretary Veneman to:
Develop accounting rules and guidelines for crediting carbon sequestration projects, in consultation with DOE and EPA
Issues for USDA in developing accounting rules and guidelines
Methodologies
Defaults
Site measurements
Models
Types of actions eligible
Level of reporting
Baselines
Duration of credits (accounting for potential emissions in the future)
2
1
4
3
6
9875
1011
12
Stratification: divide area into zones of similar vegetation structure to reduce the variance of the field sample estimates
Common Elements of Project Monitoring
Sampling: use a combination of remote sensing and ground measurement
Estimation: use appropriate statistical methods to estimate carbon stocks and stock changes
Nowak 2000
GuidelinesForms and Software
Technical Workshops – Jan 2003
Post-workshop comments – Feb 2003
Develop draft accounting rules and guidelines – Jan – July 2003
Interagency review of draft accounting rules and guidelines – Aug 2003
Revise draft accounting rules and guidelines – Sept. 2003
Public comment on draft guidelines – Oct – Nov 2003
Issue revised accounting rules and guidelines based on comments – Jan 2004
Jan 04
Initiate work on forms – July 2003
Draft forms – Sept 2003
Government review of draft forms – Oct 2003
Revise draft forms – Nov 2003
Propose draft forms for public comment – Dec 2003
Develop and test software – Nov 2003 – June 2004
OMB review of reporting forms – April 2004
Final forms and software June 2004June 04
Timeline for Preparation of Forestry and Agriculture Accounting Rules and Guidelines
Jan 03
1999 Contribution to U.S. Emissions of Greenhouse Gases from Agriculture and Forests
Fossil Fuel CO2
81%
Ag. N2O 5%
Ag. CH4 2%
Other
CO 2
2%
Other
N 2O
2%
Other
CH 4
7 %
HFC’s, P
FC’s, S
F 6 2
%
Total Emissions: 1840.4 MMTCE
Forests
70%
Wood
products
22%
Carbon Sequestration: 270.2 MMTCE
Ag soils 8%
Inventory Sample Design
Phase One – Remote Sensing to Stratify Forest Area
3,000,000 forest sample points, each equals 100 ha
Phase Two – Ground Sampling of Forest Attributes
120,000 forest sample points, each equals 2200 ha
Phase Three – Forest Health Monitoring
4,500 forest sample points, each equals 38,500 ha
Ownership of Carbon Stocks on U.S. Forest Land, 1997
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Nonindustrial private
Forest industry
Other public
National forest
Billion metric tons
Carbon Stock Changes on U.S. Forest Land by Owner Group, 1987-1997(U.S. Total = 190 MMT/yr)
-50 0 50 100 150 200
Million metric tons per year
Nonindustrial private
Forest industry
Other public
National forest
Committee on Climate Change Science and Technology IntegrationChair: Secretary of Commerce,* Vice Chair: Secretary of Energy*
Executive Director: OSTP DirectorSecretary of State Secretary of the InteriorSecretary of Agriculture Secretary of HHSEPA Administrator Secretary of TransportationOMB Director Secretary of DefenseNEC Director CEQ ChairmanNASA Administrator NSF Director
Climate Change Science Program OfficeDirector: DR. James Mahoney
Membership:, DOC, DOE, DOS, DOI, USDA, HHS,
EPA,OMB,NASA, NSF, DOD, OSTP, Smithsonian
Climate Change Technology Program
Department of Energy
NCCTI Member working group
Combined NSC, DPC, NEC Climate Change Policy Panel(Program Review)
Interagency Working Group on Climate Change Science and Technology
Chair: Deputy/Under Secretary of DOE,* Vice Chair: Deputy/Under Secretary of DOC*
Secretary: OSTP AD for Science Members DS/US Level:
DOS, DOT, DOI, USDA, HHS, DOD, EPA, CEQ, NEC, OMB, NASA, NSF
Science and Technology Management Structure
*Chair and Vice Chair of committee and working group rotate annually
Climate Change Technology Initiative Improved management practices Precision agriculture – e.g. application
of fertilizer, nutrient management, water management
Measurement and estimation technologies
Global Change Research Program and Climate Change Research Technology
Development of new 10-year strategic plan Carbon cycle Water cycle Ecosystems Land use and land cover change
Decision support Scenario development Observation systems
State Department pursuing bilateral
agreements with 14 countries
Australia Brazil Canada China CONCAUSA (Central
American Countries) European Union India
Italy Japan Korea Mexico New Zealand Russia South Africa Ukraine (on hold)