Jose Chung's The Bridge to Meta Release

8/10/2019 Jose Chung's The Bridge to Meta Release

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Idliketothank Kensukeforsettingusupperfectly.

SomepeoplethoughtweconspiredtomakeittwoXfileslecturesinarow,butno. EvenifKensukehadntpicked

TheXFilesforhistalk, Iwasstillgoingtomakeyou

watchJoseChungandIwasstillgoingtogivethisexact

sametalk. Thatshowimportantitistome.

So,firstthoughts.

Whatistruth,whenmostofyourinformationaboutthe


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worldcomesfromanarticficalmedia? Canyou

stillacceptthatseeingisbelieving Youve

neverseenanalienoramonsteroravampire.

But

then,

have

you

ever

actually

seen

a

giraffe?

OraPanda? Oranucleardetonation?


4/120

TherewasatimewhentheTVtoldyouasimple

message:Trust

the

patriarchy,

trust

the

financial

system,

trustthegovernmentandyourGodofchoice. Every

stationsignedoffwiththenationalanthemandfootage

ofawavingflag.

Andthen,thattimeended.


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Arewealone? Andwhatdoesthatmean,tobealone?


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So,Imgoingtogoveryquicklythroughthisintroductory

material.Scholars

spend

whole

lifetimes

studying

what

Imgoingtoglossoverinjustafewseconds. Sothere

aregreatresourcesoutthereifyouwanttolearnabout

whatImabouttobutcher.

Dontworryabuutthedetails,justgetafeelforthree

basicconcepts.


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Modernismisthemovementwereallmost

familiarwith,itsstillwithustodayanditis

probablystillthepredominantforceinour

culturesinceWorldWar2.

Postmodernism isanindictmentofModernism

whichisstillgrowinginpopularity.

PostPostmodernismsarethenewestaddition,

oneofwhichistermedMetamodernism.


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Modernismincludedanavetrustofestablishment

heroes,who

invariably

are

affluent

white

Christian

men

whofoughtCommunism.


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IntherealmofModernism,youhadsincerecertainty

aboutwho

was

your

enemy

was.

In

the

mid

20th

century,Americasvillainsalmostseemdrawnfrom

fictionratherthanhistory.


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TheNaveSincerityofModernismwasreflectedinthe

quintessentialart

form

of

television,

the

Sitcom.

The

sitcomsofthe50sand60srequirednoparticular

premisebeyondafamily. Asusual,thesewerenuclear

familiesofhappy,successfulwhiteAmericans.

Thishappynaivetyofthiseraoftelevision,andits

subsequentrejection,iscapturedbyaquotefromThe

Matrix: ThefirstMatrixwasdesignedtobeaperfect


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humanworld?Wherenonesuffered,where

everyonewouldbehappy. Theperfectworld

wasadreamthatyourprimitivecerebrumkept

tryingtowakeupfrom. Andwakeuptheydid.


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Startinginthemid1960s,weseethebeginningsofa

searchfor

something

new

and

different.

A

show

about

a

familyisnotlongerenough. TVbecomesdelugedwith

highconceptsitcomswithfaroutpremises. Ahillbilly

family,acavemanfamily,oranastronautfamily,a

futuristicfamily

or

even

amonster

family.

A

witch

for

a

wife,oragenie. Peoplearehungryforsomethingnew

anddifferent,andsoTVdeliversthefantastical.


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Butwhatsconstantisthatourprotagonistsarenavelawfulgoodheroeswhoarealways

optimisticastheyarefeaturedinencapsulated

storiesofasingleconsistentgenrethatserves

onlytoamuse.


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Butofcourse,theglowingboxinthelivingroomdidnt

justshow

sitcoms.

It

also

showed

them

the

news.

It

showedpeoplearealitytheyhadneverknownbefore.


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Itshowedthemassassinationswhichsplittheworld

alongfault

lines

of

paranoia.

The

glowing

box

showed

themmassacresbyAmericanheroesandbetrayalsby

Americanleaders. Itshowedthemthattheirutopiahad

failed. Americahadbecomecorruptandunjust.

Perhapsit

always

had

been.

NooneknewwhokilledKennedy,buthugefractionsof

thepublicdoubtedthegovernmentsexplanation.


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Modernismpromisedthatprogresswouldbringaunifiedworldview,buthere,thewholenation

wassplitaboutwhathappenedonedayin

Dallas.

Andthehitskeptoncoming. MartinLuther

Kingwasassassinated. Yearslater,thefamily

stillblamestheUSgovernment, whichHAD

earliertriedtokillKingbyblackmailinghimintosuicide. Americanprotestorsscreamed

epithetsatAmericantroops. Americantroops

engagedinmassacres. Americanleaders

becamecriminals.


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Everythinghadchanged.


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AftertheSecondWorldWar,peopletrustedtheir

government.Trust

in

government

peaked

at

76

percent

in1964theyearoftheTonkinGulfResolution. By

1980,thatnumberwasdownto25percent.Afterabrief

rebound,trusthitnewlowsinthemid90s.

Thisisahugeshiftinpublicperception. Anationwhere

morethatofthenationtrustedgovernmentin64lost

trustinthegovernment. Injust16years,onlypeople


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trustthe

government.

In

less

than

two

decades,halfthenationlosttheirtrustof

government.


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TelevisionreflectedthisrejectionofModernism. The

happy,perfect

family

gave

way

to

the

anti

families.

The

antifamiliesrecastthepatriarchasbigoted,narrow

minded,uneducated,andbuffoonish. ArchieBunker

singsIdontknowjustwhatwentwrongwhile

PresidentHW

Bush

declares

that

Americans

need

to

be

moreliketheWaltonsandlessliketheSimpsons.

Meanwhile,showsaboutnothingcompletely


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jettisonedthe

sincerity

of

earlier

works

for

a

jadedironydevoidofmoralormessage. These

showsrealizedthatcomedycouldsustainitself

withouttheartificeofamoralityplay. No

longerwas

there

any

message

at

the

end

of

the

episodethelaughsalonewereenough.


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Ofcourse,postmodernismhadseriousthingstosay,but

thosestories

werent

simple

and

neat

just

so

stories.

Inthe1960sseriesDragnet,Sgt.JoeFridayandhis

trustworthypartnerBillGannonworkforthenobleand

honorableforce

that

is

the

LAPD.

Each

episode,

the

copsinvestigateanewcase. Thecopsaretheheroes,

whilethecriminalsarethevillains. Thecriminalsare

alwaysevil,thecopsarealwaysnoble. Thecopsalways


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gettheir

man,

and

in

the

last

segment,

the

criminalsarealwayspunishedfortheircrimes.

CompareDragnettothe1990sseriesTheWire.

Bothpolice

and

drug

dealing

youth

are

shown

asvictimstrappedinainhumanbureaucratic

systemthatisdevoidofsanity. Somepolice

commitcrimesthatarecoveredup,whilesome

criminalsare

noble

souls

who

do

their

best

in

a

worldwiththedeckstackedagainstthem. At

theconclusionofseason1,itisrevealedthat

noneoftheeventsofthefirstseasonwould

substantiallyaffect

the

city

low

level

hoods

moveupinranktoreplacetheirarrested


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comrades,while

police

officers

are

shuffled

aboutbasedonthewhimsofanarbitraryand

selfservingbureaucracy. Despitethepersonnel

shuffling,thesameoppressivesystempersists.

ThecontrastfromDragnetsnavesincerity

couldntbemorestark.


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ThatcontrastisjustasapparentintheMystery/Suspense

genre.

ForaModernistsuspense,take1963sTheFugitive:

Afterthemurderofhiswife,Dr.RichardKimballsetsout

onaquesttofindthetruthbehindherdeath.

Thirtyyearslater,in1993,weseeapostmodern

successor:TheXFiles. Aftertheabductionofhissister,

AgentFoxMuldersetsoutonaquesttofindthetruth


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behindher

disappearance.

TheXFilesembodies90sPostmodernism.

Governmentisuntrustworthyifnotoutright

nefarious.We

dont

know

who,

ifanyone,

is

a

GoodGuyoraBadGuy maybethereare

nogoodguysandbadguys,maybeitsjusta

bunchofguys.

WhereDr.Kimballwasonaquesttomerely

solveamurder,Mulderisonaquesttodiscover

ultimatetruthsaboutthegreatestmysteriesof

theuniverse.

Both

suffer

the

alienation

of

knowingthetruthsothersdontknow.


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Thenewestaddition,notsurprisingly,isthehardestto

explain.


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Modernismis

astrong

thesis

statement

and

Postmodernismitsantithesis. Metamodernismisanew

responsetoitstwopredecessorswhichsynthesizesthe

ModernismandPostmodernismintosomethingentirely

new.


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JustastelevisionhadsowntheseedsofPostmodernism,

newmedia

helped

give

birth

to

Metamodernism.

In1975,theVCRgaveustheabilitytosaveTV. Cable

televisionturned3channelsinto30. 1977sAtari

openingup

virtual

worlds.

The

Mac,

of

1984,

opened

computingtothemasses. In1993,internetcontributors

wereusedtoaninfluxofnewuserseverySeptemberat

thestartofeachnewacademicyear. September1993


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becameknown

as

the

Endless

September

becausetheinternetreachedacriticalmassand

theinfluxofnewuserscontinuedunabated,

monthaftermonth.

Now,wereapproachingubiquitouscomputing.

Smartphonesarealwaysathand,glassesdeliver

augmentedreality,andbrainimplantsdeliver

sightand

sound

to

the

formerly

disabled.

Nolongerwerepeopleconfinedtoahandfulof

options. Nowpeoplecancreatetheirown

options.The

number

of

options

of

media

exploded.


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Viewersgrew

up

on

media,

becoming

the

first

generationofdigitalnatives. Theglowing

screenwasnolongeramirrorforreality,ithad

becomeaaplatformforrealitiesofitsown.

Thesetrendsarereflectedinmetamodernart.


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JoseChungusestechniquesthatarehallmarksof

Metamodernism.


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XFilesishasbeencalledtheultimatePostmodernTV

Show.The

XFiles

is

ashow

about

aliens,

conspiracy,

the

unknown,theparanormalandthelike.

ButoneepisodeofTheXFilesgoesfurther. Jose

ChungsFrom

Outer

Space

could

be

called

one

of

the

firstexamplesofMetamodernism. Inretrospect,that

episodeservesasabridgebetweentheworldofthe

postmodernandtheworldsofthemetamodern.


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BecauseJose

Chungs

From

Outer

Space

isnt

reallyaboutaliensitsaboutTheXFilesitself.


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ThefirstshotofJoseChungreferencesoneofthemost

famousshots

in

history:

The

Star

Destroyer

in

the

openingoftheoriginalStarWars. Itsetsthetone,

remindingusthatthisepisodeisgoingtoonethat

confoundsexpectationsandthrowsusoffbalanceat

everyturn.


40/120

RayHarryhausenwasanAcademyAwardWinning

specialeffects

artist

who

utilized

stop

motion

over

the

courseofthirtyyears. HiscreditsincludeThe7thVoyage

ofSinbad(1958), JasonandtheArgonauts(1963),and

ClashoftheTitans(1981)

InthescriptforJoseChung,thesecondalienisdescribed

asaBrutefromPlanetHarryhausen. AlthoughtheX

Filesusedamanincostume,itusedvisualeffectsto


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simulateastop

motion

monster.


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WhitleyStrieberwasahorrorwriterwhohadpreviously

writtentwo

successful

novels:

Wolfen,

about

werewolf

likecreatures,andTheHunger,aboutvampires. Both

weresuccessesandweremadeintomovies.

Afterastring

of

disappointing

novels,

in

1987,

Streiber

publishedanautobiographicalnonfictionbookentitled

CommunioninwhichStreiberreportedhisalleged

abductionexperiences. Despitetheskepticismtowards


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anestablish

horror

author

writing

anon

fiction

sciencefiction, Streiberinsistedhisstorywas

true.

Thebook

sold

2million

copies

and

reached

the

number1positionontheNewYorkTimesBest

Sellerlist.


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HaroldappearsatChrissyswindowwearingatornshirt,

echoingMarlon

Brandon

in

A

Streetcar

Named

Desire.


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In1989,theTVshowUnsolvedMysteriesranan

episodeabout

the

Roswell

Incident.

A

caller

to

their

tip

linewasGlennDennis,aNewMexicomortician.

Claimingtobeawitness,GlennDennisaddedabrand

newtwisttotheRoswellIncidentthatnooneelsehad

evermentioned.

According

to

Dennis,

alien

bodies

were

notonlyrecoveredandunderwentautopsies.

Sixyearslater,inAugust1995,theFoxNetwork


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broadcastAlien

Autopsy

:Fact

or

Fiction.

It

includedwhatpurportedtobefootageofthe

Roswellautopsy. Theprogramwasextremely

popularand itreceivedtwoencore

presentationsin

the

ensuing

months

ararity

in

thosedays.

Skepticsdecriedthefilmasanobviousforprofit

hoax,but

believers

hailed

it

as

proof

of

Denniss

claim.


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Inthe1977filmCloseEncountersoftheThirdKind,aman

experiencesaclose

encounter.

After

that

encounter,

hebecomesobsessedwitha particularshapewhichhe

sculptsinmashedpotatoes.


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InbothScoobyDooandJoseChung,ahumandisguised

asascary

monster

is

revealed

by

pulling

off

arubber

mask


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OneManinBlackisplayedbyWWFwrestlerJesseThe

BodyVentura.

The

Man

in

Black

employs

Venturas

signaturemove,theBackBreaker,againstBlake.

GameshowhostAlexTrebekisfeaturedandexplicitly

named.

Reportedly,MorganoriginallysoughtmusicianJohnny

CashtoplaytheManinBlack. CashisknownasThe


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Manin

Black

for

performing

in

all

black

and

for

hissongManinBlack.


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RokyEricksonwasafounderofthepsychedelicband13th

FloorElevators.

Like

many

of

his

era,

the

band

was

a

vocalsupporterofLSD,Mescaline,DMT,andothermind

alteringsubstances.

In1968,

Roky

was

performing

at

concert

when

he

suddenlyandinexplicablybeganspeakingcomplete

gibberish,temporarilylosingtheabilitytospeak

intelligibly. Rokywascommittedtoamultiple


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psychiatrichospitals

and

involuntarily

received

electroconvulsivetherapy.

Afterhisrelease,Rokyformedanewband

whichwould

come

to

be

known

as

Roky

EricksonandtheAliens. In1982,Roky

releasedaswornstatementexplaining:

I,Roger

(Roky)

Erickson,

do

hereby

declare

that

I

amnotamemberofthehumanrace(notan

earthling)andaminfactanalienfromaplanet

otherthanearth.Ihopethatthiswillproveto

theperson

who

is

putting

electrical

shocks

into

myheadthatIamanalien.Iamdeclaringthis


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sothat

Iam

not

in

violation

of

any

world

or

internationallawsoftheearthasIamshowing

bythusadmissionthatIaminfactanalien.

AdmiralBird

and

hollow

earth

theories

InJoseChung,RockyultimatelyrelocatestoEl

Cajun,CaliforniaDarrinMorganshometown.

..

MorgantalksaboutGlenstechniqueofhaving

long,eruditemonologuesthatconcludewith

somethingshockingly silly. Wesaythesame

thingin

the

exterminators

speech

in

War

of

the

Coprophages.


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Vladimir

Nabokovs

1962

novel

Pale

Fire

presents

itself

asextendedpoem(byJohnShade)andits

accompanyingannotationsandcommentarywrittenby

scholarDr.CharlesKinbote. Dr. Kinbotescommentary

soontakes

over

the

work

and

the

reader

begins

to

realize

thatKinbotemaybeamadman.

PaleFire

is

an

example

of

metafiction,

atext

about

atext.

AndlikeJoseChung, itshighlyintertextual,featuring


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allusionsand

references

to

numerous

other

worksofliterature.

Nabokovprovidedtheinspirationforthe

episodewith

comments

he

made

about

the

subjectivityofreality:

In

your

new

novel,PaleFire,oneofthe

characters

says

that

reality

is

neither

the

subject

northeobjectofrealart,whichcreatesitsown

reality.

What

is

that

reality?

Realityis

avery

subjective

affair.

Ican

only

defineitasakindofgradualaccumulationof


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information;and

as

specialization.

If

we

take

a

lily,forinstance,oranyotherkindofnatural

object,alilyismorerealtoanaturalistthanitis

toanordinaryperson.Butitisstillmorerealto

abotanist.

And

yet

another

stage

of

reality

is

reachedwiththatbotanistwhoisaspecialistin

lilies.Youcangetnearerandnearer,sotospeak,

toreality;butyounevergetnearenough

becausereality

is

an

infinite

succession

of

steps,

levelsofperception,falsebottoms,andhence

unquenchable,unattainable.Youcanknow

moreandmoreaboutonethingbutyoucan

neverknow

everything

about

one

thing:

its

hopeless.Sothatwelivesurroundedbymoreor


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lessghostly

objects

that

machine,

there,

for

instance.ItsacompleteghosttomeIdont

understandathingaboutitand,well,itsa

mysterytome,asmuchofamysteryasitwould

beto

Lord

Byron

JoseChungalludestothiswiththequotetruth

isassubjectiveasreality.


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TheCabinetofDr.Caligariisa1920Germansilentfilm

thathas

been

described

as

the

first

true

horror

film.

A

psychiatristcontrolsanentrancedsleepwalkertocommit

murdersbyproxy. In1962sTheManchurian

Candidate,ChineseCommunistshypnotizeand

brainwashan

American

soldier

into

being

an

unwitting

assassin.

Chungcombinesthetitlesofthesetwoworksabout


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mindcontrol

in

his

book

The

Caligarian

Candidiate.


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BlaineFaulknerisessentiallyanXFilesfan. Hehas

MuldersI

Want

to

Believe

poster

on

his

wall,

but

BlainehascrossedoutportionssoitsimplyreadsI

Believe.


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InApril1990,TwinPeakspremiered. TheXFileswas

consideredaspiritual

successor

to

Twin

Peaks.

While

TwinPeakswasessentiallysurrealist,TheXFileswas

primarilyPostmodern. DavidDuchovnyappearedin

both.

TwinPeaksandJoseChungboth featuredanFBIagent

whotravelstoasmalltowntoinvestigateacrimewith

supernaturalovertones.Theagentvisitsalocaldinerand


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becomesobsessed

with

their

pie,

order

piece

afterpiece.

Amazingly, whileviewersinmultipletimezones

independentlyspotted

this

homage,

there

was

atleastonepersonwhodidnotspotit: Darrin

Morgan,thewriteroftheepisode.


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TheresultisthatJoseChunghasanintertextual

referenceabout

once

every

three

minutes.


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Similartointertextuality,DeepTextsupersaturatethe

textwith

meaningful

content.

VCR

technology

unlockedtheabilitytomaketvepisodesintodeep

texts,allowingtheviewerwatchandrewatch.

Muldersgirly

scream

Herhairwasredbutalittletoored

Muldersporn/Bigfootfilm


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JoseChung

was

ajoke

in

the

writers

room

Militaryindustricalentertainmentcomplex

names


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ChrissysmemoryofHaroldonthetableappearstobe

influencedby

her

surroundings

during

hypnosis,

specificallyatablewithcoffeecupsanddonuts.


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Afewepisodesearlier,ScullyjokinglyinquiredifMulder

hadagirly

scream.

In

Blaines

telling,

this

scream

actuallymakesanappearance.


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GillianAndersonshairwasdyedfortheroleofScully,

reportedlyleading

to

questions

of

which

shades

of

red

hairweretoored.


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PreviousepisodeshadmentionedMulderspornhobby.

Wesee

him

watching

tv,

only

to

discover

the

screen

showingthefamousPattersonBigfoottape.


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Almostallthenamesareusedfordeepermeaning.

Theepisode

takes

place

in

Klass

county,

so

named

for

researcherPhillipJKlass.

AirforceSergeantHynekisnamedJ.AllenHynek,the

inventortheCloseEncountersystemforclassifyingUFO

experiences.


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UFOPilotsRobertValleeandJacquesShaffetaketheir

namesfrom

UFO

researches

Robert

Scheaffer

and

JacquesVallee.

Valleeisthesourceoftheline: Nosingleobjectasbeen

misidentifiedasaflyingsaucermoreoftenthanthe

planetVenus


73/120

ThefoulmouthedDetectiveMannersisnamedforX

FilesDirector

Kim

Manners.

Originally

Kim

Manners

was

goingtoplaytherolehimself,butthatdidnthappen.


74/120

MacDougallKesler,anothercogintheMilitaryIndustrial

EntertainmentComplex,

draws

its

name

from

episode

editorsHeatherMacDougall

andSueKessler.

PoorHaroldLamb,theboyonhisfirstdatewithChrissy,

isnamedforHaroldLloyd'scharacterinthe1925movie

"TheFreshman"


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EventhenameJoseChungis defiessimpleclassification.


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HumbugandJoseChung:

Glitches

in

Humbug:

Imagine,

going

through

your

wholelifelookinglikethat. Samelineinopposite

contexts.

Monsterbecomesvictimincoldopen

Increasingly

bizarre

cast

of

characters:

Freaks,

Humbugs,Gaffs, Selfmadefreaks:Blockheads Geeks,

FormerFreaks,andNormals

Explicitthesisstatementdeliveredbyacharacter


77/120

JesseVenturaspeech/Hotelkeeperspeech in

Humbug

kindlyhotelkeeper

FijiMermaid,Werewolf

WarofCoprophage:

Meta

the

cockroach

crawling

across

the

screen

Scullyeatingtheroachalahumbug

IsntthatwhatDr.ZaiusSaidanothergreat

DMglitch


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79/120

JoseChungkicksusoutoftheflowbytheintentional

bawlderization

of

profanity

a

bleeping

dead

alien.

TwicewehaveascenechangewithoutacutRokyis

withtheMeninBlack,andthensuddenly,turnsto

MulderandScullyremindingyouthatwhatyoujust

saw

was

an

artificial

narrative,

not

reality.

Eventhemusicservestokickyououtofflow. TheXFiles

themeitselfisincludedintheepisodeavariationon


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thetheme

is

used

as

theme

of

Dead

Alien:

TruthorHumbug. Theconcludingmomentsof

theepisodealsoincludeavariationoftheme.


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Therearethreeinterrogationsceneswithsimilarlines

and

staging


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Therearethreehypnosisscenes


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Threeinstanceswheretheshadowofanalienhead

enters

the

frame


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Chung,Roky,BlaineeachsayIknowhowcrazythisis

going

to

sound


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adeadmancomesupfivedifferenttimes.


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AndthreeinstancesofhowthehellshouldIknow?


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Intotal,therearesome27instancesofkicksorglitches

in

Jose

Chung,

for

an

average

of

one

instance

every

two

minutes.


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JoseChungbeginsasafamiliarworkofhorror.


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Underhypnosis,Crissyrecallstheinvolvementofthe

government,andthestorytakesaturntowardsmystery.


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RokysintroductiontakesusintoSpaceOpera,anabsurd

fantasythatistrulybeyondbelief.


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Eventuallytheepisodetakesaturnintosatireand

comedy.


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Beforefinallywrappingitallupandachievingthestatus

oftrueart. PicassoarguedArtisnottruth.Artisa

liethatmakesusrealizetruth.


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Oneofthehardestconceptstocommunicatetoa

generalaudienceistheideaofmetarecursion.

Twoaliensabducthumans,onlytobeabducted

themselvesbyathirdalien:analienabduction

abduction. JoseChungasksScullywhysheseemsnon

nonplussedbythecontradictionsbetweenherstoryand

Mulders.

This

pattern

continues

into

the

Post

Postmodern

ld h h d i i


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This pattern continues into the Post Postmodernworld. ThephrasePostPostmodernismisan

example. ApodcastdevotedtotheXFilesis

calledTheXFilesFiles.


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Sometimesitseasiertounderstandbyjustlookingat

somepictures. Twodrawingsofhandseachdrawing

other. Thespiralformedbyapictureofapictureofa

picture


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TheOuroboros,usedinTheXFiles,itsspinoff

Millennium,andtheCharlieKaufmannfilmAdaptation.

AURYNfromTheNeverEndingstoryalsoworks.


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Theimageyouseewhenyoulookintotwoparallel

mirrors. Ortheimagecreatedbypointingacameraaits

ownscreen.


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Lastly,oneoftheeasiertreadstorecognizeisNew

Sincerity. TheNaveSincerityofgenerationspastseems

laughable. Thejadedironyofthemorerecentpastseemsempty.

MetamodernismsynthesizestheNaveSincerityof

ModernismwithPostmodernismsJadedIronytoformaNewSincerity.

Consider

that

some

of

the

greatest

journalism

of the Bush era came from outlets like The Daily


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g joftheBusheracamefromoutlet slikeTheDaily

ShowandtheColbertReport.

Thedailyshow,thefakenewsshowthattells

the

truth

,

isnt

actually

news

its

about

The

News. Thedailyshowisashowaboutnews

shows.


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ForNewSincerityinJoseChung,youjusthavetolookat

thefinalmonologue.


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TheripplewesawinJoseChungjustkeepsgoing.


104/120

Weseetheriseofhorrormoviesabouthorrormovies.

InthepreMetaera,charactersinhorrorfilmsgenerally

wereignorant

of

the

horror

genre.

In

1996s

Scream,

the

charactersare,likemostAmericanyouth,obsessedwith

horrorfilms. Theyrecognizethetropesofthehorror

genreevenastheirownstoryembodiesthosetropes.

In2012sCabinintheWoods,wefollowagroupof

collegekidsastheyencounteramysteriousCabin. Ina

formula

that

is

deeply

familiar,

we

meet

a

Jock,

ascholar,aslut,afool,andavirgin.Wewatchas


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, , , g

theyareterrorizedtodeathfortheamusement

ofanunseenandinhumanaudienceofspirits

known

as

the

Old

Gods.

These

dark

hearted

beingsactuallyenjoywitnessingthehorrorin

theirunwittingvictims,terrorthatmustbe

inflictedaccordingtotheelaborateformulas

which

also

inspire

successful

horror

films.


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TinaFeyistheheadwriteroftheNBCshowSNL,

ultimatelyownedbyCorporateGiantComcast.

LizLemon

is

the

head

writer

of

the

NBC

show

TGS

,

ultimtelyownedbyCorporateGiantKabletown


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Thereareconstantreferencestoothertexts,especially

theStarWarstrilogy.


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Somecharactersoccasionallybecomeselfaware.


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30RockfeaturesafictionalshowTGSwhichisdoinga

crossoverwithfictionalBravoTVshowQueenof

Jordonin

which

the

star

reveals

announces

the

upcomingreleaseofhersingleMySingleisDropping.

Ifyourcounting,thatsaboutfivelayersdown.


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Mediaitselfrespondedtothisplethoraofmediaoptions.

Asmoreandmoreofourtimewasspentviewingmedia,

webecame

more

and

more

sophisticated

in

our

handling

andquotationofmedia.

Inthemid 2000s,weseetheriseofshowsaboutshows.

30Rock,

starring

SNL

Head

Writer

Tina

Fay

as

TGS

Head

WriterLizLemon.

Morethananyothershow,the2009seriesCommunity

embodiedMetamodernTV. ATVshowabout

TVshows CommunityturnedIntertextuality


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upto11,makingitanintegralpartoftheshows

theme. Genreflexibilitybecomesacharacter

untoitself.


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JoseChungsfinalmonologuearguesthatWeAreAlone.


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Andnowletslookatarelevantmomentfrom

Community:


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Jose Chung's The Bridge to Meta Release

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