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Joint work:Yuezhi Zhou, Yaoxue Zhang, Tsinghua Uni
versity, ChinaYinglian Xie, Carnegie Mellon University
Virtual Disk based Centralized Management for Enterprise Networks
Challenge of Enterprise Systems
• Management of enterprise network systems based on PCs is still a big challenge:– PC: Full function desktop computer with
native software and data
– Software maintenance
– SecurityBecome more complicated with diverse types of OSes and applications coexisting !
Educational Classrooms
1 Every machine has to be installed with OSes and applications2 System states must be cleaned for each next class
Military Environments
1 Devices can access software and data only in a limited physical area2 No software or data can be carried outside the network boundary
Failed!!!Failed!!!
Existing Management Tools
• Automatically pushing installation images and patches– Examples: Marimba, Ghost
• Difficult to maintain consistency across machines– Vulnerable to errors or attacks due to the existence of
local data– Out of centralized control
Failed
Why Centralized Management
• Distributed diskless thick clients, yet centralized repositories of all software and data– Reduced software maintenance time– Enhanced security– Availability – Heterogeneous OS and application support– Easy software migration– Easy data backup and recovery
Why Not Thin Clients
• Performance– Poor scalability due to centralized
computing– Not appropriate for CPU/memory
intensive applications
• Cost– Need powerful server– Can not leverage the cheap and powerful
computing resources of clients
TransCom System Overview
Delivery network
TransCom Clients
…
…
TransCom Clients
Software repositories Data repositories
Servers Servers
Client: bare-hardware like computing platformSever: Regular desktop computersConnected by Ethernet
One such server can support 30-50 clients
Virtual Disk Concept
• Simulate traditional disks, with disk images holding the actual contents on the server
• Support heterogeneous OSes and applications transparently
Boot, Sharing, and Isolation
• Remote OS boot– Launch BIOS-enabled Vdisk access funct
ion first (replace INT 13H)
– Load OS, as if with regular hard disks
• Vdisk sharing, isolation, and recovery– Use different types of Vdisk
– Copy On Write (COW) for system image protection and recovery
Implementation and Deployment
Before AfterMaintenance time 4-8 hours per
week30 minutes per week
Availability 4-8 hours service down time every Thursday
No service interruption
Security Virus found, physical theft
No virus and worms found, no physical theft
Location: Central South University of Forestry & Technology in ChinaUsage: e-learning classroom for online EnglishDuration time: from May 2005 to July 2006 Numbers of clients: 30
Implementation: prototype system supporting Windows & Linux
Testbed Performance
• Compared with regular PC– One client case is better – Ten clients case is comparable
• Compared with thin-client systems (e.g., Citrix, RDP, and VNC)– Application performance (slow-motion, one client)
• Web browsing: reduce access latency 2-3 times• Video playback quality: improve 2-20 times
– Scalability (i-bench, synchronously)• Achieve almost constant latency as opposed to the thin-client
systems where latency grows linearly
Related Work
• Network computers– Proposed by Oracle, Sun, IBM, Apple, etc.– Can not support commodity OS and applications
• Thin-client systems– Sun Ray 1 [Sun Micro], RDP [Microsoft], ICA [Citrix] – Centralized computing and storage, need high-end servers
• Networked file systems– NFS [Sandberg, 1985] & AFS [Howard, 1988]– Can share user data; hard to share heterogeneous OSes
• Virtual machine based approaches– Collective [Chandra, 2005], ISR [Kozuch, 2004] and SoulPad [Cac
eres, 2005]– Can not achieve native performance
Summary and Future Work
• Centralizing both software and data reduces the management complexity of enterprise networks
• An example prototype: TransCom– Reduce maintenance time and effort– Achieve similar performance to PCs
• Future work– Support more types of OSes and devices– Optimize performance
Thanks!