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JOINT OPERATIONS
JOINT OPERATIONS
Bottom Line on Joint Operations
The USAF doesn’t operate alone. It takes all military services working together to
successfully execute & win America’s wars
Failed Hostage Rescue Video
• The World Situation• Define Joint Operations• History of Joint Warfare• Joint Doctrine• Range of Operations• Types of Joint Operations• Joint Warfare Values
Overview
• Regional instability
• WMD proliferation
• Transnational threats: ethnic/economic/health/crime
• Military operations tempo
• Force structure
• Defense budget
World Situation
History of Joint Operations
• Joint Warfare
• Joint Doctrine
• 1781: Battle of Yorktown– French Naval Blockade– American Ground Forces
Washington
Lord Cornwallis
Lafayette
Joint Warfare
Joint Warfare
• 1863: Battle of Vicksburg– Control of the Mississippi
River– Teamwork: Navy,
Marine, and Army Assault
– 45 Day Siege
Joint Warfare
• 1944: Operation Overlord– Air Superiority– Sea Superiority– Special Operations
• Operation Overlord (cont’d)– Leadership
• Eisenhower– Complete autonomy– 6,000 ships, 13,000 aircraft, 250,000
personnel from all branches• Von Runstedt
– No autonomy– No control over armor, air defense, or
coastal artillery
Joint Warfare
Joint Warfare
• Desert Storm– Principles of War– Included air, land, sea forces
Joint Warfare
“You may fly over a land forever; you may bomb it, atomize it, pulverize it and wipe it clean of life—but if you desire to defend it, protect it, and keep it for civilization, you must do this on the ground, the way the Roman legions did, by putting your young men into the mud.”
~ T. R. Fehrenbach, This Kind of War
Joint Warfare
• Afghanistan—ENDURING FREEDOM– A new kind of warfare—Network-centric– US Special Forces “composite” teams
• National Security Act of 1947—Created:– Department of Defense
• Secretary of Defense• Joint Chiefs of Staff• Unified & Specified
Commands– National Security
Council– Central Intelligence
Agency
Joint Doctrine
Joint Doctrine
• Reorganization Act of 1958– Defined the chain of command from the President
to the services• President>SecDef>Unified CC>Component CC
– Unified Commands increased their operational control (OPCON) of resources
• Goldwater-Nichols Reorganization Act of 1986– Strengthened role of Chairman of the
Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS)• CJCS became principal military advisor
to the President and SecDef– Mandated Doctrine
• Provides a common perspective from which to plan and operate
• Shapes the way we think and train for war
• Not a checklist that will guarantee military victory
Joint Doctrine
• Goldwater-Nichols Act (cont’d)– Required officers to serve in a joint billet before
promotion to flag rank– Two separate branches in the military chain of
command• Operational• Administrative
Joint Doctrine
*CJCS has no operational control
CJCS*
Unified Combatant Commander
Components
President
Secretary of Defense
Military Departments
Operational Administrative
Forces (not assigned to Combatant Commander)
Joint Organization
• Goldwater-Nichols Act (cont’d)– Operational
• Unified combatant commander in charge of all services/components
• Component commanders responsible for their piece• Sometimes difficult to determine which service to use at
a particular time and place
Joint Doctrine
• Goldwater-Nichols Act (cont’d)– Administrative
• Military departments responsible for all personnel within their service not assigned to the combatant commander
• Separate and distinct from the branch that contains the operational command
Joint Doctrine
Operational Branch
Land Maritime Air Special Ops
SimpleChain
President
Secretary of Defense
Unified Commander/Joint Forces Commander
The Joint Campaign
• Objective– Usually set by the President and Secretary of
Defense– Unified Combatant Commander decides best way
to accomplish objective
The Joint Campaign
• Military Strengths– Each service brings unique strengths and
weaknesses to the joint environment
Navy
Conducts prompt and sustained operations at and from the sea
Conducts amphibious landings and ground
operations
Marine Corps
Army
Conducts prompt and sustained land combat operations
Uses air and space power to exploit the
aerospace environment
Air Force
The difficult task is determining which service to use at a particular time and place because each service brings unique strengths and weaknesses to the joint environment.
Joint Campaign
• Joint Shopping List– Strategic Strike Capability
• Air Force > Navy > Army and Marine Corps*– Guerrilla/Urban Warfare
• Army > Marine Corps > Air Force and Navy*– Forced Entry
• Marine Corps > Army > Air Force and Navy*– Control Ground
• Army > Marine Corps > Navy and Air Force*
* Services listed from most likely to least likely
Joint Campaign
How We Fight Video
Military Engagement, Security Cooperation, and Deterrence
Crisis Response and Contingency Operations
Range of Military Operations
Major Operations and Campaigns
Scale of Operations
Natural Part of War
Escalation Desert Shield
De-EscalationNorthern and Southern Watch
Crisis response/Engagement/Major operation/Deterrence/Contingency
TIME
Types of Operations
• Arms Control and Disarmament• Combating Terrorism• Counterdrug Operations• Enforcement of Sanctions• Freedom of Navigation
Types of Operations (cont’d)
• Nation Assistance• Protection of Shipping • Show of Force• Support to Insurgency• Noncombat Evacuation Operation
Types of Operations (cont’d)
• Peace Operations• Foreign Humanitarian Assistance• Recovery Operations• Consequence Management• Strikes and Raids
• Support to Homeland Security• Major Combat Operations
– Offensive– Defensive– Stability
Types of Operations (cont’d)
• Integrity– Say what you mean &do what you say
• Competence– Those you lead deserve no less
• Physical Courage– You never know when…
• Moral Courage– Always do what is right
• Teamwork– Essential to Joint Operations
Joint Force Values
• The World Situation• Define Joint Operations• History of Joint Warfare• Joint Doctrine• Range of Operations• Types of Joint Operations• Joint Warfare Values
Summary
Tomorrow…
KOSOVODAGESTAN
TAIWAN
SUDANNIGERIA
INDIAALGERIA
VENEZUELACOLOMBIA
ECUADOR
LIBERIA
WEST BANK
ERITHEA
CHINAPAKISTAN
EAST TIMOR
HURRICANE RELIEF
SRI LANKA
YEMEN
ZIMBABWE
AFGHANISTAN
Where will you be?
Questions?
