Josef Vojtěch Miloslav Hůla, Jan Nejman, Jan Radil , Pavel Škoda

Josef Vojtěch Miloslav Hůla, Jan Nejman, Jan Radil, Pavel Škoda

www.ces.net

Equipment for open photonic networking

czechlight.cesnet.cz

vojtech (at) cesnet (dot) cz

Sep. 13, 2010 CEF Networks 2010 2

Authors participate on:

CESNET research program(www.ces.net),

GN3 (www.geant.net),

Presented content does not necessarily reflect an official opinion of any institution or project.

Equipment for Open Photonic Networking


Equipment for Open Photonic Networking Outline

Free and Open Software, Free HW, Open and Free HW in Networking

Open Photonic Systems

Building Blocks

Monitoring and Planning of Photonics Systems

Operational Costs

Conclusions

Acknowledgement

Q & A



Free a Open Source Software

Free a Open source SW Free SW - freedom to use, study and modify not necessarily for free,

sometimes Libre is used to avoid misunderstanding Open source SW – open source code for development by user community and

freedom of redistribution These classes not exactly the same - some „open“ licenses to restrictive for

„free“ on a contrary some „free“ licenses unacceptable under „open“ Differences are small, majority of „free“ SW is also „open source“ and vice

versa Business model of free SW is typically based on added services, for example

customer support, training, customization, integration or certification

Commercial software can be free software or proprietary software, contrary to a popular misconception that "commercial software" is a synonym for "proprietary software" (an example of commercial free software is Red Hat Linux)

Freeware Usage free of charge Authors retain all rights, reverse engineering, modification and redistribution

can be limitedSource: wikipedia



Open Hardware

Success of free and open SW is obvious

Open source hardware Designed and offered in the same way as free and open SW Open approach applied to HW (for example schematics) Free and open approach applied to SW controlling this HW

Open design Design of products or systems through publicly shared information

Source: wikipedia


Equipment for Open Photonic Networking Free and Open Approach in

NetworkingWhat about free and open approach in networking?

It exists, especially at higher levels, plenty of smaller project, e.g. open routers

Also vendors of proprietary equipment developed for commercial ISPs use this approach: e.g. Juniper has opened network OS JUNOS (based on Free BSD) and created Partner Solution Development Platform already in 2007

Nevertheless R&E network operators know first what they and their customers/members need

This should allow fast development of innovative and better services

Also it can bring partial independence on vendors roadmaps, typically oriented to ISPs or carriers

What about the lowest layers, especially photonic?


Equipment for Open Photonic Networking Free and Open Approach in Transmission

SystemsOpen transmission system have been developed in CESNET

It uses open source SW based on Debian and SLAX

System users can (and are encouraged to) actively improve SW – they know the best what they need

Fast development of new and better features and services

Freedoms preserved To operate system according needs To study how system works To modify system

Business model is similar to open SW – e.g. design of systems, maintenance, customization and support


Equipment for Open Photonic Networking Building Blocks of Open WDM Systems

Traditional static WDM systems consist of few basic building blocks

MUX/DEMUXes, OADMs, amplifiers, DCUs

Available building blocks of open system

Amplifiers of different types: EDFA, Raman, TDM-Raman (spectrally flat gain and OSNR)

Tunable CD compensators based on different principles: FBG, GTE, VIPA, MZI

Remaining necessary blocks available from 3rd parties

OA

DM

MU

X

DE

MU

X

ADD

DROP


Equipment for Open Photonic Networking Building Blocks of Open WDM SystemsModern WDM systems with dynamic lambda routing capability deploy additional blocks:

VMUXes - dynamical signal attenuation, equalization

ROADMs - dynamical add drop

Open system

VMUXes, ROADMs

TX 1

TX N

......... .........

OA

TX A

TX B

MUX

DEMUX

VMUX

OA

λ1

λN

λ1

λN

λ1

λN

λ1 ------ λN λ1 ------ λN



WDM systems with traditional

2 degree ROADMs –

ring topology

OA

OA

OA

OA

OA

OA

OA

ROADM

AD

D

DR

OP

ROAD

M

ADD

DR

OP

RO

ADM

ADD

DROP

ROAD

M

AD

D

DR

OP

RO

AD

M

ADD

DROP



Automatic and touch-less lambda provisioning Colourless inputs/outputs – necessary to support tunable transceivers, composite signals can be treated

To avoid expensive and potentially inaccurate manual work, especially in field

Multi-degree ROADMs (deg>2) – allow to built more advanced topologies (meshes, ring of rings,…)

Open system

colourless VMUXes, multideg. ROADMs

TX 1

TX N

......... .........

OA

TX A

TX B

MUX

VMUX

OA

λ1

λN

λ1 ------ λN

λ1 ------ λN

ColorLess


Equipment for Open Photonic Networking Building blocks of Open WDM systems

OAColor-lessDROP

Color-lessADD

Color-lessDROP

Color-lessADD

Color-lessADD

OA

OA

Color-lessDROP

OA

Color-lessADD

Color-lessDROP

TX 4k

DE

MU

X

CLoel eosr

TX 8k

MUX

CLoel eosr

Multidegree ROADM (degree=4)



Fibre SwitchesBackup or resources sharing

CLS 16x16 – mechanically based, broadbandOperational band O + C + LInsertion loss 2 dBSwitching speed 40 msDurability 109 cycles

CLS 8x8 (PM) – non-mechanically basedOperational band CInsertion loss 4 dBSwitching speed 3 msDurability MTBF 106 hrs (114 years)

CLS 16x16 – non-mechanically basedOperational band CInsertion loss 5 dBSwitching speed 3 msDurability MTBF 5*105 hrs


Equipment for Open Photonic Networking Building Blocks of Open WDM systems

Multicast Fibre SwitchesDynamic distribution of high speed signals or real time signals, for example 4K, 8K or uncompressed HD video

CLM 4x4, 8x8, 2x16 – mechanically based, broadband

Operational band O – L (1310-1600nm)Insertion loss 9, 12, 14 dBSwitching speed 10 msDurability 107 cycles

CLM 4x8 - non-mechanically basedOperational band CInsertion loss 14 dBSwitching speed 6msDurability MTBF 106 hrs



Multicast on Demand Fibre SwitchesSwitching from 1:1 to multicasting or monitoring with on-fly variable ratios

CLS/M 8x8, CLS/M 16x16Operational band CInsertion loss 4-13, 5-17 dBSwitching speed 3msDurability MTBF 106, 5*105 hrs

1

16

1

16

IN OUTTX 4k

TX 8k

RX 4k

RX 4k

RX 8k

RX 8k

RX 8k

33%

33%

33%

33%

33%

1

16

1

16

IN OUTTX 4k

TX 8k

RX 4k

OSNR

RX 8k

OSNR

Res CD

90%

5%

90%

5%

5%



Wavelength converters (up to 40Gb/s, multicast option)

Channel (lambda) monitors

Next blocks are continuously developed and improved


Equipment for Open Photonic Networking Monitoring of Open WDM Systems

Web based system for optical devices monitoring Interactive topology mapDisplay “real-time” device stateProactive monitoring for NOCSaves long history to allow trends analysis (e.g. attenuation)Supports all CLA devices; future releases will also include 3rd party optical devicesLinux based using Apache, PostgreSQL and SVG technologyMonitoring is available as CESNET service


Equipment for Open Photonic Networking Monitoring of Open WDM Systems

Management SW, screen shot


Equipment for Open Photonic Networking Planning Software for Photonic Networks

CESNET worked on conceptualization of networks on photonic layer (Phosphorus, Deliverable 6.9, http://www.ist-phosphorus.eu/files/deliverables/Phosphorus-deliverable-D6.9.pdf

)Some HW vendors have proprietary planning SW for optical transmission systems (we did not find publicly available information)Capability of these systems to plan networks with multivendor equipment is missingWorking on own SWIf you know about any SW, let us know...


Equipment for Open Photonic Networking Example of Transmission Costs

Power consumption (expressed by cost) of Open equipment is significantly lower then in network lighted by equipment developed for commercial internet providersOpen devices can lower the lighting cost about three times compared with equipment developed for commercial internet providersAvailability of open equipment can help to ask other vendors for high discounts

Equipment developed for commercial internet providers

Cost of Consumption Fibre Lighting Fiber Leasing

EUR/km/y 10 816 500

Open equipment

Cost of Consumption Fibre Lighting Fiber Leasing

EUR/km/y 3 177 500


The difference in fibre lightning costs is mainly because of Open system optimization for long span transmissionThe difference in power consumption costs between Open equipment and equipment developed for commercial internet providers is about 7 EUR/km/yThat means savings of about 70 000 EUR/y just in R&E fibre footprint of 10 000 km

Equipment for Open Photonic Networking Example of consumption savings


Equipment for Open Photonic Networking Example of Bidirectional Transmission

Cost over Single Fibre

Fibre pair lease 500 EUR/km/yOpen transmission cost 177 EUR/km/y

Single fibre lease 300 EUR/km/yOpen transmission cost 207 EUR/km/y

Saving of 170 EUR/km/y by single fibre used which represents saving of about 25%


Equipment for Open Photonic NetworkingBidirectional Transmission over Single Fibre

+ Pros Cost – for example 25% saving Verified in operation – e.g. by SWITCH, CESNET Higher availability of PoPs (two topologically diverse single fibre

lines are more reliable than one fibre pair line) Sufficient for lines without (expected) high demand for bandwidth

- Cons Half number of available channels

C band@100GHz 32->16 or 40 ->20 C band@50GHz 80 -> 40 C+L band@50GHz 160 -> 80

Slightly complicated HW – combination, split Slightly difficult debugging - reflections


Open photonic systems exist and are continuously developed including their management SWOpen system optimization for long span transmission systems can cut down lambda transmission cost and power consumption cost significantly when compared to equipment developed for commercial internet providersSingle fibre utilization can offer additional important saving from transmission costThe power consumption cost of system with modern photonic transmission equipment IS an advantage if considered in large scaleIn long term perspective, relative prices of equipment are decreasing, new equipment developed for commercial internet providers can be less expensive and new open photonic equipment can be also less expensive: you should always compare before decision

Equipment for Open Photonic Networking Conclusions



Acknowledgement

Jan Gruntorád, Lada Altmanová, Miroslav Karásek, Martin Míchal, Václav Novák, Karel Slavíček, Stanislav Šíma



Thank You for attention!

Q&A?

vojtech (at) cesnet (dot) cz


ASE Amplified Spontaneous EmissionCD Chromatic DispersionCS-RZ Carrier Suppressed Return to ZeroCW Continuous WaveDCF Dispersion Compensating FibreDFG Difference Frequency GenerationDPSK Differential Phase Shift KeyingDSF Dispersion Shifted FibreDWDM Dense Wavelength Division MultiplexingEDFA Erbium Doped Fibre AmplifierFBG Fibre Bragg GratingFWHM Full Width at Half MaximumFWM Four Wave MixingGE Gigabit Ethernet GTE Gires-Tournois EtalonHD High DensityHNLF Highly Non Linear FibreLAN Local Area NetworkMAN Metropolian Area NetworksMMF Multi Mode Fibre


List of Acronyms 1


MZI Mach Zhender InterferometerNF Noise FigureNIL Nothing in LineNREN National Research and Educational NetworkNRZ Non Return to ZeroNZDSF Non-Zero Dispersion Shifted Fibres OA Optical AmplifierODB Optical Duo BinaryOEO Optical-Electrical-OpticalOOK On-Off KeyingOSNR Optical Signal to Noise RatioPC Personal ComputerPCI-X Peripheral Component Interconnect ExtendedPDFA or PrDFA Praseodymium (Pr) Doped Fibre AmplifierPIC Photonic Integrated CircuitQoS Quality of ServicesREN Research and Educational NetworkRFA Raman Fibre AmplifierRZ Return to ZeroSBS Stimulated Brillouin Scattering


List of Acronyms 2


SC Super ContinuumSMF Single Mode FibreSNR signal to noise ratioSOA Semiconductor Optical AmplifierSSMF Standard Single Mode Fibre TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet ProtocolTDFA Thulium (Tm) Doped Fibre AmplifierTDM Time Division MultiplexingWAN Wide Area NetworkWDM Wavelength Division MultiplexingXFP 10 Gigabit Small Form Factor PluggableXGM Cross Gain Modulation XPM Cross Phase Modulation


List of Acronyms 3


[1] Petr Holub, Josef Vojtech, Jan Radil, et. al., „Pure Optical (Photonic) Multicast“, GLIF 2007 Demo, Prague, 2007.

[2] Jan Radil, Stanislav Šíma, „ Customized Approaches to Fibre-based E2E Services“, TERENENA 1st E2E Workshop, Amsterdam, 2008.

[3] Stanislav Šíma, et. al., „ LTTx: Lightpaths to the application, From GOLEs to dispersed end users “, GLIF 2008 Workshop, Seattle WA, 2008.

[4] Josef Vojtěch, Jan Radil, „Transparent all optical switching devices in CESNET“, 25th APAN meeting, Honolulu HI, 2008.

[5] Radil J., Vojtěch J., Karásek M., Šíma S.: Dark Fibre Networks and How to Light Them, 4th Quilt Optical Networking Workshop, Fort Lauderdale FL, 2006.


References 1


[6] www.seefire.org, Deliverables

[7] czechligh.cesnet.cz, Publications

[8] Global Lambda Integrated Facility, http://www.glif.is

[9] Vojtěch J., „CzechLight and CzechLight amplifiers“. In: 17th TF-NGN meeting, Zurych, Switzerland, April 2005


References 2



Transmission Systemsa little bit of history

1st. and 2nd. generation MM 850nm, SM ITU-T G.652 1310nm, reach increase -

regeneration

3rd. generation SM 1550nm, reach increase - regeneration, (DSF ITU-T G.653)

4th. generation, introduction of WDM, real breakthrough - huge bandwidth increase

Amplification - EDFA, (development 80’s, commercial availability 90’s)

Fibres according G.653 unsuitable due to FWM, introduction of NZDSF ITU-T G.655

? 5th. gen – predicted in 2000 ultra-broadband O, E, S, C, L, U (1260-1650 nm), in lab still



Present Transmission Systems

Common 50/100 GHz systems, C band, approx. 80/40 channels, C+L band approx. 160 channels

Commercially available 25 GHz systems and e.g. undersea 33 GHz systems

Why not ultra broadband? - Bandwidth demand satisfied by serial speed growth

But 10->40G transition (ODB, DPSK) brought strict design rules

100G coherent PM-DQPSK solves some issues + Works over 50 GHz grid + Design rules almost 10G; CD, PMD electronic compensation - Sensitive to non-linearities, FWM->DCFs removal->coexistence with

present 10G channels? - Cost of complicated modulation format (TX+RX) + necessity of

powerful DSPs and ADCs

Proposed alternative modulation formats: 16 QAM, OFDM, 3ASK-PSK,…



100G PM-DQPSK - TX RX proposal

Hopefully will gain from integration

Source: www.oiforum.com


Equipment for open photonic networkingWavelength Selective Switch

Wavelength selective switch, degree 4, the principle


Equipment for open photonic networkingPresent Transmission Systems

„Digital“ DWDM system Profits from photonic integration – photonic integrated

circuits (PIC)

Do not use optical processing (CD, EDFA) but massive OEO regeneration in each node

DWDM system on chip, source: Infinera

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