Journal 8/15“In framing a government which is to be

administered by men over men you must first enable the government to control the governed; and in the next place oblige it to control itself.”

-James Madison Federalist 51

Turn this quote into a question…and then answer it.

Journal 8/19

The colonies were unitary. The next step were the articles of confederation. The United States has finally landed on federal.

Your task is to explain the meaning of the italicized words using context clues and your knowledge of US history. In order to fill in any mental gaps you may ask me yes or no questions for 5 minutes…

Federalism

•1: Unitary…

•2: Confederation…

•3: Federal…▫ Direct Democracy:▫ Republic:

1

3

2

Assignment•Open to appendix page 3 in your book. •Read the Articles of Confederation. Answer

the following discussion questions:1) What sounds familiar in this document; in

other words, what was adopted from the AofC into the Constitution?

2) Are there some important rights/powers of the central gov’t that seem to be missing in this document?

3) What issues seem to be important to the writers/signers of this document?

4) What surprises you?

Assignment•Open to appendix page 3 in your book.

•With your group write down the express powers of the central government under the Articles of Confederation

•Read the excerpt from Howerd Zinn’s A People’s History…about the rebellion in Mass. ▫Who was rebelling and why?▫How did this rebellion reflect the

weaknesses in the AofCs?

Journal 8/22So Shays’ Rebellion taught us one thing…

You were lucky enough to be selected a delegate from your state to the Constitutional Convention. On the way to Philadelphia you are attempting to organize your ideas about the new government. First you have to anticipate some of the arguments that will arise about the structure of the new constitution; what are they? Which will be the most important?

Why Bother?•Fear

▫Federalism is a compromise▫The Constitution, not the central gov’t would

reign supreme•Unity

▫Confederalism is a lack of unity▫Unitary is TOO MUCH

•“…A republic if you can keep it”

The Problem With Feds Is…•Federalism requires all people to

accept the dominance of one document▫Difficult in diverse areas…

Iraq India Former USSR Pakistan

•Nation-Centered Federalism•State-Centered Federalism •Dual Federalism

Where is Federalism in the Constitution?•Federalism:

▫10th Amendment _________and _______ powers

▫Checks and Balances (Arts 1-3)

•Not-so-Federalism?▫Necessary and Proper Clause (1.8)▫Supremacy Clause (6.1)

Journal 8/29

A Utah congressman once asked: “who is the sovereign, the state or the federal government?”

How would you answer this question? Think about the 9th and 10th Amendments, the Supremacy Clause (6.2), the necessary and proper clause (1.8), etc…

Journal 9/5

Turn to page 51 of your book. What are “negative powers”? Identify and explain at least one for each branch…

In-Depth PictionsFor each term create an In-Depth Piction:• Categorical Grant• Block Grant• GRS• Unfunded MandateFor each I-DP you will:1)Write the term (duh)2)Provide a description3)Relate it to something else (in this case a form of

federalism)4)Provide an example5)Draw a picture

Dual Federalism, Cooperative Federalism, Picket-Fence Federalism, Coercive Federalism, Competitive Federalism

Political Beliefs

Journal 9/10

Turn to page 171. Look at the table shown there (ON PAGE 171 TYLER JOHNSON). Make some generalizations about the data:▫What is this measuring?▫What label would you place on the column on the

far left?▫What would you place across the top?

What’s Political Socialization? What are agents of political socialization?

Rank the following in order of the most influential to the least influential agent of political socialization.

•Peers•Family•School•Media•Political leaders•Group Identity•Communities

Who are liberals/conservatives?

The Gov’t should provide NOTHING

The Gov’t should provide EVERYTHING

ANY regulation of firearms is illegal

All FIREARMS are illegal

War is ALWAYS the answer War is NEVER the answer

This country should have a national religion

This country should outlaw religion

The gov’t should not regulate ANYTHING

The gov’t should regulate EVERYTHING

The border should be closed to EVERYONE

There should be NO regulation or process for

obtaining citizenshipSex education should NEVER be taught to ANYONE, EVER!

Sex education should be taught to FIRST GRADERS

Liberals are all COMMUNISTS!!

Conservatives are all FASCISTS!!

Political Spectrum•What’s that…?

▫Conservatism Small gov’t on economic matters Large gov’t on moral matters

▫Liberalism Large gov’t on economic (social)

matters Small gov’t on moral matters

▫Libertarianism Gov’t is ALWAYS small

• So what does it look like…?

Political Spectrum

Read 167-174

•Read about the various agents of political socialization.

•For each describe the agent and how it/they shape the ideas of Americans.

•Reflect on your own political ideas. How has each of these agents influenced your opinions? Which has had the most influence?

Key Terms • Political Culture –

Widely or commonly held beliefs/attitudes within a society.

• Political Ideology –A set of principles that provides guidance on the proper behavior of government.

• Efficacy –citizen’s belief in their ability to impact government.

• Legitimacy-citizen’s belief that the government has the right to rule.

• Individualism/limited government/American dream –the individual is responsible for finding prosperity.

Political Political Parties Parties

Journal 9/23Journal 9/23

How do political parties influence How do political parties influence the way our government works? the way our government works?

Could a republic work without Could a republic work without parties? Explain. parties? Explain.

What’s your Party?What’s your Party?Political Party Quiz

• How do you compare with your cohort groups?How do you compare with your cohort groups?

Political Compass• Read the analysis after you take the quiz; Read the analysis after you take the quiz;

according to this site why is their spectrum according to this site why is their spectrum better than the standard left-right line?better than the standard left-right line?

• What are Neo-Libs and Neo-Cons? How are What are Neo-Libs and Neo-Cons? How are these different from the traditional views of these different from the traditional views of liberals and conservatives?liberals and conservatives?

• What surprised you?What surprised you?

243-246243-246•What are/were the distinguishing What are/were the distinguishing characteristics of the 6 party characteristics of the 6 party systems mentioned in the book?systems mentioned in the book?

•What is realignment? What is realignment? •When/why does this usually happen?When/why does this usually happen?•Why did it happen from one party Why did it happen from one party system to the next?system to the next?

Journal 09/24Journal 09/24

Compare the charts on pages 259-Compare the charts on pages 259-260. Identify strong party coalitions 260. Identify strong party coalitions for each party (259). Locate the for each party (259). Locate the issues most important to each party issues most important to each party (260). Can you make a connection (260). Can you make a connection between the people who identify between the people who identify with each party and the issues that with each party and the issues that are important/not important to are important/not important to them? them?

Party OrganizationParty Organization• The National Committee (Party HQ)The National Committee (Party HQ)

▫Headed by National Party ChairHeaded by National Party Chair Appointed by the party or POTUSAppointed by the party or POTUS Spokesperson for partySpokesperson for party

▫House and Senate campaign House and Senate campaign committeescommittees Recruit candidatesRecruit candidates Develop strategy Develop strategy Discuss policy Discuss policy

• State/local party organizationState/local party organization▫Committees and chairs tailor activity Committees and chairs tailor activity

for their levelfor their level

American Party System• Minor “third” partiesMinor “third” parties

▫Most success in local electionsMost success in local elections▫Give issues air time…Give issues air time… Perot and Nat’l DebtPerot and Nat’l Debt Nader and Environmental issuesNader and Environmental issues

▫A “wasted” vote?A “wasted” vote?• Parties are not centralizedParties are not centralized

▫Power is distributedPower is distributed▫POTUS may be the head of the party POTUS may be the head of the party

but congressmen answer to their but congressmen answer to their constituents… constituents…

Journal 9/30Journal 9/30

Read Article II of the Constitution Read Article II of the Constitution again. What is this article about? again. What is this article about? Where is the electoral college Where is the electoral college discussed? Who are the ‘electors’ discussed? Who are the ‘electors’ which make up the electoral which make up the electoral college? What are the rules about college? What are the rules about choosing these people?choosing these people?

Getting NoticedGetting Noticed•Mobilization Mobilization

▫Get Out The Vote (GOTV):Get Out The Vote (GOTV): 1)1) 2)2) 3)3)

▫Campaign PromisesCampaign Promises Discuss popular issuesDiscuss popular issues

Based on________and ________Based on________and ________ Avoid:Avoid: Views are less extreme…Views are less extreme…

▫Push Polls…Push Polls…

Confronting an OpponentConfronting an Opponent•Debates

▫What are the advantages of a debate for What are the advantages of a debate for the challenger?the challenger?

▫What are the dangers for an incumbent? What are the dangers for an incumbent? •Political Ads

▫We do this because…We do this because…▫If an ad comes from a party it tends to If an ad comes from a party it tends to

be…be… If it comes from an interest If it comes from an interest group…group…

Federal FundsFederal Funds• Money given to ____________ candidatesMoney given to ____________ candidates

▫ Candidates may opt out…why would they Candidates may opt out…why would they do this? (309)do this? (309)

▫ Taxpayers:Taxpayers:▫ Funds offered to _____ parties and:Funds offered to _____ parties and:

From 1976-2004 From 1976-2004 every POTUS every POTUS

candidate took candidate took the federal the federal

funding…what funding…what happens in happens in

2008?2008?

Journal 10/9Journal 10/9How might changes such as the How might changes such as the

following help quell the influence of following help quell the influence of money on elections and law making money on elections and law making (choose one to discuss)?(choose one to discuss)?

• More Public FinancingMore Public Financing• Anonymity of big donors Anonymity of big donors • Constitutional AmendmentConstitutional Amendment• Immediate DisclosureImmediate Disclosure

Journal 10/14Journal 10/14•Electoral SystemElectoral System• a) describe the winner take a) describe the winner take all systemall system

• b) how does this affect b) how does this affect presidential campaigns (major presidential campaigns (major parties)parties)

• c) how does it hinder third c) how does it hinder third party campaignsparty campaigns

Special Interest Groups

So…You Wanna Start an Interest So…You Wanna Start an Interest Group? Group? (Brochure assignment)(Brochure assignment)•Create a Brochure which advises people on starting a SIG. Include the following info:▫Definition/goals▫Problems SIGs face▫Different kinds of SIGs▫Different Strategies (the book mentions two

main ones, choose one example of each to explain…the most effective)

▫What is your advice on all of this?