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© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 1 Joseph R. Dominick University of Georgia--Athens
© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 1
Joseph R. Dominick
University of Georgia--Athens
© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 2
Part V
Impact of the Media
© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 3
Chapter 17
The Global Village: International and Comparative Media Systems
International Media SystemsWorld Media OnlineComparative Media SystemsExamples of Other Systems
Cha
pter
Out
line
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Slide 4
Global Print Media – NewspapersGeneral or financialThe International Herald TribuneUSA Today InternationalWorldPaperThe Financial Times of London The EconomistThe Wall Street Journal
International Media Systems
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Slide 5
Global Print Media – Wire ServicesInternational flow of news dominated by global
wire services ReutersAssociated PressAgence France PresseITAR-TASSNew York Times Syndicate Los Angeles Times Syndicate
International Media Systems
© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 6
Global Print Media – MagazinesReader’s Digest – 45 editions in 200 countriesTime (International) – 190 countriesNewsweek (International) – ½ M readersCosmopolitan – 31 countriesPopular Mechanics (Spanish version)
– Latin AmericaBusiness Week
International Media Systems
© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 7
Global BroadcastingShortwave or partnerships with local FM150 countries broadcast internationally
BBC World ServiceVoice of AmericaRadio China InternationalDeutsche Welle (“German Wave”)Radio France InternationalGrowing rapidly: global news, sports, and music
channels (CNNi, CNBC, BBC World, MTV, ESPNi)
International Media Systems
© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 8
Film and TVInternationally, USA dominates
Box office (½ revenue of average film)Videocassette and DVD ($200B in 2002)TV programs (non-prime-time)TV program format licenses (Jeopardy, Temptation
Island)
Cross-border spillover
International Media Systems
© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 9
Web radio stationsNewspapers and magazines
New York Times Le MondeDie Welt London TimesAsahi Shimbun Sydney Morning HeraldAsia Week BeatTokyo Journal Art Bin
Email and newsgroups enable informal exchange of news and culture
WWW access not globally accessible
World Media Online
© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 10
Four Theories of the Press (1956)Authoritarian Theory
16th Century EnglandParallel with development of printing pressThe ruling elite guides the low-intelligence massesPublic dissent and criticism are a threatCompliance of the press through
Licensing Censorship Exclusive printing rights
Punishment of government critics
Comparative Media Systems
© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 11
Libertarian TheoryMatched freewheeling, rugged early AmericaDiametrically opposed to authoritarian beliefsAssumes people are intelligent creaturesGovernment exists to serve the individualCitizens need to hear all sides of an issueGovernment serves best when it serves leastThe press should be free from control
Comparative Media Systems
© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 12
Social Responsibility TheoryPress has right to criticize governmentPress also has responsibility to preserve democracy
Properly informing the public Responding to society’s needs and interests
Press not free to do as it pleasesGovernment may regulate press in the public
interest (example: FCC and broadcasting)Many Western nations use this approach
Comparative Media Systems
© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 13
The Communist TheoryMedia are owned by the people (represented by
the state)The purpose of the media is to support the
Marxist system and achieve the goals of the stateWorks best in a tightly controlled societyExample: use of spillover by BBC, VOA, CNN,
and others into Communist countries
Comparative Media Systems
© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 14
The Developmental TheoryGovernment can mobilize the media to serve national
goals in economic and social development
Goals include:
Information must be managed by the government
Primarily used in non-democratic developing countries
Losing ground to the social responsibility approach
Comparative Media Systems
raising literacy levelspolitical integrationeconomic self-sufficiencyeradication of disease
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Slide 15
Comparative Media Systems
[Insert Figure 17-1 here]
Figure 17-1 Theories of Media-Government Relationships
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Slide 16
Comparative Media Systems
[Insert Figure 17-2 here]
Figure 17-2 Typology of Media Ownership and Control
© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 17
Role of the media in various countries Developmental – develop and build; support
government; provide technical informationCommunist – propaganda, persuasion, and
educationSocial responsibility – inform, entertain,
government watchdog and adversary, consumer support, free marketplace of ideas
Economic Differences
Comparative Media Systems
© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 18
Economic DifferencesUSA – advertising, little government supportWestern Europe
Some indirect subsidiesScandinavia – direct support of newspapers by political
partiesUnited Kingdom – BBC is state-charted, independents sell
advertisingCommunist – direct support by government, plus
advertisingLess-developed countries – Ads, circulation fees,
license fees; some must provide free government space
Comparative Media Systems
© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 19
Japan Social responsibility model127M people; literacy nearly 100% 120 newspapers with 70M total circulation
Yomiuri Shimbun Asahi Shimbun2 newsmagazines and business magazineNippon Hoso Kyokai patterned after BBC; yearly
license fee imposed on all TV sets5 commercial channels and 2 cablePioneers in DBS and HDTVMedia-rich overall
Examples of Other Systems
© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 20
MexicoDevelopmental model104M people; literacy rate 90%300 daily papers with 10M total circulation
Excelsior (Mexico City)200 magazines, best-known is Vanidades (Televisia)Government has controlled media through
Supply of newsprint Broadcasting permits Bribing journalists
Radio and TV based on US systemProduces telenovelas for Latin AmericaSignificant media content flow to USA
Examples of Other Systems
© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 21
ChinaCommunist model2000 newspapers with 200M circulation5 national newspapers
People’s Daily Xinmin Evening News China Daily100 financial newspapers; 10,000 magazinesMost Chinese are rural and rely on radio600 radio stations reach 95% of populationTV penetration at 90%Limitations on imports, foreign news, satellite dishesInternet penetration 4%
Examples of Other Systems
