Joints of the Human Body

Joints

• Joints are the ________________(or articulations) between _________connected bones.

• Joints _______________________________________________________.

3 Types of Joints(Functional Classification)

1.

2.

3.

Fibrous- immovable jointsFibrous Joints –

Example :

2. Semi-movable jointsa. Ligamentous –

Example :

2. Cartilaginous semi-movable joints

• b. Cartilaginous -

• Example :

3. Synovial – freely movable joints

Synovial -

Types of Synovial Joints

Ball-and-socket joint

Hinge joint

Saddle joint

Gliding joint

Pivot joint

Ellipsoid joint

Joints in the Skeleton

Synovial Joints

1.Gliding (arthrodial)

2. Hinge (ginglymus)

3. Pivot (trochoid)

4.Ellipsoid

5. Saddle

6. Ball & Socket

Related Joint Structures• Ligaments

• Fibrocartilage– Occupies the space between ________________

______________and can take on many sizes and shapes

– Is __________ and are know as disks (e.g. those between the vertebrae of the spine), while others are flat or circular in shape (e.g. knee)

– Is resilient and functions as the shock absorber– Not blood supply of its own and relies on synovial fluid

for nourishment

• Synovial Membrane– A thin tissue that surrounds most freely moving joints– Membrane secretes synovial fluid which provides

nourishment for cartilaginous disks, lubrication, and hydrostatic cushioning

• Joint Capsule

• Bursae • Others (found in some joints): articular discs,

fibrocartilaginous labra, meniscus and intracapsular tendons

Examples of opposing muscles and muscle groups

AGONIST (Prime Mover)

ANTAGONIST

Elbow flexion Biceps brachiiBiceps brachii Triceps brachiiTriceps brachiiShoulder abduction

Medial shoulder rotationKnee extension

Wrist flexion

Dorsi flexion

Trunk flexion

Hip flexion