Jonathan GillisSummer 2009

Need: Osteoporosis

< http://www.empowereddoctor.com/library/photo/osteoporosis.jpg >

Need: Space Flight

< http://www.nasaimages.org >

Long Bone

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Ossification: Cellular Level

< http://www.engin.umich.edu/class/bme456/bonephys/surfremod1.gif >

Bone Remodeling

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Judex et al, 2003; Combining High-resolution Micro-computed Tomography with Material Composition to Define the Quality of Bone Tissue

All Figures are Directly Scanned from Journal Articles

dual energy X-ray absorptiometry figure specifically taken from Kowalchek et al, 1998

Judex et al, 2007; “Low-magnitude Mechanical Signals that Stimulate Bone Formation in the Ovariectomized Rat are Dependent on the Applied Frequency but not on the Strain Magnitude”

All Figures are Directly Scanned from Journal Article

Ward et al, 2004; Low Magnitude Mechanical Loading is Osteogenic in Children with Disabling Conditions

All Figures are Directly Scanned from Journal Article

Ward et al, 2004; Low Magnitude Mechanical Loading is Osteogenic in Children with Disabling Conditions - Continued

All Figures are Directly Scanned from Journal Article

Rubin et al, 2007; “Adipogenesis is inhibited by brief, daily exposure to high-frequency, extremely low-magnitude mechanical signals”

All Figures are Directly Scanned from Journal Article

Adipose TissueLiver Tissue

Purpose

To find ways of maximizing the anabolic activity of mechanical signals not only to prevent osteoporosis but also to inhibit fat production

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applied frequency but no on the strain magnitude." Journal of Biomechanics 40 (2007): 1333-339. Judex, Stefan, Nan Zhong, Maria E. Squire, Kenny Ye, Leah-Rea Donahue, Michael Hadjiargyrou, and Clinton Rubin. "Mechanical Modulation of Molecular Signals Which

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Disabling Conditions." Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 19 (2004): 360-69.