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Copyright Linux International 2009
Open Telephony: Freedom Greater Than A Sum Of Its Parts
ByJon “maddog” HallLinux International
Copyright Linux International 2009
Just For Fun
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WGjzm6hzXaA
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Needed For Telephony: Then
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Needed For Telephony: Then
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Needed For Telephony Later...
Copyright Linux International 2009
Needed For Telephony Later...
Copyright Linux International 2009
Needed For Telephony Later...
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The “Telephone Company”
● Not a total monopoly....but almost● They owned everything
– The phones– The telephone lines– The switching equipment– The long distance lines– The employees– You
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Along The Way:Trouble In River City
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And Even More Trouble
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And Lots Of Trouble
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Choice....
....but no control● Choose long distance carrier● Choose handset● Choose cellphone carrier● Choose PBX supplier
but you could not open any box
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Then One Day.......SIP Happens!
● VoIP!● Talking over the Internet!
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VoIP
● IP – already digital, packet switched network
● VoIP – transform voice to digital packets and transmit them via IP
● Quality of Service (QoS)– packet
● loss● delay● re-transmission
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Types of VoIP
● Direct– Hardware VoIP phone to other VoIP device– Software VoIP phone to other VoIP device
● Indirect– VoIP device to PBX “server”
● PBX provides services and/or converts to POTS
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And More Phones Appeared...
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But They Were Still Closed
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There Were A Few Softphones
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Even Some Of Them Were Closed....
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What Is WRONG With “Closed”?
● Supplier goes out of business● Supplier “loses interest”
– Retires product line– Merges products
● Bug fxes - “Its really a computer”!● Upgrades● Migrating data from one phone to
another
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Choice, But Only Their Choices
● Upgrading hardware may mean software change
● May have to pay for ISP you do not use● Limited number of plans● No real freedom
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PBX
● Large companies used lots of telephone lines to CO– 10 to 1 rule
● 2000 employees, 200 talking on phone
– lots of calls inside business
● Switchboard “CO” inside of business– Few lines to outside
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Services
● Digital switching ofered services– Voice mail– Caller ID– Call forwarding– etc.
● Ofered by CO – Centrex● Ofered by in-house PBX
All of this is POTS – Plain Old Telephone Service
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Dialing Plan
“Please Dial 9.....”
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For a Long Time:Closed, Proprietary, EXPENSIVE
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Then, A Major Step Forward!
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Open PBX:Asterisk
● Open Source Software– Runs on Linux, BSD, etc.– Allows better integration to company
software
● Support of diferent hardware interfaces (T1, E1, FXO/FXS, more)
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Open PBX:Asterisk (Cont.)
● PBX (including long distance Gateway)
● Call Parking/Forwarding/Waiting, etc.
● Music to hold by
● Voicemail Services with Directory
● Conferencing Server
● Packet Voice Server
● Encryption of Telephone of Fax Calls
● Custom Interactive Voice Response
● Number Translation
● VoIP with diferent protocols (H.323, SIP, IAX, etc.)
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Scenarios
● “Free” portals to other countries● Saving money calling from other
countries● One customer, ten salespeople● Blending of Telephony and “rest of IT”
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Advantages: Not Just Saving Money
● Avoid “Fork Lift Upgrades”● Better integration to rest of systems
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Mexico City
“Senior Hall, I have done it!”
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Open Source As Solutions:Additional Advantages
● Less reliance on one vendor● Less reliance on ANY vendor● Distributed risk
– low cost allows more redundancy
● Lower cost hardware● Standard hardware
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Intermixing of Technologies
● Now it is all “IP”– Audio– Video– Metadata
● Mixing “data” and “control”
What if we did not use telephony to bring communications.....
Copyright Linux International 2009
Intermixing of Technologies
● Now it is all “IP”– Audio– Video– Metadata
● Mixing “data” and “control”
What if we did not use telephony to bring communications.....
..what if the phone was really a computer?
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What If The Handset Was Really Open?
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What Does It Mean For Hardware To Be “Open”?
● Published APIs to the hardware● Published CAD drawings for case● Published schematics and component
layout for the Printed Circuit Board● Open development forums
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Control = Choice
● Choice of operating system– Qt Extended– OpenMoko (OM)– Debian– Android– Others
● Choice of transmission– GSM– WiFi
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Control (Cont.)
● Choice of Carrier● Choice of ISP● Choice of Services● Choice of Support● Choice of PBX services● Choice of when to upgrade● Future choice of handset designs
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Beware “Partially Open”
● Does the software have to be “signed”?● Is the carrier “locked”?● Unlock the phone?
– Will you get updates?– Will you get security patches?
● Does the vendor limit the applications?– Remove WiFi clients?– Remove other applications?– Not publish all the source code?
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Sometimes...
“It is better to be completely closed than partially open...”
- Jon “maddog” Hall, 1995
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Control
From Handset to Datacenter
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Sources Of Information:Companies
● Digium - www.digium.com● Openmoko - www.openmoko.org● Koolu - www.koolu.com● Videos - http://www.youtube.com/user/openkoolu
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Questions?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9dVch2nSuBA