Journal #14 Militia – civilians serving as soldiers
Casualties – killed, injured, or captured soldiers
Backcountry – a thinly populated area between the coastal towns and the Appalachian Mountains
Pioneers – the first Europeans to settle the backcountry
Chapter 5: Conflicts in the Colonies
Bonus QuestionsWhat was the Great Awakening?
How did the Great Awakening affect society and politics?
Name one of the leaders of the Scientific Revolution
State 3 facts about Benjamin Franklin
Today’s Topics
5.1 – Trouble on the Frontier
5.2 – Consequences of the French and Indian War
King Phillip’s War
Metacomet was a main chief of the Wampanoag tribe, his father made a longstanding peace with the Pilgrims
Metacomet tried to live in peace with the English, buying English clothes and taking the English name Phillip
Eventually, with the Iroquois pushing his people from the west and the English pushing from the east, he fought back
The war between the Wampanoag and the English colonists is called King Phillip’s War
King Phillips WarBoth sides attacked each other’s settlements
600 settlers die along with 3,000 Indians
Metacomet is shot through the heart in Rhode Island
After his death, his head is mounted on the entrance to Fort Plymouth and his body was cut up and put in the trees – his head remains there for 20 years
Metacomet’s wife and children are sold into slavery in Bermuda
King Phillip’s WarSome Native groups helped the English fight
against Metacomet
French colonists traded and allied with the Algonquian people
English colonists traded and allied with the Iroquois league
Native Americans’ #1 goal was always independence
Conflicts with France In the late 1600s, France and England both
wanted control over Europe and North America
They fought a series of wars King William’s War – 1689 to 1697 Queen Anne’s War – 1702 to 1713
Spain and France vs. England Each side had Native American Allies
King George’s War – 1740s
Both sides were still competing for the Ohio River Valley and Great Lakes area in the 1750s
Conflicts With France
The English wanted the Ohio River Valley and Great Lakes area for settlement
The French believed settlements would ruin their profitable trade with Indians in the area This trade was called The Middle Ground
The French build 3 forts to keep the English out
When the English start building forts along the Ohio River in 1754 – the French and Indian War began
The French and Indian War Begins
The French destroy an English fort and build Fort Duquesne
George Washington attempts to build another English fort and is forced to surrender
Fighting also began in Europe – that fighting is called the Seven Years’ War
The French and Indian WarThe British started off poorly – General
Edward Braddock tries to attack Fort Duquesne and is ambushed – 900 of his 1,400 men are killed
Eventually the British begin to win and in 1759 they capture Quebec – the capital of New France
Fighting continues until 1763 with the British winning most of the battles
The Treaty of Paris In 1763 the Treaty of Paris was the peace
treaty that ended the French and Indian (or Seven Years”) war
Britain gained land in this treaty, afterward they owned Canada and everything east of the Mississippi River except New Orleans
Britain also received Florida from SpainSpain now owned everything west of the
Mississippi River
The Treaty of Paris’ Effect on Native Americans
1. Native Americans were considered an enemy because many allied with the French (some allied with England but that didn’t matter to most people)
2. Native Americans lost the power to play countries off of one another (play-off politics)
3. The British now felt that they had the right to all Native lands east of the Mississippi River (formerly “owned” by France)
Consequences of the French and Indian War5.2
The Frontier Colonists set up most of the early settlements along
the eastern coast
To the west was a huge frontier
Europeans slowly moved west into this frontier, also called the backcountry
The people who moved into these areas were called pioneers
After the French and Indian War, settlers began moving west in greater numbers Many crossed the Appalachians into the Ohio River Valley Towns were small
Conflict in the Ohio River Valley After the Treaty of Paris, Britain replaced France as the
European power in the Ohio River Valley and in the Great Lakes
Unlike the French, the British want to build settlements
Native Americans begin to join together to resist the British
Chief PontiacOttawa ChiefLeader of Pontiac’s Rebellion
(1763 – 1766)A group of Indians attack British forts in
the Ohio River Valley/Great Lakes areaIn one month they capture or destroy 7
fortsThe Indians fail to take Fort Detroit and
Fort Pitt, two very important fortsIn 1766, Pontiac surrenders
The Proclamation of 1763 Fighting with Native Americans worried
British leaders who didn’t want more fighting or their trade disrupted
King George III signs the Proclamation of 1763 which banned the British from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains
It also called for those living in the Ohio River valley to “remove themselves from such settlements”
The Proclamation was difficult to enforce, many people disobeyed the law – this showed the colonists unhappiness with British attempts to control them