Journal of - ICHCC · 2016-05-11 · Guidelines for Authors Purpose and Objectives The Journal of...

CONTENTS

Timothy F. Field 55 Editorial: The Roles and Functions of a Roger O. Weed Life Care Planner

Jamie Pomeranz 57 Role and Function Study of Nami Yu Life Care PlannersChristine Reid

Mary Barros-Bailey 119 Ethics Interface

Karen Preston 123 Book Review

Debbie Berens 125 Announcements

Elliott & Fitzpatrick, Inc.

Volume 9, Number 3, 2010

Journal ofLife Care Planning

Special IssueRole and Function Study of Life Care Planners

Guidelines for Authors

Purpose and Objectives

The Journal of Life Care Planning publishes refereed education and research materials relevant to thepractice and processes of life care planning. The specific objectives of the Journal are as follows:

1. Publish materials which will add to the growing literature base of the practice of life care planning.

2. Provide the professional field with information regarding events and developments important to the practice of life care planning.

3. Provide a forum for the debate and discussion of practice issues.

4. Promote professional practice by addressing issues relevant to certification, ethics, standards of practice and research methodologies.

5. Promote advanced practice through the publication of preapproved continuing education feature articles.

Manuscript Preparation

Submission of articles and manuscripts consistent with the objectives of the Journal are welcome. In thepreparation of any submission to the Journal, please carefully consider the following:

1. The manuscript should be prepared in APA style. Refer to the Publication Manual of the AmericanPsychological Association, Fifth Edition (A copy may be obtained from APA, 750 First Street, NE,Washington, DC 20002-4242).

2. Manuscripts should be submitted in triplicate along with disk (Preferred format: DOS compatible inMSWord) to the Journal Editor.

3. Avoid footnotes if at all possible and use tables and charts sparingly.

4. Place identifying information (Name(s) of authors(s), addresses, employment, etc.) only on a cover pagein order to facilitate the blind review process.

5. It is expected that most manuscripts will need some revision or enhancement following the Journal’s review process. The final draft of a revised manuscript should be resubmitted to the Editor on disk with one hard copy.

6. Submit only original work, and never work that has been previously published or copyrighted. Please donot submit manuscripts that are under consideration at another source. Quoting from other sources is permissible, but only if carefully documented and referenced. Plagiarism in any form is considered unethical.

7. Use proper language with regard to a person’s sex and/or disabling condition.

8. All manuscripts, if published, (hard copy and disks) become property of the Journal. Manuscripts that are not published will be returned to the author(s). However, the author(s), not the Journal, are responsible for the views and conclusions of a published manuscript.

9. The Editor, and the Editorial Board, have broad latitude in deciding the disposition of an article or manuscript. Issues of relevancy, quality of writing, and adherence to the guidelines for preparation are critical. Manuscripts may be returned without comment to the author, especially if no peer review is involved.

10. Submit articles and manuscripts to Debra E. Berens, 1156 Masters Lane, Snellville, Georgia 30078, (770) 978-9212.

Publisher and EditorTimothy F. Field, Ph.D.

Elliott & Fitzpatrick, Inc., Athens, GA

Editorial Board

SubscriptionsSubscription Rates: Published quarterly (March, June, and September & December). Individual subscriptionis US $85.00; institutional rate is US $100.00. Rates subject to change without notice. Notify IARP immedi-ately of any change of address.

Advertising: Submit ad copy in camera-ready form, of any size, to E & F, Inc. four weeks prior to a publicationdate. Rate is $150 for a full page ad; $85 for a half-page. With no exception, prepayment is required (Check, MCor VISA acceptable). Ad copy must be consistent with the stated objectives of the Journal, and may be refusedat the discretion of the publisher. The Journal, E & F, Inc., or the staff, as a matter of policy, does not endorse inany way products or services that are advertised. All ad copy becomes the property of the Journal.

Policy on Reprints: Any subscriber or reader of the Journal of Life Care Planning, without written permis-sion, may freely reprint or duplicate articles, summaries, reviews, or any other copy published in the Journalwhen used for educational and training purposes. It is respectfully requested, however, that proper acknowl-edgement and APA-style citation accompany any portion(s) reprinted, including the name and address of thepublisher: Elliott & Fitzpatrick, Inc., P.O. Box 1945, Athens, GA 30603.

Publisher: T. Field, Ph.D., Elliott & Fitzpatrick, Inc., 1135 Cedar Shoals Drive, Athens, GA 30605

Copyright: © 2010 Int’l Assoc. of Rehab Professionals

Doreen Casuto, M.R.A.R.N., C.R.R.N., C.C.M., C.L.C.P.Rehabilitation Care CoordinationSan Diego, CA

Paul M. Deutsch, Ph.D.C.R.C., L.M.H.C., C.L.C.P.Paul M. Deutsch & AssociatesOviedo, FL

Tyron Elliott, Esq.Attorney at LawManchester, GA

Carolyn Wiles Higdon, Ph.D.F-ASHA, CCC-SPDr. Carolyn W. Watkins, P.C.The University of MississippiOxford, MS

Rodney Isom, Ph.D.C.R.C., C.D.M.S.Rehabilitation ConsultantDenton, TX

Ann Neulicht, Ph.D.C.R.C., C.L.C.P., C.V.E., C.D.M.S.,L.P.C., D-A.V.B.E..Rehabilitation Consultant/Life Care PlannerRaleigh, NC

Karen Preston, P.H.N.C.R.R.N., M.S., F.I.A.L.C.P.RNS HealthCare Consultants, Inc.Sacramento, CA

Sharon Reavis, M.S.R.N., C.R.C., C.C.M.Health Information ResourcesGlen Allen, VA

Paula Sundance, M.D.Abilitation StrategiesSebastapol, CA

Randall Thomas, Ph.D.C.R.C., N.C.C.Natl. Center for Life Care PlanningMadison, MS

Terry Winkler, M.D.C.L.C.P.Ozark Area Rehabilitation ServicesSpringfield, MO

Andrea Zotovas, M.D., DABPMR Physical Medicine and RehabilitationJuno Beach, FL

Managing EditorDebra E. Berens, Ph.D.C.R.C., C.C.M., C.L.C.P.

Rehabilitation Consultant/Life CarePlanner, Snellville, GA

Associate EditorRoger O. Weed, Ph.D.L.P.C., C.R.C., C.D.M.S./R., C.C.M., F.I.A.L.C.P.

Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA

Editorial: The Roles and Functions of a Life Care Planner

With this issue, the long-awaited and much-anticipated study on the roles and functions ofthe life care planner is complete and presented herein along with two relevant appendices.

This study is the most comprehensive life care planning role and function research projectever completed. Noteworthy is that the methodology was independent of any certificationorganizations and incorporated experienced life care planning professionals in the constructvalidity foundation. Additionally. a wide array of disciplines representing many differentcertifications and organizations were instrumental in completion of the project. Dr. Pomeranzof the University of Florida was the lead researcher and he was joined by his graduate assistant,Nami Yu, and research expert, Professor Chris Reid from Virginia Commonwealth University.This is another study that was supported, in part, by the Foundation for Life Care PlanningResearch.

Following some of the earlier work on roles and functions (of rehabilitation counselors),such as Muthard and Salamone (1969), and Rubin, et al. (1984), along with more recentstudies such as Leahy, et al. (2003), and Turner, et al. (2000), the authors (Pomeranz, Yu, andReid) developed a 122 item instrument on various roles and functions of life care planners. Themultiphase project incorporated a team of researchers, a panel of experts, and participantsattending two national conferences on life care planning to develop and/or confirm therelevancy of the items at various stages. After exhaustive foundation, the final revised surveywas made available for a two month period on-line through list serves to professionals in lifecare planning; 155 professionals completed the survey.

Some interesting demographic highlights include the following:

Mean years of experience: 8.43Number of LCPs completed: 41.5% reported 100 or more Gender of sample: The sample consisted of 83% femalesAge of sample: 79.2% were between the ages of 46-55Education: 48.9% possessed a Master’s DegreesPrimary Field of Practice: Nursing: 49.7%Areas of Practice: 39.9% in case management, 57% in nursing, and

34% in rehabilitation counseling (some practiced in more than one area).

Certifications/Licensure: CCM (49.7%), CLCP (75.2%), and RN (43.9%)many held more than one credential

Active Professional AALNC (24.7%), CMSA (30%), IALCP (60.7%), Memberships: and IARP (69.3%) which indicates that many if not

most life care planners belong to more than oneorganization.

Typical Client Populations: TBI (95.5%), Amputations (76.8%), and Birth Injuries (60%)

Journal of Life Care Planning, Vol. 9, No. 3, (55-56)Printed in U.S.A. All rights reserved ©2010 Elliott & Fitzpatrick, Inc.

56

The remainder of the article consists of the ranked ordered roles or functions as presentedin Table 2 which provides for some interesting reading. This study, spanning more than twoyears, is an important contribution to the life care planning literature and will serve as a basisfor further and much needed research in this area. These data are also important for life careplanning related scope of practice, certification exams, and continuing education programs.Our congratulations to the authors for their focus and dedication to enhancing the practice oflife care planning.

Timothy F. Field, Ph.D.Roger O. Weed, Ph.D.

Role and Function Study of Life Care PlannersJamie L. Pomeranz, Ph.D., CRC, CLCP

Nami S. Yu, MHS, CRCChristine Reid, Ph.D., CRC

AbstractThis article summarizes the results of a two-year role and function study. The purpose of

this study was to identify the role and function employed by professional life care planners.Role and function studies help to define a profession and provide an empirical basis forestablishment of educational standards and certification requirements. The study encompassedfour phases that included qualitative and quantitative methodologies. A qualitative analysis ofthe life care planning, case management, and rehabilitation counseling literature revealed 532potential roles and functions performed by life care planners. Following a content analysis andexpert review by participants attending the 2008 Life Care Planning Summit, a 122-item roleand function instrument was developed and administered to professional life care planners(n=160). Participants who completed the instrument indicated that all 122 roles and functionswere at least "important" to the field of life care planning. Additionally, a majority of the itemswere "occasionally" to "often" performed by life care planners. Finally, to confirm the 22themes or constructs that emerged from the study, participants at the 2009 InternationalSymposium on Life Care Planning (n=93) were asked to place the specific roles and functionsinto corresponding themes to validate those constructs. Results of this study have importantimplications for updating life care planning training curricula and certifications requirements,as well as for practicing life care planners and other stakeholders.

Introduction Role and function studies are evidence-based studies of the knowledge, skills, and

activities performed by individuals engaging in their profession or a specialty area within theirprofession. The practice of life care planning is a relatively new specialty in rehabilitation,with initial descriptions of the practice published fewer than 30 years ago (Deutsch & Raffa,1981, 1982). Since that time, a growing body of literature has addressed a wide variety oftopics relevant to life care planning; training programs to prepare professionals to become lifecare planners have been established; and organizations focusing on life care planning practicehave developed (Reid, Deutsch, & Kitchen, 2005; Weed & Berens, 2010). Over the pastdecade, biennial Life Care Planning Summits have been held to establish a consensusdefinition of the practice of life care planning (Berens, Johnson, Pomeranz, & Preston, 2010;Weed & Berens, 2001) and agreed-upon standards of practice (International Academy of LifeCare Planners, 2006; Reavis, 2002). Doctoral students have completed dissertations related tolife care planning practice; examples of publications resulting from these dissertations includeTurner, R.N., Taylor, D.W., Rubin, S.E., and May, V.R., III. (2000), and Pomeranz, J.L., Shaw,L.R., Sawyer, H.W., and Velozo, C.A. (2006). Other researchers have addressed a variety oftopics relevant to life care planning, primarily through retrospective analyses or surveys. Someof this research has been supported by the Foundation for Life Care Planning Research(FLCPR, http://flcpr.org/). However, until recently, there had been no extensive study of the

Journal of Life Care Planning, Vol. 9, No. 3, (57-106)Printed in U.S.A. All rights reserved ©2010 Elliott & Fitzpatrick, Inc.

58 Pomeranz, Yu and Reid

role and function of life care planners, and none conducted independent of a certificationorganization.

Role and function studies help to define a profession, and to provide an empirical basisfor establishment of educational standards and certification requirements (Leahy, Chan, &Saunders, 2003). Life care planners are frequently asked to explain the role and function of alife care planner; having a contemporary empirical basis for answering that question would bevaluable. For some people seeking information about life care planning, having access to astudy describing the essential functions would be informative and potentially useful indeciding whether or not to retain the services of a life care planner. For attorneys and judges,reference to a methodologically sound peer-reviewed published role and function study couldhelp to establish parameters for the expertise associated with life care planning practice.

The results of role and function studies have great value in establishing and revisingstandards for educational programs and certification processes. For example, after the initialrole and function study for the profession of Rehabilitation Counseling was published(Muthard & Salamone, 1969), the knowledge areas identified in that study served as the basisfor the examination content “blueprint” for the first Certified Rehabilitation Counselor Exam(CRCE) administered in 1974. Since that time, periodic updated role and function studies haveserved to update that examination content blueprint to ensure that the certification examinationis empirically based on knowledge currently needed by members of that profession. Forexample, the two most recent role and function studies for certified rehabilitation counselors(Leahy, Chan, & Saunders, 2003; Leahy, Muenzen, Saunders, & Strauser, 2009) identifiedknowledge of life care planning as essential for rehabilitation counseling practice; however,that knowledge area was not identified in the initial 1969 study. Similarly, the accrediting bodyfor rehabilitation counseling education programs, the Council on Rehabilitation Education(CORE, HYPERLINK "http://www.core-rehab.org"http://www.core-rehab.org) used the firstpublished role and function study in the early 1970s to inform development of educationalstandards for the accreditation of rehabilitation counseling graduate programs. The processused by CORE to periodically revise accreditation standards includes consideration of updatedrole and function study results, as well as other evidence of what is necessary to evaluate thequality of educational programs.

Although educational programs have already been developed to help prepare life careplanners, the results of a role and function study focused on life care planning should prompteducators to ensure that they teach all of the elements that are necessary for life care planningpractice, as identified through empirical study. Similarly, any certification examinations forlife care planning credentials should be developed and revised to appropriately sample theactual knowledge domains determined to be essential for life care planning practice.Designing or revising examination content blueprints to reflect a current role and functionresearch result is an appropriate way to establish the content validity of such an examination.

This article describes the process used to conduct a comprehensive life care planning roleand function study. The multi-method processes used to conduct the study itself, and resultsof that study, will be presented.

MethodsPhase 1: Identification of Roles and Functions

This study encompassed four phases spanning over a two-year period. For phase 1, theteam of researchers identified literature on previous role and function studies performed forcase managers, rehabilitation counselors and life care planners (e.g. Muthard et al., 1969;

Roles and Functions Study of Life Care Planners 59

Rubin, et al., 1984; Turner et al., 2000). Potential roles and functions were identified andsynthesized using a qualitative approach. A qualitative data analysis using NVivo® QualitativeSoftware Version 7 (2006) was used to group all roles and functions into themes. NVivo® isdesigned for researchers who are interested in combining subtle coding with qualitativelinking, shaping and modeling. NVivo® provides the researcher with a means for handlingqualitative data records and information about them, for browsing and enriching text, codingit visually or at categories, and annotating and gaining access to data records accurately andswiftly (QSR International, 2006). To group the items into themes, a team of researchersbrowsed and coded the data based on specific constructs and items to be considered for thedevelopment of a life care planning role and function survey.

Following the initial analysis, items were reviewed by an expert panel to determine whichitems should be retained for the life care planning role and function survey. The purpose of thispanel was to ensure content validity of the items to be used in the survey stage. The panelconsisted of five experienced life care planning experts representing multiple disciplines (i.e.,rehabilitation counseling, nursing, neuropsychology, and research methodology). Two panelmembers were past recipients of the LCP lifetime achievement award and had over 20 yearsexperience each in life care planning, and one panel member currently serves as the researchdirector for the Foundation of Life Care Planning Research. Each member of the expert panelwas asked to review the items and themes and determine which ones should be retained for thelife care planning role and function survey instrument. They were asked specifically if, in theiropinion, the items presented were relevant to life care planning. The expert panelists also wereasked to recommend if any items should be combined or organized differently, as well as toremark on the appropriateness of the themes. A telephone conference followed to discuss thecomments reported by the expert panelists. The research team, made up the principalinvestigator, two co-investigators, and a research assistant, then organized therecommendations into a role and function survey instrument. The instrument includeddemographic questions as well as items in which life care planners were asked to rate theimportance of performing each item and the frequency in which those roles and functions areperformed in practice. Some demographic questions were adapted from the 2001 Life CarePlanning Survey conducted by Neulicht, Riddick-Grisham, Hinton, Costantini, Thomas, andGoodrich (2002). For purposes of the role and function survey, the following rating scale wasused:

Importance: Frequency:1 – Not Important 1 – Never (0%)2 – Somewhat Important 2 – Occasional (1-33%)3 – Important 3 – Often (34-(66%)4 – Very Important 4 – Very Often (67-99%)5 – Essential 5 – Always (100%)

Phase II: Initial AdministrationThe role and function survey was presented for review to all life care planners who

attended the 2008 Life Care Planning Summit (n=40). Participants were asked to includecomments regarding the appropriateness and breadth of coverage of the instrument, or anyother issues that the research team should consider when making revisions to the survey.Feedback from the Summit participants was used to develop a revised version of the role andfunction survey instrument.


Phase III: Life Care Planning Role and Function Online SurveyThe updated role and function instrument was then distributed online with an invitation

for all life care planners to participate. Requests for participation were placed on three life careplanning listservs (The Care Planner Network, International Commission on HealthcareCertification list serv for Certified Life Care Planners/CLCPs, and Forensic Section of theInternational Association of Rehabilitation Professionals). Participants were asked to providedemographic information, and for each item, indicate an importance rating and frequency withwhich that role or function is performed in practice. A copy of this instrument is provided inAppendix A. The authors used the online survey company, SurveyMonkey, (HYPERLINK"http://www.surveymonkey.com"www.surveymonkey.com) to develop, administer, collect,and analyze the survey results. This software allowed the researchers to obtain accurateinformation on a secure server. Participants received one continuing education credit offeredby ICHCC toward CLCP renewal. The survey was available to life care planners for twomonths.

Phase IV Theme Placement: Construct ValidityIn order to assess construct validity, 99 participants at the 2009 International Symposium

on Life Care Planning (ISLCP) were asked to sort into themes those items that were endorsedas "important." Among the 21 identified themes, participants were asked to designate a firstchoice (the most applicable theme) and second choice (the second most applicable theme) foreach item. A total of ninety-three life care planners participated in the final phase of the study.The research team collaborated and developed a decision rule for assessing whether categoryselection accuracy rates were evidence of construct validity. The researchers determined thatall items were considered accurately placed into theme categories if the items were associatedwith their respective categories by a factor of at least three times the rate one would expectfrom random categorization by chance alone.

ResultsPhase 1: Identification of Roles and Functions

As previously described, the researchers identified previous role and function studiesperformed for case managers, rehabilitation counselors, and life care planners, as well as otherliterature relevant to life care planning. Qualitative analysis produced a total of 532 itemsgrouped into 22 themes. To establish content validity, the expert panel reviewed the 532 itemsand determined which items should be retained for the life care planning role and functionsurvey instrument. The expert panel reduced the number of items to 235 and reorganized andrenamed them into 21 themes.

Phase II: Initial AdministrationAn initial administration of the instrument incorporated the 235 items. The instrument

was administered to participants at the 2008 Life Care Planning Summit (N = 40). Participantswere asked to complete the survey and include comments regarding the appropriateness andbreadth of coverage of the instrument or any other issues that the research team shouldconsider when making revisions to the survey. Feedback from all Summit participants wasreviewed and synthesized resulting in a 122-item survey instrument.

Phase III: Life Care Planning Role and Function Online SurveyThe life care planning role and function online survey was administered to life care


planners using SurveyMonkey (See Appendix A). Two hundred seventeen participants beganthe survey and 155 completed the full survey (71.42 % response rate). Table 1 represents thedemographic characteristics of the sample. As Table 1 indicates, the sample represents aheterogeneous group of individuals from different professions, with a majority coming fromnursing, case management and rehabilitation counseling professions (49.7%, 45.2% and37.6% respectively), and some of whom were certified and/or licensed in more than onediscipline. A majority of the participants fell within the 46-65 years age range (79.2%), and41.5% of the respondents had completed over 100 life care plans. Females were more highlyrepresented than males in this sample, which is consistent with previous studies of life careplanners (Neulicht, et al., 2002, Pomeranz, et al., 2006; Pomeranz, Yu, Wemmer, & Watson,2007). Additionally, 74.9% of the participants were CLCP.

Table 1. Demographic VariablesVariable Std. Dev.Mean Experience (in years) 11.19 8.43 Range (in years) (0-39)

Variable PercentageNumber of LCP Completed0-20 25.2%21-40 13.8%41-60 8.8%61-80 6.9%81-100 3.8%Over 100 41.5%

GenderMale 17.0%Female 83.0%

Age (in years)18-25 0.0%26-35 4.4%36-45 11.3%46-55 43.4%56-65 35.8%Over 65 5.0%

Highest Level of EducationBachelor’s Degree 36.8%Master’s Degree 48.9%PhD/EdD 12.8%JD/LLB/LLM 0.0%MD 0.8%Technical 0.8%Other: Associate’s Degree, Nursing Degree 24.8%


Primary Clinical Field(s) of PracticeAudiology 0.0%Case Management 45.2%Counseling 5.1%Marriage and Family Therapy 0.6%Medicine 1.3%Nursing 49.7%Occupational Therapy 2.5%Physical Therapy 1.9%Psychology/Neuropsychology 1.3%Rehabilitation Counseling 37.6%Social Work 1.3%Speech-Language Pathology 0.0%Other: Life Care Planning, Legal Consulting 12.1%

Currently Licensed/Registered and/or Certified in the Following Fields of PracticeAudiology 0.0%Case Management 39.9%Counseling 16.3%Marriage and Family Therapy 1.3%Medicine 0.7%Nursing 57.5%Occupational Therapy 2.6%Physical Therapy 2.0%Psychology/Neuropsychology 0.7%Rehabilitation Counseling 34.0%Social Work 1.3%Speech-Language Pathology 0.0%Other: Life Care Planning, Disability 23.5%

Management Specialist

Licensed/Registered and/or Certified as a:ABPP 0.0%ABVE 8.3%ACSW 0.6%CCM 49.7%CDMS 22.3%CLCP 75.2%CLNC 5.1%CNA 0.6%CNLCP 11.5%CRC 32.5%CRRN 12.7%CVE 3.8%FIALCP 3.8%LMHC 3.2%LNCC 5.1%


LPC 9.6%LPN 0.0%NCC 1.3%OT 2.5%PT 1.9%RN 43.9%SLP-CCC 0.0%Other: ABDA, CEA, CEN, PHN, MSCC 28.7%

Active Membership to the Following OrganizationsAALNC 24.7%AANLCP 18.7%ABVE 10.7%ACA/ARCA 4.0%ACRM 1.3%ANA 10.0%AOTA 2.7%APTA 2.0%AREA 3.3%ARN 12.7%ASHA 0.0%BIA 12.7%CMSA 30.0%IALCP 60.7%IARP 69.3%NAFE 2.7%NASPPR 2.7%NRA/RCEA 10.0%ARCA 8.7%RESNA 1.3%Other: AASCIN, ABA, ACCM, APA, NAMSAP, 29.3%

NANDA, NCRE, VRAC, WCRCMA

Current Primary Practice SettingAttorney’s Office 1.3%Corporation with Sub-Contractors 3.4%Hospital/Rehabilitation Setting 3.4%Insurance Company 4.0%Owner/Independent Practice (With Employees) 32.2%Private Rehabilitation Company as an Employee 14.8%Sole Proprietor (No Employees) 48.3%Other: Educational Setting, S Corporation 10.1%

Life Care Planning Activities Constitute Approximately ___ of My Work ActivitiesNone 1.9%1-25% 35.8%26-50% 13.8%


51-75% 28.3%76-100% 20.1%

Provide Life Care Planning Services on a ___ LevelLocal (e.g., statewide) 32.7%Regional (e.g., 3-5 state radius) 47.4%National 38.5%International 10.3%

Typical Age Range of ClientsAll, or mostly all adults (18 years and older) 55.2%All, or mostly all children (under the age of 18) 0.6%Typically evenly split between adults and children 44.2%Other 3.2%

Population You Typically Work WithAcquired Brain Injury/Traumatic Brain Injury 95.5%Amputations 76.8%Birth Injuries/Anoxia 60.0%Burns 47.7%Chronic Diseases (e.g., MS, Diabetes, Chronic Pain, Cancer) 53.5%Developmental Disabilities (e.g., MRI) 38.7%Non-Catastrophic Injuries 35.5%Organ Transplants 28.4%Orthopedic Conditions 80.0%Psychological/Psychiatric Conditions 34.8%Spinal Cord Injuries 89.0%Other 6.5%

How Often Are You Asked To Analyze/Critique Other Life Care Plans?I am never asked to analyze/critique other life care plans 13.2%1-10 times per year 60.4%11-20 times per year 13.8%21-40 times per year 7.5%40+ times per year 5.0%

Percentage of Caseload Comprised of Analyzing the Plans of Other0-25% 84.9%26-50% 11.9%51-75% 3.1%76-100% 0.0%

Have Office Staff/Subcontractees Who Assist with Completion of the Life Care Plan

Yes 54.1%


If So, Which Activities Do The Office Staff/Subcontractees Perform?Verbal Correspondence 40.5%Written Correspondence 47.6%Medical Review 56.0%Research for Supporting Recommendations 53.6%Costing Research 83.3%Report Development 31.0%Other 14.3%

No 45.9%

Table 2 illustrates the participants’ responses to the “importance” of each life careplanning role or function, as well as the “frequency” with which the life care planner performssuch roles or functions. The results are ordered on “importance” based on item means. Lifecare planners responded using the following importance and frequency scales:

Importance: Frequency:1 – Not Important 1 – Never (0%)2 – Somewhat Important 2 – Rarely (1-25%)3 – Important 3 – Occasionally (26-50%)4 – Very Important 4 – Often (51-75%)5 – Essential 5 – Frequently (76-100%)

Table 2 includes “importance” and “frequency” results of responses, with correspondingmeans, and standard deviations (s.d.). All the items were endorsed with a mean of at least “3-Important.” This suggests that all 122 items in the survey were considered important roles andfunctions of a life care planner. Additionally, there appeared to be low rates of variability inresponses, as evidenced by small standard deviations. The standard deviations associated with“importance” for the entire survey ranged from .08 (Item 100) to 1.42 (Item 42). A majorityof the items were “occasionally” to “often” performed by life care planners. The lowest meanfrequency value reported by life care planners was 2.70 (s.d. 1.4), “performing programevaluations and research functions to document improvements in client outcomes followingLCP development.” This suggests that life care planners on average are occasionally to oftenperforming this role and function in practice. In terms of the "importance" of performing thisrole and function, life care planners indicated a mean of 3.62, translating to "important" to"very important." This suggests that although life care planners may not perform a role andfunction frequently, they do believe that the role or function is important.

66 Pomeranz, Yu and ReidTable 2. Importance and Frequency

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3 –

0 4

– 6

5 –

149

4.96

.1

9 1

– 0

2 –

0 3

– 1

4 –

4 5

– 15

1

4.96

.2

2

87. H

ave

an a

dequ

ate

amou

nt o

f med

ical

and

oth

er d

ata

to fo

rm

reco

mm

enda

tion.

1

– 0

2 –

0 3

– 0

4.95

.2

1 1

– 0

2 –

0 3

– 1

4.93

.2

8

4 –

7 5

– 14

8

4 –

9 5

– 14

6

48. R

evie

w m

edic

al re

cord

s fro

m p

hysi

cian

s, nu

rses

, PTs

, OTs

, and

spee

ch

ther

apis

ts to

ass

ess t

he c

lient

’s m

edic

al st

atus

. 1

– 0

2

– 0

3 –

0 4

– 8

5 –

145

4.95

.2

2 1

– 0

2 –

0 3

– 2

4 –

11

5 –

141

4.88

.4

6

54. A

pply

inte

rper

sona

l com

mun

icat

ion

skill

s (ve

rbal

and

writ

ten)

whe

n w

orki

ng w

ith a

ll pa

rties

invo

lved

in a

cas

e.

1 –

0 2

– 0

3 –

2 4

– 11

5

– 14

2

4.90

.3

4 1

– 1

2 –

0 3

– 2

4 –

12

5 –

141

4.87

.4

6

9. A

sses

s the

nee

d fo

r med

icat

ions

and

supp

lies.

1 –

0

2 –

1 3

– 1

4 –

10

5 –

142

4.90

.3

8 1

– 1

2

– 1

3 –

10

4 –

13

5 –

131

4.74

.6

6

83. R

efra

in fr

om in

appr

opria

te, d

isto

rted

or u

ntru

e co

mm

ents

abo

ut c

olle

ague

s an

d/or

life

car

e pl

anni

ng tr

aini

ng p

rogr

ams.

1 –

0 2

– 0

3 –

2 4

– 12

5

– 14

0

4.90

.3

5 1

– 1

2

– 1

3 –

2 4

– 9

5 –

141

4.87

.5

1

11. A

sses

s the

nee

d fo

r fut

ure

rout

ine

med

ical

car

e.

1 –

0 2

– 0

3 –

1 4

– 15

5

– 13

7

4.89

.3

4 1

– 1

2 –

1 3

– 6

4 –

16

5 –

129

4.77

.6

1

85. D

iscl

ose

to th

e cl

ient

and

refe

rral

sour

ces w

hat r

ole

you

are

assu

min

g an

d w

hen

or if

role

s shi

ft.

1 –

0 2

– 1

3 –

2 4

– 10

4.89

.4

1 1

– 1

2

– 2

3 –

4 4

– 4

4.86

.5

8


5 –

140

5

–142

39. P

rovi

de fa

ir an

d re

pres

enta

tive

cost

s rel

evan

t to

the

geog

raph

ic a

rea

or

regi

on.

1 –

0 2

– 1

3 –

3 4

– 9

5 –

141

4.88

.4

3 1

– 1

2 –

2 3

– 4

4 –

8 5

– 14

0

4.83

.5

9

28. I

f app

licab

le, s

peci

fies c

ost f

or fu

ture

rout

ine

med

ical

car

e.

1 –

0 2

– 0

3 –

1 4

– 16

5

– 13

6

4.88

.3

4 1

– 1

2 –

1 3

– 3

4 –

12

5 –

137

4.84

.5

4

2. A

sses

s the

nee

d fo

r pro

ject

ed th

erap

eutic

mod

aliti

es.

1 –

0 2

– 0

3 –

1 4

– 17

5

– 13

8

4.88

.3

5 1

– 1

2 –

1 3

– 4

4 –

17

5 –

133

4.79

.5

8

47. A

pply

kno

wle

dge

of h

ealth

car

e/m

edic

al/re

habi

litat

ion

term

inol

ogy.

1

– 0

2 –

0 3

– 1

4 –

17

5 –

136

4.88

.3

5 1

– 0

2 –

1 3

– 1

4 –

15

5 –

138

4.87

.4

1

10. A

sses

s the

nee

d fo

r hom

e/at

tend

ant/f

acili

ty c

are.

1

– 0

2 –

0 3

– 2

4 –

15

5 –

137

4.88

.3

7 1

– 1

2

– 2

3 –

7 4

– 21

5

– 12

5

4.71

.6

7

4. A

sses

s the

nee

d fo

r whe

elch

air/m

obili

ty n

eeds

. 1

– 0

2 –

1 3

– 1

4 –

15

5 –

138

4.87

.4

1 1

– 1

2 –

2 3

– 10

4

– 29

5

– 11

3

4.62

.7

2


22. I

f app

licab

le, s

peci

fies c

ost f

or w

heel

chai

r/mob

ility

nee

ds.

1 –

0 2

– 0

3 –

3 4

– 15

5

– 13

6

4.86

.4

0 1

– 1

2 –

3 3

– 6

4 –

16

5 –

129

4.74

.6

8

61. A

s app

ropr

iate

, rel

y up

on q

ualif

ied

med

ical

and

alli

ed h

ealth

pro

fess

iona

l op

inio

ns w

hen

deve

lopi

ng th

e lif

e ca

re p

lan.

1

– 0

2 –

0 3

– 3

4 –

15

5 –

136

4.86

.4

0 1

– 1

2 –

0 3

– 1

4 –

22

5 –

131

4.82

.4

9

26. I

f app

licab

le, s

peci

fies c

ost f

or m

edic

atio

n/su

pply

. 1

– 0

2 –

0 3

– 3

4 –

15

5 –

135

4.86

.4

0 1

– 1

2

– 1

3 –

5 4

– 14

5

– 13

3

4.80

.5

9

68. I

f allo

wed

, con

duct

a c

ompr

ehen

sive

inte

rvie

w w

ith th

e cl

ient

, his

/her

fa

mily

and

/or s

igni

fican

t oth

er(s

), if

poss

ible

. 1

– 0

2 –

0 3

– 5

4 –

12

5 –

137

4.86

.4

3 1

– 2

2

– 1

3 –

4 4

– 19

5

– 12

9

4.75

.6

6

6. A

sses

s ind

epen

dent

livi

ng a

nd a

dapt

ive

equi

pmen

t nee

ds.

1 –

0 2

– 0

3 –

1 4

– 20

5

– 13

2

4.86

.3

7 1

– 1

2

– 1

3 –

3 4

– 34

5

– 11

4

4.69

.6

1

27. I

f app

licab

le, s

peci

fies c

ost f

or h

ome/

atte

ndan

t/fac

ility

car

e.

1 –

0 2

– 2

3 –

0 4

– 17

5

– 13

6

4.85

.4

5 1

– 0

2

– 3

3 –

6 4

– 14

5

– 13

2

4.77

.6

1


20. I

f app

licab

le, s

peci

fies c

ost f

or p

roje

cted

ther

apeu

tic m

odal

ities

. 1

– 0

2 –

0 3

– 6

4 –

12

5 –

136

4.84

.4

6 1

– 1

2

– 1

3 –

5 4

– 16

5

– 13

1

4.79

.5

9

105.

Mai

ntai

n co

ntin

uing

edu

catio

n in

are

as a

ssoc

iate

d w

ith y

our l

ife c

are

plan

ning

pra

ctic

e.

1 –

0 2

– 0

3 –

4 4

– 17

5

– 13

0

4.83

.4

4 1

– 0

2

– 2

3 –

7 4

– 10

5

– 13

3

4.80

.5

8

70. I

nclu

de re

com

men

datio

ns th

at a

re w

ithin

you

r are

a of

exp

ertis

e.

1 –

0 2

– 0

3 –

2 4

– 22

5

– 13

1

4.83

.4

1 1

– 1

2

– 0

3 –

0 4

– 20

5

– 13

4

4.85

.4

6

23. I

f app

licab

le, s

peci

fies c

ost f

or in

depe

nden

t liv

ing

and

adap

tive

equi

pmen

t ne

eds f

or in

depe

nden

t fun

ctio

n/liv

ing.

1

– 0

2 –

0 3

– 3

4 –

19

5 –

127

4.83

.4

3 1

– 1

2

– 5

3 –

4 4

– 16

5

– 12

3

4.71

.7

4

16. A

sses

s the

nee

d fo

r arc

hite

ctur

al re

nova

tions

for a

cces

sibi

lity.

1

– 0

2 –

0 3

– 5

4 –

17

5 –

132

4.82

.4

6 1

– 1

2 –

3 3

– 13

4

– 28

5

– 10

9

4.56

.7

8

19. I

f app

licab

le, s

peci

fies c

ost f

or p

roje

cted

eva

luat

ions

. 1

– 0

2 –

0 3

– 7

4 –

13

5 –

134

4.82

.4

9 1

– 1

2

– 2

3 –

6 4

– 15

5

– 13

1

4.76

.6

5

82. A

ccep

t ref

erra

ls o

nly

in th

e ar

eas o

f you

or y

our a

genc

y’s c

ompe

tenc

y.

1 –

0 4.

82

.54

1 –

0

4.84

.5

4


2 –

2 3

– 5

4 –

12

5 –

136

2 –

3 3

– 3

4 –

10

5 –

139

8.

Ass

ess t

he n

eed

for h

ome

furn

ishi

ngs a

nd a

cces

sorie

s. 1

– 0

2 –

0 3

– 4

4 –

20

5 –

129

4.82

.4

5 1

– 1

2

– 3

3 –

12

4 –

25

5 –

114

4.60

.7

7

24. I

f app

licab

le, s

peci

fies c

ost f

or a

nd re

plac

emen

t of o

rthot

ics a

nd

pros

thet

ics.

1 –

0 2

– 2

3 –

2 4

– 18

5

– 13

0

4.82

.5

1 1

– 1

2

– 5

3 –

5 4

– 20

5

– 12

3

4.68

.7

5

1. A

sses

s the

nee

d fo

r pro

ject

ed e

valu

atio

ns.

1 –

0 2

– 1

3 –

2 4

– 22

5

– 13

2

4.82

.4

6 1

– 1

2

– 2

3 –

4 4

– 23

5

– 12

8

4.74

.6

3

29. I

f app

licab

le, s

peci

fies c

ost f

or tr

ansp

orta

tion

need

s. 1

– 0

2 –

0 3

– 3

4 –

23

5 –

128

4.81

.4

4 1

– 1

2

– 4

3 –

7 4

– 23

5

– 12

0

4.66

.7

4

122.

Con

side

r the

impa

ct o

f agi

ng o

n di

sabi

lity

and

func

tion

whe

n de

velo

ping

lif

e ca

re p

lann

ing

reco

mm

enda

tions

. 1

– 0

2 –

1 3

– 3

4 –

20

5 –

128

4.81

.4

9 1

– 1

2

– 3

3 –

6 4

– 17

5

– 12

4

4.72

.7

2

49. A

pply

kno

wle

dge

rega

rdin

g th

e in

terr

elat

ions

hip

betw

een

med

ical

, ps

ycho

logi

cal,

soci

olog

ical

, and

beh

avio

ral c

ompo

nent

s of i

njur

y/ill

ness

. 1

– 0

2 –

0 4.

80

.45

1 –

2

2 –

1 4.

75

.68


3 –

3 4

– 24

5

– 12

6

3 –

6 4

– 16

5

– 12

8

21. I

f app

licab

le, s

peci

fies c

ost f

or d

iagn

ostic

test

ing/

educ

atio

nal a

sses

smen

t. 1

– 0

2 –

1 3

– 5

4 –

17

5 –

130

4.80

.5

1 1

– 2

2

– 2

3 –

6 4

– 17

5

– 12

8

4.72

.7

2

5. A

sses

s the

nee

d fo

r whe

elch

air/m

obili

ty a

cces

sorie

s and

mai

nten

ance

. 1

– 0

2 –

1 3

– 4

4 –

20

5 –

130

4.80

.5

0 1

– 1

2

– 3

3 –

10

4 –

33

5 –

109

4.58

.7

5

51. I

f app

licab

le, r

ecog

nize

psy

chol

ogic

al p

robl

ems r

equi

ring

cons

ulta

tion

or

refe

rral

. 1

– 0

2 –

0 3

– 5

4 –

21

5 –

128

4.80

.4

8 1

– 1

2

– 4

3 –

10

4 –

24

5 –

117

4.62

.7

7

46. A

pply

med

ical

kno

wle

dge

of p

oten

tial c

ompl

icat

ions

, inj

ury/

dise

ase

proc

ess,

incl

udin

g th

e ex

pect

ed le

ngth

of r

ecov

ery

and

the

treat

men

t opt

ions

av

aila

ble.

1 –

0 2

– 2

3 –

3 4

– 20

5

– 12

7

4.79

.5

4 1

– 1

2

– 3

3 –

5 4

– 25

5

– 12

1

4.69

.6

9

12. A

sses

s the

nee

d fo

r tra

nspo

rtatio

n.

1 –

0 2

– 1

3 –

4 4

– 22

5

– 12

7

4.79

.5

1 1

– 1

2 –

4 3

– 9

4 –

27

5 –

111

4.60

.7

7

33. I

f app

licab

le, s

peci

fies c

ost f

or a

rchi

tect

ural

reno

vatio

ns fo

r acc

essi

bilit

y.

1 –

0 2

– 0

3 –

5

4.78

.4

9 1

– 1

2

– 8

3 –

15

4.50

.9

1


4 –

23

5 –

125

4 –

20

5 –

111

3.

Ass

ess t

he n

eed

for d

iagn

ostic

test

ing/

educ

atio

nal a

sses

smen

t. 1

– 1

2 –

0 3

– 5

4 –

20

5 –

130

4.78

.5

6 1

– 4

2

– 3

3 –

5 4

– 30

5

– 11

7

4.59

.8

5

25. I

f app

licab

le, s

peci

fies c

ost f

or h

ome

furn

ishi

ngs a

nd a

cces

sorie

s. 1

– 0

2 –

1 3

– 5

4 –

21

5 –

128

4.78

.5

3 1

– 1

2

– 5

3 –

9 4

– 18

5

– 12

2

4.65

.7

9

78. S

tay

curr

ent w

ith th

e re

leva

nt li

fe c

are

plan

ning

lite

ratu

re.

1 –

0 2

– 0

3 –

4 4

– 26

5

– 12

4

4.78

.4

8 1

– 1

2

– 1

3 –

8 4

– 36

5

– 10

9

4.62

.6

8

50. S

ynth

esiz

e as

sess

men

t inf

orm

atio

n to

prio

ritiz

e ca

re n

eeds

and

dev

elop

the

life

care

pla

n.

1 –

3 2

– 2

3 –

1 4

– 14

5

– 13

4

4.78

.7

1 1

– 4

2

– 2

3 –

1 4

– 11

5

– 13

6

4.77

.7

6

89. P

repa

re c

ase

note

s and

repo

rts u

sing

app

licab

le fo

rms a

nd sy

stem

s in

orde

r to

doc

umen

t cas

e ac

tiviti

es in

com

plia

nce

with

stan

dard

pra

ctic

es a

nd

regu

latio

ns.

1 –

0 2

– 2

3 –

4 4

– 21

5

– 12

7

4.77

.5

6 1

– 2

2

– 1

3 –

4 4

– 22

5

– 12

4

4.73

.6

7

88. M

onito

r to

ensu

re th

at th

e lif

e ca

re p

lann

ing

wor

k is

per

form

ed a

nd th

at it

m

eets

stan

dard

s and

acc

epte

d pr

actic

es.

1 –

2 2

– 1

3 –

2 4

– 20

4.77

.6

4 1

– 3

2

– 5

3 –

5 4

– 15

4.66

.8

5


5 –

127

5

– 12

6

7. A

sses

s the

nee

d fo

r and

repl

acem

ent o

f orth

otic

s and

pro

sthe

tics.

1 –

0 2

– 2

3 –

6 4

– 18

5

– 12

9

4.77

.5

8 1

– 1

2

– 5

3 –

12

4 –

34

5 –

104

4.51

.8

2

77. A

pply

kno

wle

dge

rega

rdin

g th

e ty

pes o

f per

sona

l car

e.

1 –

0 2

– 0

3 –

6 4

– 29

5

– 12

0

4.74

.5

2 1

– 1

2

– 6

3 –

8 4

– 24

5

– 11

7

4.60

.8

1

101.

Iden

tify

one’

s ow

n bi

ases

, stre

ngth

s, an

d w

eakn

esse

s tha

t may

aff

ect t

he

deve

lopm

ent o

f hea

lthy

clie

nt re

latio

nshi

ps.

1 –

1 2

– 2

3 –

3 4

– 24

5

– 12

1

4.74

.6

3 1

– 2

2 –

4 3

– 5

4 –

24

5 –

117

4.64

.7

8

69. A

ddre

ss g

aps i

n re

cord

s and

/or l

ife c

are

plan

reco

mm

enda

tions

. 1

– 1

2 –

0 3

– 6

4 –

26

5 –

121

4.72

7 .6

0 1

– 2

2

– 3

3 –

8 4

– 17

5

– 12

5

4.68

.7

7

58. R

ecom

men

d se

rvic

es th

at m

axim

ize

func

tiona

l cap

acity

and

inde

pend

ence

fo

r per

sons

with

cat

astro

phic

dis

abili

ties t

hrou

gh th

e ag

ing

proc

ess.

1 –

1 2

– 0

3 –

5 4

– 31

5

– 11

6

4.71

.6

0 1

– 0

2

– 2

3 –

8 4

– 29

5

– 11

4

4.67

.6

4

41. U

se e

ffec

tive

time

man

agem

ent s

trate

gies

whe

n de

velo

ping

the

life

care

pl

an.

1 –

1 2

– 2

3 –

4 4

– 28

5

– 11

9

4.70

.6

5 1

– 2

2

– 4

3 –

7 4

– 37

5

– 10

3

4.54

.8

1


102.

As a

ppro

pria

te, a

ttend

pro

fess

iona

l con

fere

nces

. 1

– 0

2 –

0 3

– 7

4 –

32

5 –

113

4.70

.5

5 1

– 0

2

– 2

3 –

17

4 –

39

5 –

95

4.48

.7

4

90. A

pply

kno

wle

dge

of c

linic

al p

athw

ays,

stan

dard

s of c

are,

pra

ctic

e gu

idel

ines

. 1

– 0

2 –

4 3

– 7

4 –

22

5 –

122

4.69

0 .6

8 1

– 1

2

– 7

3 –

12

4 –

19

5 –

116

4.56

.8

7

104.

Bel

ong

to a

n or

gani

zatio

n th

at re

view

s life

car

e pl

anni

ng to

pics

and

is

sues

, as w

ell a

s off

ers c

ontin

uing

edu

catio

n sp

ecifi

cally

rela

ted

to th

e in

dust

ry.

1 –

1 2

– 3

3 –

7 4

– 21

5

– 11

9

.72

1 –

1

2 –

3 3

– 11

4

– 16

5

– 12

0

4.67

.7

6

60. A

sses

s the

nee

d fo

r tra

inin

g in

act

iviti

es o

f dai

ly li

ving

(AD

Ls) a

nd

inst

rum

enta

l act

iviti

es o

f dai

ly li

ving

(IA

DLs

). 1

– 0

2 –

2 3

– 7

4 –

30

5 –

116

.62

1 –

1

2 –

8 3

– 8

4 –

27

5 –

112

4.54

.8

6

36. A

sses

s the

nee

d fo

r cas

e m

anag

emen

t ser

vice

s. 1

– 0

2 –

1 3

– 10

4

– 27

5

– 11

6

.63

1 –

1

2 –

1 3

– 18

4

– 26

5

– 10

9

4.55

.7

7

81. A

s app

ropr

iate

, rev

iew

/util

ize

curr

ent l

itera

ture

, pub

lishe

d re

sear

ch a

nd

data

to p

rovi

de a

foun

datio

n fo

r opi

nion

s, co

nclu

sion

s and

life

car

e pl

anni

ng

reco

mm

enda

tions

.

1 –

0 2

– 2

3 –

7 4

– 31

5

– 11

5

.63

1 –

0

2 –

6 3

– 8

4 –

33

5 –

109

4.57

.7

6


76 Pomeranz, Yu and Reid37

. Rev

iew

s cur

rent

cat

alog

s and

web

site

s to

dete

rmin

e th

e co

sts o

f nee

ds a

nd

serv

ices

. 1

– 0

2 –

0 3

– 8

4 –

36

5 –

111

.57

1 –

1

2 –

1 3

– 11

4

– 27

5

– 11

5

4.64

.7

0

108.

Edu

cate

par

ties r

egar

ding

the

life

care

pla

nnin

g pr

oces

s. 1

– 0

2 –

3 3

– 7

4 –

30

5 –

112

.66

1 –

2

2 –

4 3

– 16

4

– 25

5

– 10

6

4.50

.8

8

40. E

stab

lish

fee

sche

dule

s (ho

w m

uch

you

or y

our p

ract

ice

char

ge) f

or li

fe

care

pla

nnin

g se

rvic

es to

be

rend

ered

. 1

– 2

2 –

4 3

– 7

4 –

19

5 –

118

.80

1 –

3

2 –

8 3

– 9

4 –

16

5 –

116

4.54

.9

7

79. S

elec

t eva

luat

ion/

asse

ssm

ent i

nstru

men

ts a

nd st

rate

gies

acc

ordi

ng to

thei

r ap

prop

riate

ness

and

use

fuln

ess f

or a

par

ticul

ar c

lient

. 1

– 0

2 –

3 3

– 10

4

– 26

5

– 11

5

.69

1 –

2

2 –

5 3

– 13

4

– 24

5

– 11

1

4.53

.8

8

53. A

pply

kno

wle

dge

of h

uman

gro

wth

and

dev

elop

men

t as i

t rel

ates

to li

fe

care

pla

nnin

g.

1 –

0 2

– 3

3 –

6 4

– 33

5

– 10

9

.66

1 –

2

2 –

12

3 –

10

4 –

27

5 –

103

4.41

1.

00

103.

App

ly k

now

ledg

e re

gard

ing

lega

l rul

es.

1 –

0 2

– 2

3 –

6 4

– 38

5

– 10

6

.63

1 –

2

2 –

5 3

– 10

4

– 36

5

– 10

0

4.48

.8

6

99. I

f app

ropr

iate

, be

cred

entia

led

in th

eir a

rea

of e

xper

tise

that

als

o pr

ovid

es a

1

– 2

.80

1 –

4

4.66

.8

6


mec

hani

sm fo

r eth

ics c

ompl

aint

reso

lutio

n.

2 –

2 3

– 12

4

– 18

5

– 11

4

2 –

2 3

– 7

4 –

15

5 –

120

71

. Add

ress

nee

ds/p

refe

renc

es o

f the

clie

nt a

nd/o

r fam

ily.

1 –

0 2

– 1

3 –

14

4 –

29

5 –

111

.68

1 –

1

2 –

3 3

– 11

4

– 33

5

– 10

8

4.56

.7

6

76. P

rese

nt v

ario

us h

ealth

car

e op

tions

(fac

ility

vs.

hom

e ca

re).

1 –

0 2

– 4

3 –

11

4 –

34

5 –

105

.74

1 –

1

2 –

7 3

– 12

4

– 31

5

– 10

5

4.49

.8

7

30. I

f app

licab

le, s

peci

fies c

ost f

or h

ealth

/stre

ngth

mai

nten

ance

. 1

– 0

2 –

2 3

– 17

4

– 27

5

– 10

5

.75

1 –

1

2 –

9 3

– 19

4

– 30

5

– 95

4.36

.9

5

64. C

ompi

le a

nd in

terp

ret c

lient

info

rmat

ion

to m

aint

ain

a cu

rren

t cas

e re

cord

. 1

– 1

2 –

2 3

– 11

4

– 36

5

– 10

3

.74

1 –

4 2

– 7

3 –

10

4 –

31

5 –

102

4.43

.9

8

55. A

pply

kno

wle

dge

of th

e ex

iste

nce,

stre

ngth

s and

wea

knes

ses o

f ps

ycho

logi

cal a

nd n

euro

psyc

holo

gica

l ass

essm

ents

. 1

– 0

2 –

3 3

– 11

4

– 38

5

– 10

3

.71

1 –

2

2 –

4 3

– 13

4

– 41

5

– 96

4.44

.8

5

63. W

hen

appl

icab

le, e

valu

ate

and

sele

ct fa

cilit

ies t

hat p

rovi

de sp

ecia

lized

ca

re se

rvic

es fo

r clie

nts.

1 –

1 2

– 1

.71

1 –

3

2 –

7 4.

33

.97

78 Pomeranz, Yu and Reid4

– 45

5

– 93

4 –

51

5 –

73

34

. If a

pplic

able

, spe

cifie

s cos

t for

nut

ritio

nal e

duca

tion.

1

– 0

2 –

4 3

– 22

4

– 29

5

– 10

0

.83

1 –

3

2 –

11

3 –

30

4 –

22

5 –

89

4.18

1.

10

110.

Ser

ve a

s an

expe

rt w

itnes

s in

a co

urt c

ase

for a

n in

divi

dual

who

sust

ains

a

cata

stro

phic

inju

ry.

1 –

3 2

– 1

3 –

17

4 –

34

5 –

95

.87

1 –

13

2 –

14

3 –

24

4 –

28

5 –

72

3.87

1.

33

94. K

eep

abre

ast o

f the

law

s, po

licie

s, an

d ru

le m

akin

g af

fect

ing

heal

th c

are

and

disa

bilit

y-re

late

d re

habi

litat

ion

serv

ice

deliv

ery.

1

– 0

2 –

5 3

– 14

4

– 47

5

– 87

.79

1 –

3

2 –

7 3

– 21

4

– 52

5

– 71

4.18

.9

6

115.

Con

side

r the

life

exp

ecta

ncy

of th

e cl

ient

whe

n de

velo

ping

a li

fe c

are

plan

. 1

– 5

2 –

10

3 –

10

4 –

21

5 –

105

1.08

1

– 7

2

– 14

3

– 10

4

– 15

5

– 10

3

4.30

1.

22

35. I

f app

licab

le, s

peci

fies c

ost f

or sh

ort/l

ong-

term

voc

atio

nal/e

duca

tiona

l se

rvic

es.

1 –

5 2

– 3

3 –

17

4 –

31

5 –

98

.99

1 –

10

2 –

13

3 –

25

4 –

19

5 –

86

4.03

1.

29

67. P

rovi

de p

rogr

ess o

f life

car

e pl

an d

evel

opm

ent t

o re

tain

ing

party

. 1

– 1

2 –

6 3

– 20

4

– 34

.90

1 –

2

2 –

10

3 –

15

4 –

40

4.31

.9

8


4 –

45

5 –

93

4 –

51

5 –

73

34

. If a

pplic

able

, spe

cifie

s cos

t for

nut

ritio

nal e

duca

tion.

1

– 0

2 –

4 3

– 22

4

– 29

5

– 10

0

.83

1 –

3

2 –

11

3 –

30

4 –

22

5 –

89

4.18

1.

10

110.

Ser

ve a

s an

expe

rt w

itnes

s in

a co

urt c

ase

for a

n in

divi

dual

who

sust

ains

a

cata

stro

phic

inju

ry.

1 –

3 2

– 1

3 –

17

4 –

34

5 –

95

.87

1 –

13

2 –

14

3 –

24

4 –

28

5 –

72

3.87

1.

33

94. K

eep

abre

ast o

f the

law

s, po

licie

s, an

d ru

le m

akin

g af

fect

ing

heal

th c

are

and

disa

bilit

y-re

late

d re

habi

litat

ion

serv

ice

deliv

ery.

1

– 0

2 –

5 3

– 14

4

– 47

5

– 87

.79

1 –

3

2 –

7 3

– 21

4

– 52

5

– 71

4.18

.9

6

115.

Con

side

r the

life

exp

ecta

ncy

of th

e cl

ient

whe

n de

velo

ping

a li

fe c

are

plan

. 1

– 5

2 –

10

3 –

10

4 –

21

5 –

105

1.08

1

– 7

2

– 14

3

– 10

4

– 15

5

– 10

3

4.30

1.

22

35. I

f app

licab

le, s

peci

fies c

ost f

or sh

ort/l

ong-

term

voc

atio

nal/e

duca

tiona

l se

rvic

es.

1 –

5 2

– 3

3 –

17

4 –

31

5 –

98

.99

1 –

10

2 –

13

3 –

25

4 –

19

5 –

86

4.03

1.

29

67. P

rovi

de p

rogr

ess o

f life

car

e pl

an d

evel

opm

ent t

o re

tain

ing

party

. 1

– 1

2 –

6 3

– 20

4

– 34

.90

1 –

2

2 –

10

3 –

15

4 –

40

4.31

.9

8

5 –

93

5

– 89

18. A

sses

s the

nee

d fo

r sho

rt/lo

ng-te

rm v

ocat

iona

l/edu

catio

nal s

ervi

ces.

1 –

2 2

– 3

3 –

24

4 –

36

5 –

89

.90

1 –

10

2 –

10

3 –

30

4 –

33

5 –

72

3.96

1.

20

57. R

esea

rch

and

inve

stig

ate

the

com

mun

ity to

iden

tify

clie

nt-a

ppro

pria

te

serv

ices

for c

reat

ing

and

coor

dina

ting

agen

cy se

rvic

e de

liver

y.

1 –

1 2

– 6

3 –

19

4 –

42

5 –

86

.89

1 –

3

2 –

13

3 –

24

4 –

35

5 –

80

4.14

1.

08

17. A

sses

s the

nee

d fo

r nut

ritio

nal e

duca

tion.

1

– 0

2 –

5 3

– 27

4

– 38

5

– 85

.87

1 –

2

2 –

15

3 –

37

4 –

32

5 –

70

3.98

1.

10

56. A

s app

ropr

iate

, exp

lain

the

serv

ices

and

lim

itatio

ns o

f var

ious

com

mun

ity

reso

urce

s to

clie

nts.

1 –

2 2

– 8

3 –

9 4

– 57

5

– 78

.90

1 –

5

2 –

13

3 –

16

4 –

49

5 –

72

4.10

1.

10

38. I

f req

uest

ed, w

ork

with

an

econ

omis

t for

an

estim

ate

of th

e lif

etim

e co

sts

of th

e LC

P.

1 –

3 2

– 11

3

– 16

4

– 31

5

– 92

1.04

1

– 11

2

– 15

3

– 32

4

– 23

5

– 72

3.85

1.

31

59. A

s app

ropr

iate

, edu

cate

clie

nts i

n m

odify

ing

thei

r life

styl

es to

ac

com

mod

ate

func

tiona

l lim

itatio

ns.

1 –

2 2

– 7

3 –

17

4 –

48

5 –

79

.93

1 –

5

2 –

14

3 –

25

4 –

37

5 –

72

4.03

1.

14


31. I

f app

licab

le, s

peci

fies c

ost f

or th

e cl

ient

’s re

crea

tiona

l equ

ipm

ent n

eeds

. 1

– 0

2 –

12

3 –

31

4 –

23

5 –

88

1.02

1

– 2

2

– 20

3

– 31

4

– 23

5

– 78

4.01

1.

16

111.

Con

sult

with

a p

lain

tiff a

ttorn

ey in

the

deve

lopm

ent o

f the

life

car

e pl

an.

1 –

6 2

– 12

3

– 18

4

– 32

5

– 83

1.15

1

– 8

2

– 15

3

– 25

4

– 30

5

– 71

3.95

1.

23

32. I

f app

licab

le, s

peci

fies c

ost f

or re

crea

tiona

l the

rapy

. 1

– 1

2 –

15

3 –

27

4 –

31

5 –

80

1.07

1

– 5

2

– 23

3

– 28

4

– 25

5

– 74

3.90

1.

24

65. M

onito

r clie

nt p

rogr

ess a

nd o

utco

mes

dur

ing

the

life

care

pla

nnin

g pr

oces

s. 1

– 5

2 –

5 3

– 31

4

– 40

5

– 73

1.05

1

– 9

2

– 19

3

– 27

4

– 32

5

– 68

3.85

1.

27

14. A

sses

s the

nee

d fo

r rec

reat

iona

l equ

ipm

ent.

1 –

0 2

– 9

3 –

34

4 –

46

5 –

65

.94

1 –

1

2 –

19

3 –

41

4 –

41

5 –

52

3.82

1.

06

112.

Con

sult

with

a d

efen

se a

ttorn

ey in

the

deve

lopm

ent o

f the

life

car

e pl

an.

1 –

6 2

– 13

3

– 21

4

– 35

5

– 76

1.16

1

– 9

2

– 21

3

– 36

4

– 29

5

– 55

3.67

1.

26


121.

Whe

n w

orki

ng w

ith p

edia

tric

case

s, ke

ep a

brea

st o

f gua

rdia

n is

sues

for

prot

ectin

g m

inor

s or t

hose

dee

med

men

tally

inco

mpe

tent

. 1

– 5

2 –

15

3 –

22

4 –

29

5 –

77

1.18

1

– 22

2

– 28

3

– 25

4

– 19

5

– 55

3.38

1.

50

118.

Rev

iew

the

plai

ntiff

’s p

lan

and

deve

lop

a re

butta

l or c

ompa

rison

pla

n w

hen

cons

ultin

g w

ith d

efen

se a

ttorn

eys.

1 –

2 2

– 11

3

– 29

4

– 42

5

– 65

1.03

1

–10

2

– 24

3

– 31

4

– 33

5

– 51

3.61

1.

29

72. P

rovi

de li

st a

nd d

ate

of re

spon

ses r

ecei

ved

from

life

car

e pl

anni

ng re

ferr

al

sour

ces.

1 –

11

2 –

8 3

– 21

4

– 36

5

– 78

1.23

1

– 15

2

– 10

3

– 17

4

– 33

5

– 79

3.98

1.

33

109.

Edu

cate

and

info

rm p

artie

s inv

olve

d in

settl

emen

t neg

otia

tion.

1

– 6

2 –

9 3

– 26

4

– 43

5

– 67

1.10

1

– 9

2

– 25

3

– 27

4

– 34

5

– 56

3.68

1.

29

75. P

rom

ote

and

mar

ket t

he fi

eld

of li

fe c

are

plan

ning

. 1

– 3

2 –

14

3 –

34

4 –

36

5 –

68

1.10

1

– 5

2

– 19

3

– 50

4

– 24

5

– 57

3.70

1.

18

91. A

pply

adv

ocac

y, n

egot

iatio

n, a

nd c

onfli

ct re

solu

tion

know

ledg

e.

1 –

8 2

– 11

3

– 27

4

– 39

5

– 68

1.18

1

– 9

2

– 14

3

– 33

4

– 38

5

– 60

3.82

1.

21

113.

Whe

n ap

prop

riate

, rec

omm

end

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r exp

ert w

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nt’s

1

– 8

1.14

1

– 13

3.

56

1.22


atto

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. 2

– 9

3 –

28

4 –

46

5 –

61

2 –

11

3 –

49

4 –

35

5 –

43

10

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de in

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atio

n re

gard

ing

your

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atio

n’s p

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ams t

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1 –

7 2

– 9

3 –

35

4 –

37

5 –

61

1.15

1

– 10

2

– 22

3

– 31

4

– 30

5

– 57

3.68

1.

30

95. A

pply

kno

wle

dge

rega

rdin

g w

orke

rs’ c

ompe

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bene

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stat

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ry a

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es to

life

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1 –

9 2

– 11

3

– 27

4

– 38

5

– 63

1.21

1

– 12

2

– 26

3

– 26

4

– 27

5

– 58

3.64

1.

35

1

– 1

2 –

16

3 –

38

4 –

40

5 –

59

1.05

1

– 3

2 –

26

3 –

40

4 –

36

5 –

51

3.68

1.

15

1

– 12

2

– 12

3

– 25

4

– 47

5

– 59

1.24

1

– 10

2

– 20

3

– 25

4

– 34

5

– 66

3.81

1.

29

1

– 5

2 –

17

3 –

30

4 –

41

5 –

54

1.15

1

– 10

2

– 26

3

– 35

4

– 31

5

– 44

3.50

1.

28

1

– 7

2 –

18

1.18

1

– 10

2

– 21

3.

60

1.21


3 –

27

4 –

47

5 –

55

3 –

38

4 –

39

5 –

46

. 1

– 8

2 –

17

3 –

29

4 –

48

5 –

52

1.18

1

– 15

2

– 26

3

– 32

4

– 40

5

– 42

3.44

1.

31

1

– 6

2 –

20

3 –

28

4 –

51

5 –

50

1.15

1

– 15

2

– 41

3

– 23

4

– 36

5

– 41

3.30

1.

36

1

– 13

2

– 17

3

– 28

4

– 43

5

– 51

1.28

1

– 16

2

– 31

3

– 39

4

– 31

5

– 36

3.26

1.

31

1

– 11

2

– 17

3

– 26

4

– 53

5

– 43

1.21

1

– 19

2

– 23

3

– 44

4

– 26

5

– 36

3.25

1.

33

1

– 8

2 –

21

3 –

31

4 –

46

5 –

41

1.19

1

– 28

2

– 56

3

– 22

4

– 18

5

– 25

2.70

1.

36

1

– 9

2 –

27

3 –

27

1.24

1

– 13

2

– 27

3

– 36

3.45

1.

31


4 –

45

5 –

45

4 –

32

5 –

45

1 –

14

2 –

21

3 –

27

4 –

44

5 –

45

3.56

1.

30

1 –

21

2 –

32

3 –

22

4 –

33

5 –

43

3.30

1.

43

1

– 7

2 –

26

3 –

48

4 –

35

5 –

34

3.42

1.

15

1 –

20

2 –

52

3 –

35

4 –

19

5 –

24

2.83

1.

28

1

– 25

2

– 17

3

– 26

4

– 43

5

– 42

3.39

1.

42

1 –

34

2 –

28

3 –

26

4 –

33

5 –

33

3.05

1.

46

1

– 12

2

– 33

3

– 38

4

– 26

5

– 45

3.38

1.

32

1 –

20

2 –

31

3 –

32

4 –

25

5 –

44

3.28

1.

41

1

– 24

2

– 26

3

– 30

4

– 38

5

– 35

3.22

1.

39

1 –

28

2 –

30

3 –

34

4 –

28

5 –

34

3.06

1.

41


Phase IV Theme Placement: Construct ValidityIn order to assess construct validity of the role and function categories, 93 life care

planners who attended the 2009 ISLCP participated in the final phase of the study. At least 14participants placed each item into one of 21 themes; therefore, all items satisfied thejustification criterion of 3 times the expected number of endorsements based on chance alone.For cases where the two top categories (of the first choices) both received the same number ofendorsements (tied), the category that ranked higher in the second choice became theappropriate category for the item. For example: #54 had a tie among first choices between"Counseling and Services" and "Coordination and Service Delivery." On the second choicesfor that item, "Coordination and Service Delivery" ranked higher than "Counseling andServices." Therefore, the category for #54 was determined to be "Coordination and ServiceDelivery." A total of 4 items received the same number of endorsements for two themes.Appendix B depicts the 21 themes with 122 respective roles and functions.

Discussion This study resulted in a comprehensive empirically-derived list of roles and functions of

professional life care planners. These roles and functions are divided into 21 themes validatedby professional life care planners. Although some life care planning job functions had beenexplored previously by Turner, Taylor, Rubin, and May (2000), this current study was the firstcomprehensive empirical analysis of the roles and functions of life care planners and wasconducted independent of any certification organization. Because life care plans are developedby multiple rehabilitation professionals including catastrophic case managers, rehabilitationcounselors, and rehabilitation nurses, to name a few, life care planning is a subspecialtycreating numerous demands on the professional. Such professionals must balance thedemands of their primary practice and apply their professional scope to the field of life careplanning. It is important to note that a major goal of such professionals is to rely on consistentmethodology for analyzing the life care planning needs dictated by the onset of a disability(Deutsch & Kitchen, 1994). Additionally, the decision of the U.S. Supreme Court in Daubertv. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 509 U.S. 579 (1993) implicated the need for life careplanners to scientifically validate their life care planning approach. Many variables must beconsidered by the life care planner as s/he develops a life care plan. These variables aredynamic, especially if one considers the multiple types of catastrophic disabilities and themultiple arenas in which life care plans are developed. Differences in such variables can affectthe specific roles and functions performed by life care planners. For example, Theme 4:Consultation Services-Legal System, includes roles and functions pertinent to life careplanners who practice within the forensic or legal arena. However, a life care planner hired byan individual with a spinal cord injury in a case management capacity most likely would notneed to perform roles and functions such as “serve as an expert witness in a court case or whenappropriate, advise the client’s attorney on the cross-examination of opposing counsel’s expertwitness.” However, there is a high probability that a life care planner would perform thesefunctions if s/he were retained as a rehabilitation consultant to develop a life care plan in apersonal injury legal case.

The 21 themes depicted within Appendix B are the result of extensive feedback fromexperienced life care planners who work in multiple capacities, from numerous specialties. Byplacing a great deal of emphasis on instrument development, the research team increased thelikelihood that participants surveyed would agree that most of the roles and functions wereimportant for life care planners. It is intuitive to expect similar responses for the frequency in



which roles and functions are performed. In other words, by employing multiple qualitativeiterations, the content validity was further established.

Results of this study have significant implications for the education and credentialingof life care planners. Students of life care planning should develop expertise in each of the 21identified themes and be able to perform each of the 122 functions considered important forlife care planning practice. Development, revision, and validation of credentialing processesin life care planning should address appropriate assessment of each applicant’s ability tocompetently perform those roles and functions.

Study Limitations and Future ResearchThere were limitations within this study that could affect reliability and validity of study

results and conclusions. First, the somewhat low response rate (160 life care planners)represents a small percentage of existing life care planners. A larger sample size could allowadditional validation of the constructs through confirmatory factor analysis. Stratifying alarger sample size by occupational background, practice setting, and other demographiccharacteristics could facilitate comparisons between groups of practitioners, as well as greaterassurance of generalizability of results to the entire population of life care planners. Futureanalysis to examine differences regarding roles and functions between life care planners indifferent settings could have implications for education and certification of life care plannersin those specialty areas.

About the AuthorsJamie L. Pomeranz, Ph.D., CRC, CLCP, Assistant Professor, Department of Behavioral

Science and Community Health, University of Florida, has worked with people withdisabilities in multiple capacities for over 19 years and also conducts life care planningresearch; some currently funded by the Veteran’s Health Administration and the NationalInstitute of Health.

Nami Yu, MHS, CRC, CLCP, doctoral candidate, Rehabilitation Science Program,University of Florida, focuses her research on time loss associated with activities of dailyliving for individuals with spinal cord injury. Her pilot work has been published and she haspresented at national and international conferences including the International Symposium onLife Care Planning

Christine Reid, Ph.D., CRC, Professor, Virginia Commonwealth University, has over 25years experience as a Rehabilitation Counseling educator, researcher, and service provider. Dr.Reid’s primary research is in the area of psychometric methodology, focused on thedevelopment and validation of assessment instruments related to rehabilitation.

AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to thank Dr. Roger Weed for all his guidance and support for this

important study. Additionally, the authors acknowledge the ongoing support from Dr. PaulDeutsch and the Foundation for Life Care Planning Research. Finally, the authors thank all theprofessional life care planners whose participation and expertise made this study possible.


References

Berens, D., Johnson, C., Pomeranz, J., & Preston, R. (2010). Life Care Planning Summit 2010 Proceedings. Journal of Life Care Planning, 9(2), 3-14.

Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, 509 U.S. 579 (1993)

Deutsch, P.M. & Raffa, F. (1981). Damages in tort actions. (vol. 8). New York: MatthewBender.

Deutsch, P. M., & Raffa, F. (1982). Damages in tort actions. (vol. 9). New York: MatthewBender.

Deutsch, P.M., & Kitchen, J.A. (1994). Life care planning. Seminars in Hearing, 15, 207-223.

International Academy of Life Care Planners. (2006). Standards of practice for Life Care Planners. Journal of Life Care Planning, 5(3), 75-81.

Leahy, M.J., Chan, F., & Saunders, J.L. (2003). Job functions and knowledge requirements ofcertified rehabilitation counselors in the 21st century. Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin,46(2), 66-81.

Leahy, M.J., Muenzen, P, Saunders, J.L, & Strauser, D. (2009). Essential knowledge domainsunderlying effective rehabilitation counseling practice. Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin,52(2), 95-106.

Muthard, J.E., & Salamone, P.R. (1969). The roles and functions of the rehabilitationcounselor. Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, 13, 81-168.

Neulicht, A.T., Riddick-Grisham, S.R., Hinton, L., Costantini, P.A., Thomas, R., & Goodrich,B. (2002). Life care planning survey 2001: Process, methods, and protocols. Journal ofLife Care Planning, 1(2), 97-148.

NVivo qualitative data analysis software; QSR International Pty Ltd. Version 7, 2006.

Pomeranz, J.L., Shaw, L.R., Sawyer, H.W., & Velozo, C.A. (2006). Consensus among lifecare planners regarding activities to consider when recommending personal attendant careservices for individuals with spinal cord injury: A Delphi study. Journal of Life CarePlanning, 5(1&2), 7-23.

Pomeranz, J.L., Yu, N.S., Wemmer, C.M., & Watson, L.L. (2007). Use of scientific researchand clinical practice guidelines: A survey of experienced life care planners. Journal of LifeCare Planning, 6(3), 77-98.

Reavis, S.L. (2002). Standards of practice. Journal of Life Care Planning, 1(1): 49-58.

Reid, C., Deutsch, P., & Kitchen, J. (2005). Life care planning. In F. Chan, M. Leahy, & J.Saunders (Eds.), Case management for health professionals (2nd ed.), Volume 1,Foundational Aspects (pp. 228-263). Osage Beach, MO: Aspen Professional Services.

Rubin, S.E., Matkin, R.E., Ashley, J., Beardsley, M.M., May, V.R., Onstott, K., & Puckett,F.D. (1984). Roles and functions of certified rehabilitation counselors. RehabilitationCounseling Bulletin, 27(4), 199-224.

Turner, R.N., Taylor, D.W., Rubin, S.E., & May, V.R., III. (2000). Job functions associatedwith the development of life care plans. Journal of Legal Nurse Consulting, 11(3), 3-7.

Weed, R., & Berens, D. (Eds.). (2001). Life Care Planning Summit 2000 Proceedings.Athens, GA: Elliott & Fitzpatrick.

Weed, R.O., & Berens, D. (Eds.). (2010). Life care planning and case managementhandbook (3rd ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.


Page 1

DemoDemoDemoDemo

1. How long have you been a Life Care Planner (in years)?

2. How many life care plans have you completed?

3. What is your gender?

4. What is your age (in years)?

5. I live in the state or province of:

6. Highest level of schooling (please check):

1. Demographic Information

0-20

nmlkj

21-40

nmlkj

41-60

nmlkj

61-80

nmlkj

81-100

nmlkj

Over 100

nmlkj

Male

nmlkj

Female

nmlkj

18-25

nmlkj

26-35

nmlkj

36-45

nmlkj

46-55

nmlkj

56-65

nmlkj

Over 65

nmlkj

Bachelor's Degree

nmlkj

Master's Degree

nmlkj

PhD/EdD

nmlkj

JD/LLB/LLM

nmlkj

MD

nmlkj

Technical

nmlkj

Other (please specify)

Appendix ALife Care Planning Roles and Functions Study


Page 2

DemoDemoDemoDemo7. My primary clinical field(s) of practice is (please check all that apply):

8. I am currently licensed/registered and/or certified at the State/Provincial/National level in the following fields of practice (check all that apply):

9. I hold the following licenses/registrations and/or certifications (check all that apply):

Audiology

gfedc

Case Management

gfedc

Counseling

gfedc

Marriage and Family Therapy

gfedc

Medicine

gfedc

Nursing

gfedc

Occupational Therapy

gfedc

Physical Therapy

gfedc

Psychology/Neuropsychology

gfedc

Rehabilitation Counseling

gfedc

Social Work

gfedc

Speech-Language Pathology

gfedc


Audiology

gfedc

Case Management

gfedc

Counseling

gfedc

Marriage and Family Therapy

gfedc

Medicine

gfedc

Nursing

gfedc

Occupational Therapy

gfedc

Physical Therapy

gfedc

Psychology/Neuropsychology

gfedc

Rehabilitation Counseling

gfedc

Social Work

gfedc

Speech-Language Pathology

gfedc


ABPP

gfedc

ABVE

gfedc

ACSW

gfedc

CLCP

gfedc

CCM

gfedc

CRC

gfedc

CDMS

gfedc

CLNC

gfedc

CNA

gfedc

CNLCP

gfedc

CRRN

gfedc

CVE

gfedc

FIALCP

gfedc

LMHC

gfedc

LNCC

gfedc

LPC

gfedc

LPN

gfedc

NCC

gfedc

OT

gfedc

PT

gfedc

RN

gfedc

SLP-CCC

gfedc



Page 3

DemoDemoDemoDemo10. Please check all organizations in which you hold an active membership:

11. Please list the names of professional Listservs that you are a member of:

12. My current primary practice setting is (check all that apply):

13. On average, Life Care Planning activities constitute approximately _____ of my work activities (please check):

AALNC

gfedc

AANLCP

gfedc

ABVE

gfedc

ACA/ARCA

gfedc

ACRM

gfedc

ANA

gfedc

AOTA

gfedc

APTA

gfedc

AREA

gfedc

ARN

gfedc

ASHA

gfedc

BIA

gfedc

CMSA

gfedc

IALCP

gfedc

IARP

gfedc

NAFE

gfedc

NASPPR

gfedc

NRA/RCEA

gfedc

NRCA

gfedc

RESNA

gfedc


Attorney's Office

gfedc

Corporation with Sub-Contractors

gfedc

Hospital/Rehabilitation Setting

gfedc

Insurance Company

gfedc

Owner/Independent Practice (With Employees)

gfedc

Private Rehabilitation Company (Employee)

gfedc

Sole Proprietor (No Employees)

gfedc


None

nmlkj

1-25%

nmlkj

26-50%

nmlkj

51-75%

nmlkj

76-100%

nmlkj


Page 4

DemoDemoDemoDemo14. I provide Life Care Planning services on a _____ level. (check all that apply)

15. Typically, what is the age range of your clients? (please check)

16. What population(s) do you typically work with when developing a life care plan (check all that apply)?

17. Do you have office staff who assist with completion of the life care plan?

18. How often are you asked to analyze/critique other life care plans?

Local (e.g., statewide)

gfedc

Regional (e.g., 3-5 state radius)

gfedc

National

gfedc

International

gfedc

Adult/Geriatric (18 years +)

nmlkj

Pediatric

nmlkj

My caseload includes both adult/geriatric and pediatric cases

nmlkj

Acquired Brain Injuries/Traumatic Brain Injuries

gfedc

Amputations

gfedc

Birth Injuries/Anoxia

gfedc

Burns

gfedc

Chronic Diseases (e.g., MS, Diabetes, Chronic Pain,

Cancer)gfedc

Developmental Disabilities (e.g., MR)

gfedc

Non-Catastrophic Injuries

gfedc

Orgran Transplants

gfedc

Orthopedic Conditions

gfedc

Psychological/Psychiatric Conditions

gfedc

Spinal Cord Injuries

gfedc


Yes

nmlkj

No

nmlkj

Never (0%)

nmlkj

Rarely (1-25%)

nmlkj

Occasionally (26-50%)

nmlkj

Often (51-75%)

nmlkj

Frequently (76-100%)

nmlkj


Page 5

DemoDemoDemoDemo

1. Assess the need for projected evaluations (e.g., PT/OT, SLP, individual counseling, family counseling, group counseling, marital counseling, etc.)

2. Assess the need for projected therapeutic modalities (e.g., PT/OT, SLP, individual counseling, family counseling, group counseling, marital counseling, etc)

2. Default Section

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Not Important

Never(0%)Somewhat Important

Rarely(1-25%)Important

Occasionally(26-50%)Very ImportantOften(51-75%)

EssentialFrequently(76-100%)

Importance nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj

Frequency nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj

Not Important








Page 6

DemoDemoDemoDemo3. Assess the need for diagnostic testing/educational assessment (e.g., neuropsychological, educational, medical labs)

4. Assess the need for wheelchair/mobility equipment

5. Assess the need for wheelchair/mobility accessories and maintenance

6. Assess independent living and adaptive equipment needs

7. Assess the need for and replacement of orthotics and prosthetics (e.g., braces, ankle/foot orthotics)

8. Assess the need for home furnishings and accessories (e.g., specialty bed, portable ramps, patient lifts)

9. Assess the need for medications and supplies (bowel/bladder supplies, skin care supplies)

Not Important







Not Important







Not Important







Not Important







Not Important







Not Important







Not Important








Page 7

DemoDemoDemoDemo10. Assess the need for home/attendant/facility care (e.g., personal assistance, nursing care)

11. Assess the need for future routine medical care (e.g., annual evaluations, psychiatry, urology, etc.)

12. Assess the need for transportation (e.g., adapted/modified vehicle with hand controls)

13. Assess the need for health/strength maintenance (e.g., adaptive sports equipment and exercise/strength training)

14. Assess the need for recreational equipment (e.g., adaptive skis, adaptive fishing equipment)

15. Assess the need for recreational therapy (e.g., music, play, hippotherapy, RET)

16. Assess the need for architectural renovations for accessibility (e.g., widen doorways, ramp installations)

Not Important







Not Important







Not Important







Not Important







Not Important







Not Important







Not Important








Page 8

DemoDemoDemoDemo17. Assess the need for nutritional education (e.g., weight loss/weight reduction, diet)

18. Assess the need for short/long-term vocational/educational services

19. If applicable, specifies cost for projected evaluations (e.g., PT/OT, SLP, individual counseling, family counseling, group counseling, marital counseling, etc.)

20. If applicable, specifies cost for projected therapeutic modalities (e.g., PT/OT, SLP, individual counseling, family counseling, group counseling, marital counseling, etc.)

21. If applicable, specifies cost for diagnostic testing/educational assessment (e.g., neuropsychological, educational, medical labs)

22. If applicable, specifies cost for wheelchair/mobility needs

23. If applicable, specifies cost for independent living and adaptive equipment needs for independent function/living

Not Important







Not Important







Not Important







Not Important







Not Important







Not Important







Not Important








Page 9

DemoDemoDemoDemo24. If applicable, specifies cost for and replacement of orthotics and prosthetics (e.g., braces, ankle/foot orthotics)

25. If applicable, specifies cost for home furnishings and accessories (e.g., specialty bed, portable ramps, patient lifts)

26. If applicable, specifies cost for medication/supply needs (e.g., bowel/bladder supplies, skin care supplies)

27. If applicable, specifies cost for home/attendant/facility care (e.g., personal assistance, nursing care)

28. If applicable, specifies cost for future routine medical care (e.g., annual evaluations, psychiatry, urology, etc.)

29. If applicable, specifies cost for transportation needs (e.g., adapted/modified vehicle with hand controls)

30. If applicable, specifies cost for health/strength maintenance (e.g., adaptive sports equipment and exercise/strength training)

Not Important







Not Important







Not Important







Not Important







Not Important







Not Important







Not Important








Page 10

DemoDemoDemoDemo31. If applicable, specifies cost for the client’s recreational equipment needs (e.g., adaptive skis, adaptive fishing equipment)

32. If applicable, specifies cost for recreational therapy (e.g., music, play, hippotherapy, RET)

33. If applicable, specifies cost for architectural renovations for accessibility (e.g., widen doorways, ramp installations)

34. If applicable, specifies cost for nutritional education (e.g., weight loss/weight reduction, diet)

35. If applicable, specifies cost for short/long-term vocational/educational services

36. Assess the need for case management services

37. Reviews current catalogs and websites to determine the costs of needs and services

Not Important







Not Important







Not Important







Not Important







Not Important







Not Important







Not Important








Page 11

DemoDemoDemoDemo38. If requested, work with an economist for an estimate of the lifetime costs of the LCP

39. Provide fair and representative costs relevant to the geographic area or region

40. Establish fee schedules (how much you or your practice charge) for life care planning services to be rendered

41. Use effective time management strategies when developing the life care plan

42. Apply financial management knowledge when working with clients (e.g., balance checkbook, banking, etc.)

43. Apply knowledge regarding other funding sources as it relates to legal cases

44. Identify attitudinal, social, economic, and environmental forces that may present barriers and/or advantages to clients’ rehabilitation

Not Important







Not Important







Not Important







Not Important







Not Important







Not Important







Not Important








Page 12

DemoDemoDemoDemo45. Apply knowledge of family dynamics, gender, multicultural, and geographical issues

46. Apply medical knowledge of potential complications, injury/disease process, including the expected length of recovery and the treatment options available

47. Apply knowledge of health care/medical/rehabilitation terminology

48. Review medical records from physicians, nurses, PTs, OTs, and speech therapists to assess the client’s medical status

49. Apply knowledge regarding the interrelationship between medical, psychological, sociological, and behavioral components of injury/illness

50. Synthesize assessment information to prioritize care needs and develop the life care plan

51. If applicable, recognize psychological problems (e.g., depression, suicidal ideation) requiring consultation or referral

Not Important







Not Important







Not Important







Not Important







Not Important







Not Important







Not Important








Page 13

DemoDemoDemoDemo52. If possible, maintain contact with clients in an empathetic, respectful, and genuine manner, and encourage participation

53. Apply knowledge of human growth and development as it relates to life care planning

54. Apply interpersonal communication skills (verbal and written) when working with all parties involved in a case

55. Apply knowledge of the existence, strengths and weaknesses of psychological and neuropsychological assessments

56. As appropriate, explain the services and limitations of various community resources to clients

57. Research and investigate the community to identify client-appropriate services for creating and coordinating agency service delivery

58. Recommend services that maximize functional capacity and independence for persons with catastrophic disabilities through the aging process

Not Important







Not Important







Not Important







Not Important







Not Important







Not Important







Not Important








Page 14

DemoDemoDemoDemo59. As appropriate, educate clients in modifying their lifestyles to accommodate functional limitations

60. Assess the need for training in activities of daily living (ADLs) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs), such as cooking, shopping, housekeeping, and budgeting

61. As appropriate, rely upon qualified medical and allied health professional opinions when developing the life care plan

62. Obtain regular client feedback regarding the satisfaction with services recommended and suggestions for improvement in a life care plan

63. When applicable, evaluate and select facilities that provide specialized care services for clients

64. Compile and interpret client information to maintain a current case record

65. Monitor client progress and outcomes during the life care planning process

Not Important







Not Important







Not Important







Not Important







Not Important







Not Important







Not Important








Page 15

DemoDemoDemoDemo66. Clearly state the nature of the clients’ problems for referral to service providers

67. Provide progress of life care plan development to retaining party

68. If allowed, conduct a comprehensive interview with the client, his/her family and/or significant other(s), if possible

69. Address gaps in records and/or life care plan recommendations

70. Include recommendations that are within your area of expertise

71. Address needs/preferences of the client and/or family

72. Provide list and date of responses received from life care planning referral sources

Not Important







Not Important







Not Important







Not Important







Not Important







Not Important







Not Important








Page 16

DemoDemoDemoDemo73. Apply managed care (insurance industry) knowledge when developing life care plans

74. Perform life care planning in multiple venues (e.g., personal injury, special needs trust, case management)

75. Promote and market the field of life care planning

76. Present various health care options (facility vs. home care)

77. Apply knowledge regarding the types of personal care (e.g., hospital, extended care facility, subacute facility, home, hospice) when developing the life care plan

78. Stay current with the relevant life care planning literature

79. Select evaluation/assessment instruments and strategies according to their appropriateness and usefulness for a particular client

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DemoDemoDemoDemo80. Evaluate one’s own practices and compare to ongoing evidence-based practice

81. As appropriate, review/utilize current literature, published research and data to provide a foundation for opinions, conclusions and life care planning recommendations

82. Accept referrals only in the areas of you or your agency’s competency

83. Refrain from inappropriate, distorted or untrue comments about colleagues and/or life care planning training programs

84. Remain objective in your assessments

85. Disclose to the client and referral sources what role you are assuming and when or if roles shift

86. Use reliable, dependable, and consistent methodologies for drawing life care planning conclusions

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DemoDemoDemoDemo87. Have an adequate amount of medical and other data to form recommendation

88. Monitor to ensure that the life care planning work is performed and that it meets standards and accepted practices

89. Prepare case notes and reports using applicable forms and systems in order to document case activities in compliance with standard practices and regulations

90. Apply knowledge of clinical pathways, standards of care, practice guidelines

91. Apply advocacy, negotiation, and conflict resolution knowledge

92. As appropriate, educate clients regarding their rights under federal and state law

93. As appropriate, educate clients how to facilitate choice and negotiate for needed services

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DemoDemoDemoDemo94. Keep abreast of the laws, policies, and rule making affecting health care and disability-related rehabilitation service delivery

95. Apply knowledge regarding workers’ compensation benefits within the state of injury as it relates to life care planning

96. Apply risk management knowledge as it relates to life care planning

97. Consider the worth and dignity of individuals with catastrophic disabilities

98. Abide by life care planning-related ethical and legal considerations of case communication and recording (e.g., confidentiality)

99. If appropriate, be credentialed in their area of expertise that also provides a mechanism for ethics complaint resolution

100. Avoid dual/biased relationships, including but not limited to, pre-existing personal relationships with clients, sexual contact with clients, accepting referrals from sources where objectivity can be challenged (such as dating or being married to the referral source), etc.

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DemoDemoDemoDemo101. Identify one’s own biases, strengths, and weaknesses that may affect the development of healthy client relationships

102. As appropriate, attend professional conferences

103. Apply knowledge regarding legal rules (justification for valid entries in a life care plan may vary from state to state and jurisdiction to jurisdiction)

104. Belong to an organization that reviews life care planning topics and issues, as well as offers continuing education specifically related to the industry

105. Maintain continuing education in areas associated with your life care planning practice

106. Perform program evaluations and research functions to document improvements in client outcomes following life care plan development

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DemoDemoDemoDemo107. Provide information regarding your organization’s programs to current and potential referral sources

108. Educate parties (e.g., attorneys, clients, insurance companies, students, family members) regarding the life care planning process

109. Educate and inform parties involved in settlement negotiation

110. Serve as an expert witness in a court case for an individual who sustains a catastrophic injury

111. Consult with a plaintiff attorney in the development of the life care plan

112. Consult with a defense attorney in the development of the life care plan

113. When appropriate, recommend other expert witnesses to a client’s attorney

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DemoDemoDemoDemo114. When appropriate, advise the client’s attorney on the cross-examination of opposing counsel’s expert witness

115. Consider the life expectancy of the client when developing a life care plan

116. Obtain and review day-in-the-life videos of clients when developing a life care plan

117. Develop your own life care plan when consulting with defense attorneys

118. Review the plaintiff’s plan and develop a rebuttal or comparison plan when consulting with defense attorneys

119. Have a physician review the life care plan prior to submission to referral source

120. Utilize medical coding when developing a life care plan (e.g., CPT, ICD-9/10, HCPIC coder)

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DemoDemoDemoDemo121. When working with pediatric cases, keep abreast of guardian issues for protecting minors or those deemed mentally incompetent

122. Consider the impact of aging on disability and function when developing life care planning recommendations

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Appendix BLife Care Planning Role and function Study

Theme 1: Advocacy - Items that represent acts or processes supporting a cause or proposalin favor of people with disabilities at the individual, community, and societal level.

44. Identify attitudinal, social, economic, and environmental forces that may present barriersand/or advantages to clients’ rehabilitation.

56. As appropriate, explain the services and limitations of various community resources toclients.

71. Address needs/preferences of the client and/or family.91. Apply advocacy, negotiation, and conflict resolution knowledge.92. As appropriate, educate clients regarding their rights under federal and state law.93. As appropriate, educate clients how to facilitate choice and negotiate for needed services.

Theme 2: Assess Independent Living Needs - Items that assess the need for tools andservices that will allow an individual to complete certain tasks without the assistance ofothers.

6. Assess independent living and adaptive equipment needs.8. Assess the need for home furnishings and accessories (e.g., specialty bed, portable ramps,patient lifts).

10. Assess the need for home/attendant/facility care (e.g., personal assistance, nursing care).12. Assess the need for transportation (e.g., adapted/modified vehicle with hand controls).16. Assess the need for architectural renovations for accessibility (e.g., widen doorways,

ramp installations).23. If applicable, specifies cost for independent living and adaptive equipment needs for

independent function/living.33. If applicable, specifies cost for architectural renovations for accessibility (e.g., widen

doorways, ramp installations).58. Recommend services that maximize functional capacity and independence for persons

with catastrophic disabilities through the aging process.59. As appropriate, educate clients in modifying their lifestyles to accommodate functional

limitations.60. Assess the need for training in activities of daily living (ADLs) and instrumental

activities of daily living (IADLs), such as cooking, shopping, housekeeping, andbudgeting.

77. Apply knowledge regarding the types of personal care (e.g., hospital, extended carefacility, subacute facility, home, hospice) when developing the life care plan.

Theme 3: Community Re-entry - Items that represent the process of assisting individuals’transition back into their pre-injury/disability environment or other less restrictive long-termcare environment.


14. Assess the need for recreational equipment (e.g., adaptive skis, adaptive fishingequipment).

15. Assess the need for recreational therapy (e.g., music, play, hippotherapy, RET).57. Research and investigate the community to identify client-appropriate services for

creating and coordinating agency service delivery.

Theme 4: Consultation Services-Legal System - Items relating to providing expertopinions for disability-related cases in litigation.

38. If requested, work with an economist for an estimate of the lifetime costs of the LCP.43. Apply knowledge regarding other funding sources as it relates to legal cases.67. Provide progress of life care plan development to retaining party.109. Educate and inform parties involved in settlement negotiation.110. Serve as an expert witness in a court case for an individual who sustains a catastrophic

injury.111. Consult with a plaintiff attorney in the development of the life care plan.112. Consult with a defense attorney in the development of the life care plan.113. When appropriate, recommend other expert witnesses to a client’s attorney.114. When appropriate, advise the client’s attorney on the cross-examination of opposing

counsel’s expert witness.117. Develop your own life care plan when consulting with defense attorneys.118. Review the plaintiff ’s plan and develop a rebuttal or comparison plan when consulting

with defense attorneys.

Theme 5: Coordination and Service Delivery - Items that ensure that client needsidentified by healthcare and rehabilitation professionals are met in a coordinated manner.

36. Assess the need for case management services.54. Apply interpersonal communication skills (verbal and written) when working with all

parties involved in a case.63. When applicable, evaluate and select facilities that provide specialized care services for

clients.66. Clearly state the nature of the clients’ problems for referral to service providers.76. Present various health care options (facility vs. home care).

Theme 6: Counseling and Services - Items that represent the process of helping theindividual and/or family/caregivers adjust to the psychological and/or behavioral impact ofdisability.

45. Apply knowledge of family dynamics, gender, multicultural, and geographical issues.51. If applicable, recognize psychological problems (e.g., depression, suicidal ideation)

requiring consultation or referral.52. If possible, maintain contact with clients in an empathetic, respectful, and genuine

manner, and encourage participation.

Theme 7: Disability Prevention-Health Promotion - Items relating to the promotion ofhealthy ideas and concepts to motivate individuals to adopt healthy behaviors and prevent


potential complications.

13. Assess the need for health/strength maintenance (e.g., adaptive sports equipment andexercise/strength training).

30. If applicable, specifies cost for health/strength maintenance (e.g., adaptive sportsequipment and exercise/strength training).

Theme 8: Equipment Needs/Assistive Technology - Items, products and technology relatedsupport services that represent the process of identifying and recommending technology usedby individuals with disabilities in order to perform functions that might otherwise bedifficult or impossible.

4. Assess the need for wheelchair/mobility needs.5. Assess the need for wheelchair/mobility accessories and maintenance.7. Assess the need for and replacement of orthotics and prosthetics (e.g., braces, ankle/footorthotics).

22. If applicable, specifies cost for wheelchair/mobility needs.24. If applicable, specifies cost for and replacement of orthotics and prosthetics (e.g., braces,

ankle/foot orthotics).25. If applicable, specifies cost for home furnishings and accessories (e.g., specialty bed,

portable ramps, patient lifts).

Theme 9: Ethics -Items pertaining to the rules or standards governing the professionalconduct of a person or the members of a profession.

70. Include recommendations that are within your area of expertise.82. Accept referrals only in the areas of you or your agency’s competency.83. Refrain from inappropriate, distorted or untrue comments about colleagues and/or life

care planning training programs.84. Remain objective in your assessments.85. Disclose to the client and referral sources what role you are assuming and when or if

roles shift.88. Monitor to ensure that the life care planning work is performed and that it meets

standards and accepted practices.89. Prepare case notes and reports using applicable forms and systems in order to document

case activities in compliance with standard practices and regulations.97. Consider the worth and dignity of individuals with catastrophic disabilities.98. Abide by life care planning-related ethical and legal considerations of case

communication and recording (e.g., confidentiality).99. If appropriate, be credentialed in their area of expertise that also provides a mechanism

for ethics complaint resolution.100. Avoid dual/biased relationships, including but not limited to, pre-existing personal

relationships with clients, sexual contact with clients, accepting referrals from sourceswhere objectivity can be challenged (such as dating or being married to the referralsource), etc.

101. Identify one’s own biases, strengths, and weaknesses that may affect the development of


healthy client relationships.

Theme 10: Evidence-Based Practice -Items representing a systematic approach utilizingscientific or empirical evidence.

37. Reviews current catalogs and websites to determine the costs of needs and services.39. Provide fair and representative costs relevant to the geographic area or region.50. Synthesize assessment information to prioritize care needs and develop the life care plan.64. Compile and interpret client information to maintain a current case record.72. Provide list and date of responses received from life care planning referral sources. 79. Select evaluation/assessment instruments and strategies according to their

appropriateness and usefulness for a particular client.81. As appropriate, review/utilize current literature, published research and data to provide a

foundation for opinions, conclusions and life care planning recommendations.86. Use reliable, dependable, and consistent methodologies for drawing life care planning

conclusions.87. Have an adequate amount of medical and other data to form recommendation.90. Apply knowledge of clinical pathways, standards of care, practice guidelines.115. Consider the life expectancy of the client when developing a life care plan.

Theme 11: Health-Care Management - Items relating to the adherence to an individual’smedical care and optimizing health care outcomes.

9. Assess the need for medications and supplies (bowel/bladder supplies, skin care supplies).11. Assess the need for future routine medical care (e.g., annual evaluations, psychiatry,

urology, etc.).17. Assess the need for nutritional education (e.g., weight loss/weight reduction, diet).28. If applicable, specifies cost for future routine medical care (e.g., annual evaluations,

psychiatry, urology, etc.).34. If applicable, specifies cost for nutritional education (e.g., weight loss/weight reduction,

diet).65. Monitor client progress and outcomes during the life care planning process.

Theme 12: Insurance Benefits - Items that represent the provision of funding for healthcareservices.

19. If applicable, specifies cost for projected evaluations (e.g., PT/OT, SLP, individualcounseling, family counseling, group counseling, marital counseling, etc.).

20. If applicable, specifies cost for projected therapeutic modalities (e.g., PT/OT, SLP,individual counseling, family counseling, group counseling, marital counseling, etc.).

21. If applicable, specifies cost for diagnostic testing/educational assessment (e.g.,neuropsychological, educational, medical labs). If applicable, specifies cost formedication/supply needs (e.g., bowel/bladder supplies, skin care supplies).

27. If applicable, specifies cost for home/attendant/facility care (e.g., personal assistance,nursing care).

29. If applicable, specifies cost for transportation needs (e.g., adapted/modified vehicle withhand controls).


31. If applicable, specifies cost for the client’s recreational equipment needs (e.g., adaptiveskis, adaptive fishing equipment).

32. If applicable, specifies cost for recreational therapy (e.g., music, play, hippotherapy,RET).73. Apply managed care (insurance industry) knowledge when developing life care plans.95. Apply knowledge regarding workers’ compensation benefits within the state of injury as

it relates to life care planning.

Theme 13: Legislation - Items representing the understanding of legal and policy issuesaffecting individuals with disabilities.

94. Keep abreast of the laws, policies, and rule making affecting health care and disability-related rehabilitation service delivery.

103. Apply knowledge regarding legal rules (justification for valid entries in a life care planmay vary from state to state and jurisdiction to jurisdiction).

121. When working with pediatric cases, keep abreast of guardian issues for protectingminors or those deemed mentally incompetent.

Theme 14: Medical and Psychosocial Aspects - Items that represent an understanding ofwhat the future care needs are for the condition/disease/disability. These items also representthe impact of chronic illness and disability on the individual related to attitudes, social andenvironmental barriers, and prejudices, apart from characteristics of the condition andassociated functional capabilities.

47. Apply knowledge of health care/medical/rehabilitation terminology.48. Review medical records from physicians, nurses, PTs, OTs, and speech therapists to

assess the client’s medical status.69. Address gaps in records and/or life care plan recommendations.

Theme 15: Medical Background - Items that represent the process of obtaining andreviewing relevant medical information relating to the life care plan recipient’s condition.

1. Assess the need for projected evaluations (e.g., PT/OT, SLP, individual counseling, familycounseling, group counseling, marital counseling, etc.).

2. Assess the need for projected therapeutic modalities (e.g., PT/OT, SLP, individualcounseling, family counseling, group counseling, marital counseling, etc).

3. Assess the need for diagnostic testing/educational assessment (e.g., neuropsychological,educational, medical labs).

46. Apply medical knowledge of potential complications, injury/disease process, includingthe expected length of recovery and the treatment options available.

49. Apply knowledge regarding the interrelationship between medical, psychological,sociological, and behavioral components of injury/illness.

53. Apply knowledge of human growth and development as it relates to life care planning.55. Apply knowledge of the existence, strengths and weaknesses of psychological and

neuropsychological assessments.122. Consider the impact of aging on disability and function when developing life care


planning recommendations.

Theme 16: Outreach and Marketing - Items referring to obtaining and retainingclients/evaluees/accounts as well as improving one’s professional reputation.

40. Establish fee schedules (how much you or your practice charge) for life care planningservices to be rendered.

75. Promote and market the field of life care planning.107. Provide information regarding your organization’s programs to current and potential

referral sources.108. Educate parties (e.g., attorneys, clients, insurance companies, students, family

members) regarding the life care planning process.

Theme 17: Professional Development - Items referring to the skills and knowledgeattained for both personal development and career advancement.

41. Use effective time management strategies when developing the life care plan.74. Perform life care planning in multiple venues (e.g., personal injury, special needs trust,

case management).78. Stay current with the relevant life care planning literature.80. Evaluate one’s own practices and compare to ongoing evidence-based practice.102. As appropriate, attend professional conferences.104. Belong to an organization that reviews life care planning topics and issues, as well as

offers continuing education specifically related to the industry.105. Maintain continuing education in areas associated with your life care planning practice.

Theme 18: Program Management and Evaluation - Items referring to assessing andimproving practices, policies and procedures to evaluate the success of a program, practice,or organization.

62. Obtain regular client feedback regarding the satisfaction with services recommended andsuggestions for improvement in a life care plan.

106. Perform program evaluations and research functions to document improvements inclient outcomes following life care plan development.

Theme 19: Rehabilitation Team - Items pertaining to the process of collaborating withother healthcare and rehabilitation professionals.

61. As appropriate, rely upon qualified medical and allied health professional opinions whendeveloping the life care plan.

119. Have a physician review the life care plan prior to submission to referral source.

Theme 20: Vocational Information - Items relating to the process of obtaining educationand employment, as well as successfully accomplishing work- related tasks.

18. Assess the need for short/long-term vocational/educational services.

35. If applicable, specifies cost for short/long-term vocational/educational services.

Theme 21: Life Care Planning Needs Assessment - Items that represent the process ofdetermining requirements of an individual and/or family/caregivers who are the recipient ofthe life care plan.

42. Apply financial management knowledge when working with clients (e.g., balancecheckbook, banking, etc.).

68. If allowed, conduct a comprehensive interview with the client, his/her family and/orsignificant other(s), if possible.

96. Apply risk management knowledge as it relates to life care planning.116. Obtain and review day-in-the-life videos of clients when developing a life care plan.120. Utilize medical coding when developing a life care plan (e.g., CPT, ICD-9/10, HCPIC

coder).


Call for ManuscriptsThe Journal of Life Care Planning (JLCP), the premiere peer-reviewed and professional

journal dedicated to the specialty practice of life care planning, is seeking manuscripts forpublication. One of the Journal's objectives is to publish material that will add to the researchand knowledge base of life care planning practitioners. The Journal strives to publishinformation that is relevant and valuable to life care planners and is appropriate and accuratewithin standards in the field. Research and evidence-based articles are welcome and so arecase studies or real practice examples. Material published in the JLCP is the latest informationregarding life care planning and serves to provide academic foundation for this growingspecialty advanced practice.

The editorial team welcomes your contributions for peer review. Submissions are acceptedat all times during the year. Deadlines specific to each issue are February 15, May 15, August15, and November 15 of each publication year. Please consider contributing to this specialtypractice by submitting a manuscript. Manuscripts that are double spaced and adhere to the APA(American Psychological Association) style of professional writing can be sent as an emailattachment to Debra E. Berens, Managing Editor, Journal of Life Care Planning,[email protected].

Ethics Interface 119

Ethics InterfaceMary Barros-Bailey, PhD, CRC, CLCP, CDMS, NCC, D/ABVE

Columnist's Note: In this issue, a unique dilemma is featured and one that has importancefor all practicing life care planners. Dr. Mary Barros-Bailey has guest authored this column.Our next column will address the issue of electronic communications and ethical use anddisposal.

This column is a collaborative effort with Nancy Mitchell, Mary Barros-Bailey, DorajaneApuna, Dianne Simmons-Grab and the editorial support of Roger Weed and Tyron Elliot. Theauthor is grateful for their wisdom and collective experience. The column is meant to be aneducational forum for life care planners. It is not designed to offer an authoritative opinionfrom the editor or editorial board of the Journal of Life Care Planning, the board of theInternational Academy of Life Care Planners (IALCP), or the board of its parent organization,the International Association of Rehabilitation Professionals (IARP), nor is it designed torepresent or replace official opinions from the certifying body or other organizationsassociated with the practice of life care planning.

Ethical DilemmaRecently, one of my life care planning colleagues passed away. This colleague had a

vibrant practice and was a single practitioner. I was called by several of the referral sources totake over the life care plans on which this colleague was working. However, neither thereferral sources nor I knew how to obtain copies of the working records of my colleague. Whatare our responsibilities as life care planners and single practitioners to the maintenance ofrecords should we become disabled or pass on?

ResponseThrough personal or natural tragedy, the issues of records retention and maintenance are

the resounding issues in this dilemma, and something to which the Code of Ethics governingthose in practice settings most likely to feed into the specialty of life care planning arebeginning to take notice … some directly, others implied.

The Commission on Rehabilitation Counselor Certification (CRCC) states in the Code ofProfessional Ethics for Rehabilitation Counselors (2010) that rehabilitation counselors must,in the disclosure process, inform those receiving services of “… contingencies for continuationof services upon the incapacitation or death of the rehabilitation counselor...” (A.3.a.(5), p. 4).Likewise, the Certification of Disability Management Specialists Commission (CDMSC)states in their Code of Professional Conduct (with Disciplinary Rules, Procedures, andPenalties) (2009) that certificants “… make reasonable efforts to ensure continuity of servicesin the event that services are interrupted by factors such as unavailability, relocation, illness,disability, or death of any party involved in the case” (Rules of Professional Conduct 2.04, p.9).

This whole topic calls attention to how records are kept and maintained and thenotification of the parties as well as an In Case of Emergency (ICE) policy and provision thatcould be included in disclosure to clients/evaluees as well as referral sources.

ICE ProvisionsWho will be responsible for such administrative issues as records and finances in the event

you cannot perform the functions of a life care planner? Have you designated a reliable

120 Mary Barros-Bailey, PhD, CRC, CLCP, CDMS, NCC, D/ABVE

records custodian? Do they know how to access the records and what kinds of records securityprovisions need to be in place, such as appropriate releases? These questions call for the needto develop a business disaster/emergency plan. An online search engine query will assist youwith checklists of what to include in such a plan tailored to your needs.

When a person dies, there should be either an administrator or executor responsible forthat person’s estate. If, as described in the above dilemma, you have been asked to "take over"a colleague's caseload (either in part or in whole) upon his/her death, verify how far you cango with a transfer of documents, work product, etc. unless the executor has given approval.Mention of the desire of the life care planner in his or her will to have a certain person oragency take over that function should satisfy an executor. Where there is no will and you aredealing with an administrator, no such prearrangement can be made and the matter would haveto be negotiated with the administrator. This is an important reason to make a will. If the lifecare planner is incapacitated, an advanced medical directive is about the only way to transferrecords. If a guardian is appointed, the consent of that person or from the court through thatperson may be necessary.

Appointing an ICE contact for your practice and caseload would be a good first step indeveloping such a plan. A formal appointment letter that could be sent to the life care planner’scase list, referral sources, and/or other individuals with the need to know such informationidentifying the ICE business contact at the time of incapacitation/death is good businesspractice. Notifying evaluees/clients of the existence of this program or policy at time ofdisclosure assists in meeting the provisions indicated in practice codes of ethics.

In addition, adding narrative language or provisions to a retainer agreement as to the ICEcontact, policies, and procedures continues disclosure and allows for the transition of servicesupon incapacitation or death. An example of a retainer letter provision is:

In Case of Emergency (ICE): In the event of death or incapacitation of Mr. or Ms. LifeCare Planner, the administrative responsibilities of the business are transferred to XXXX,secretary/treasurer of the corporation, who will work closely with you to assist in financialmatters and records access and maintenance provided that an appropriate release for records issubmitted.

Records Retention and MaintenanceAvailability, access, and maintenance of records has previously been addressed in this

column as these pertain to a variety of codes of ethics for life care planners and specificprofessions including occupational therapists, disability managers, rehabilitation counselors,and related disciplines. The Standards of Practice for Life Care Planners (2006), promulgatedby the IALCP, provides very broad guidance in this regard stating, “Appropriateconfidentiality is a sensitive and important concept” (IV.A.1., p. 80). In addition, the Code ofProfessional Ethics for the Commission on Health Care Certification Standards andExamination Guidelines (2007) state, “Disability examiners and life care planners willsafeguard the maintenance, storage, and disposal of patient records so that unauthorizedpersons shall not have access to these records” (R6.4, p. 39). Further, the CRCC (2010) states,“Rehabilitation counselors are aware that electronic messages are considered to be part of therecords of clients. Since electronic records are preserved, rehabilitation counselors informclients of the retention method and period, of who has access to the records, and how therecords are destroyed” (J.6.a., p. 29). Similarly, occupational therapists are called to “Maintainthe confidentiality of all verbal, written, electronic, augmentative, and non-verbalcommunications, including compliance with HIPAA regulations” (Occupational Therapy Code

Ethics Interface 121

of Ethics and Ethics Standards, Principle 3.H, p. 6). Beyond the provisions in these professional Codes, and the HIPAA provisions we have

been aware of as life care planners since 1996 (U.S. Department of Health and HumanServices, 1996), as of January 13, 2010 additional Federal guidelines through Part III, 45 CFRPart 170 of the Department of Health and Human Services will also guide the maintenance andtransference of our records (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2010). Thisinterim rule, sometimes referred to as the HITECH Act, includes standards that update someof the provisions in HIPAA for protected health information (PHI). In particular, HITECHrequires that those covered by the Act ensure that the systems they use are secure, can maintaindata confidentiality, and can work with other systems to share information. If securitybreaches are detected, patients must be notified. In addition, the Act calls for ensuring accessby the patient to electronic records and the accounting of disclosure of PHI to patients.

Yes, this is a lot of technology information to learn for those who are accustomed toworking in a hard copy world. What can you do, and what resources are available to you rightnow, likely at your fingertips or in your office? In addition to the above-cited Codes of Ethics,the United States Attorney General’s office recommends some of the following provisions(Simmons-Grab, n.d.):

Laptops, hard drives, flash drives, CDs, and floppy disks employ hard drive encryptionSecurity and other applications are kept updatedMobile computing devices use anti-viral software and host-based firewall mechanismsRemovable media and hard drives are processed (sanitized, degaussed, destroyed) when nolonger neededContracting firms keep an accurate inventory of devices

Some resources available may include secured off-site back up or communicationsystems. Examples include mozy.com, zipcorp, and Network Solutions or Pointsecencryption. Remember that password management protocols or programs, such as revolvingand randomly-selected passwords from a list of 20 or 30 strong passwords, might also behelpful.

Now, for how long should you keep your records? It depends on a variety of potentialcriteria. For example, HIPAA requires records retention for six years. However, there may beother jurisdictions, systems, or programs in which you provide services that may have shorteror longer time periods. Best practices recommendations suggest that you become familiar withthe records retention requirements of those systems or jurisdictions in which you practice andadhere to those, or select the most conservative of those time periods and adopt it as yourcompany policy.

References

American Occupational Therapy Association. (2010). Occupational therapy code of ethicsand ethics standards. Bethesda, MD: Author. Retrieved from http://www.aota.org

Certification of Disability Management Specialists Commission. (2009). Code ofprofessional conduct with disciplinary rules procedures and penalties. Schaumburg, IL:Author. Retrieved from http://new.cdms.org/

Commission on Rehabilitation Counselor Certification. (2010). Code of professional ethicsfor rehabilitation counselors. Shaumburg, IL: Author. Retrieved fromhttp://www.crccertification.com/

International Academy of Life Care Planners. (2006). Standards of practice for life careplanners. Journal of Life Care Planning, 5(3),123-129.

International Commission on Health Care Certification. (2007). Commission on HealthCare Certification standards and guidelines. Midlothian, VA: Author. Retrieved fromhttp://www.ichcc.org/

Simmons-Grab, D. (n.d.). Letter to the U.S. Attorney General confirming technologyprovisions required of contractors with the Department of Justice.

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (1996). HIPAA privacy and security rulesfrequently asked questions about the disposal of protected health information. Retrievedfrom http://www.hhs.gov/ocr/privacy/

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2010). Health information technology:Initial set of standards, implementation specifications, and certification criteria forelectronic health record technology; interim final rule, 45 CFR Part 170. Retrieved fromhttp://edocket.access.gpo.gov/2010/pdf/E9-31216.pdf

New Dilemma

The new dilemma for the next issue will cover electronic communications and ethicaluse and disposal.

The Journal of Life Care Planning welcomes the submission of real world ethicaldilemmas. Submissions will be altered to promote confidentiality and be kept in strictconfidence. Please send submissions to [email protected]

122 Mary Barros-Bailey, PhD, CRC, CLCP, CDMS, NCC, D/ABVE

Journal of Life Care Planning, Vol. 9, No. 3, (123)Printed in U.S.A. All rights reserved ©2010 Elliott & Fitzpatrick, Inc.

Book Reviewby Karen Preston, PHN, MS, CRRN, FIALCP

RNS HealthCare Consultants

Peterson, A., & Kopishke, L. (Eds.). (2010). Legal Nurse Consulting Principles (3rded). Boca Raton, CRC Press, Inc. (www.crcpress.com). Cat. #: 8951X. ISBN 978-1-4200-8951-6, 730 pp., $89.95 plus shipping.

Reflecting the growing body of knowledge and complexity of the field, this edition of the“core curriculum” for legal nurse consultants has been divided into two volumes: Legal NurseConsulting Principles and Legal Nurse Consulting Practices. This volume provides afoundation for understanding the litigation process. Although intended for nurses practicingas a part of legal activities, this reference book provides information that is relevant to life careplanners from all professional backgrounds.

There are 23 chapters plus appendices, all providing detailed information. Each chapterincludes its own listing of contents and objectives, making it easy to locate topics and for thereader to focus on desired information. The material from other publications is also reprintedin the chapters, such as the Code of Ethics, various AALNC Position Statements, and asummary of the Scope and Standards of Practice. Each chapter ends with some studyquestions that appear to be designed to help analyze the material and solidify learning.However, there is no claim that the study questions will aid in preparing for any other testing,such as a certification exam.

The life care planner will find many chapters useful in understanding the litigationprocess. Basic legal concepts, legal writing, researching literature, and alternative disputeresolution are examples of chapters that would be of interest to life care planners. However,since the book is targeted to legal nurse consultants in general, there is much content that willnot pertain to life care planners. Examples of this content include issues related to cause,preparation of cases, locating expert witnesses, and acting as a support person to the attorneythroughout all phases of the case. Several of the chapters describe the unique aspects ofspecific kinds of cases, such as nursing home litigation, pharmaceutical litigation, and toxictort cases. Even though not directly applicable to life care planning, it is interesting tounderstand in greater depth the entire process and see where the life care planner fits into theprocess.

Overall, this is an important reference book for nurses involved in legal consulting,particularly for being aware of scope of practice and other documents that apply to nurses. Inaddition, this reference book may be valuable to life care planners from other disciplines whowant a good overview of the litigation process and the role of consultants.

Announcing Journal of Life Care Planning

available through online databases

Now you can access JLCP articles 24/7 through CINAHL and EBSCOhost

Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature - the most comprehensive resource for

nursing and allied health literature http://www.cinahl.com/library/library.htm

Premium online research database service

http://www.ebscohost.com/cinahl/

124 Announcements

Announcements and Educational OpportunitiesFor Your LEARNING Pleasure

Note: The following list is not all inclusive. The JLCP does not support or endorse theeducational opportunities listed below and provides this information solely as a service toour readers and in support of continuing education for all rehabilitation professionals. Whilewe make every effort to publish accurate information, we cannot assume liability for errorsor omissions in these listings and suggest that you verify all pertinent meeting details withthe sponsoring organization BEFORE making your travel plans or other arrangements.

SEPTEMBER2010 International Symposium on Life Care Planning"Contemporary Challenges in Life Care Planning"September 13-14, 2010. (Post-conference programs September 15-16, 2010)Walt Disney World's Contemporary Hotel, Orlando, FLFor more information: http://islcp.org/home.html

National Rehabilitation Awareness Week, September 19-25, 2010For more information: www.nraf-rehabnet.org/

2010 Academy on Spinal Cord Injury ProfessionalsSeptember 22-24, 2010Bally's Las Vegas, NVFor more information: http://www.spinalcordcongress.org/

American Academy for Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Medicine/AACPDM 64th Annual MeetingWashington, DC, on September 22-25, 2010 at the Marriott Wardman Park Hotel.https://aacpdm.execinc.com/edibo/AM10

OCTOBERJoint Meeting of the National Association for State Head Injury Administrators(NASHIA) and the North American Brain Injury Society (NABIS)"Brain Injury Partnerships: NASHIA and NABIS in the Twin Cities"October 5-8, 2010Hilton Hotel, Minneapolis, MN For more information: www.nabis.org/conference/index1.2.php

AANLCPOctober 8-11, 2010"Revolutionary Trends in Life Care Planning"The Boston Park Plaza Hotel, Boston, MAFor more information: www.aanlcp.org

Announcements 125

National Academy of Neuropsychology 30th Annual Conference"Evidence Based Neuropsychology: Laying Foundations for the Next 30 Years"October 13-16, 2010Westin Bayshore, Vancouver, British ColumbiaFor more information: www.nanonline.org

American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine (ACRM) - American Society ofNeurorehabilitation (ASNR)"Progress in Rehabilitation Research"October 20-23, 2010Hilton Bonaventure Hotel, Montreal, Quebec, CanadaFor more information: www.acrm.org/annual_conference/PrelimProg-Final.pdf

NOVEMBERIARP 2010 Forensic Conference"Rising to the Challenge"November 4-6, 2010Astor Crowne Plaza, New Orleans, LAFor more information: www.rehabpro.org

American Academy of PM&R "71st Annual Assembly & Technical Exhibition"November 4-7, 2010Washington State Convention & Trade Center, Seattle, WashingtonFor more information: http://www.aapmr.org/

Pacific Coast Brain Injury Conference"Real People with Real Lives"November 17-19, 2010Sheraton Wall Centre, Vancouver, BC CanadaFor more information: http://www.pcbic.org/program.php

American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) Convention"Leadership into New Frontiers"November 18-20, 2010Philadelphia, PAFor more information: www.asha.org/events/convention/

DECEMBERHappy Holidays from the editors and staff of the Journal of Life Care Planning!

126 Announcements

FIALCP: Do you have what it takes?

Show your life care planning experience. Show your life care planning expertise.

Show your commitment to the field. Become a Fellow.

Becoming a Fellow in the International Academy of Life Care Planners shows that you are competent in life care planning and conduct your practice in accordance with accepted standards of practice. Criteria for becoming a Fellow are:

• Minimum of 50 completed life care plans • Contribute to the field through publishing,

teaching, research, or mentoring • Participate in professional organizations • Letters of reference • Successful blind review of two plans showing

adherence to standards of practice • Participate in continuing education

“Being recognized as a Fellow of the International Academy of Life Care Planners is an accomplishment to be proud of and it certainly gives me the edge over my opponent when being qualified as an expert for deposition and trial testimony.”

Tracy Albee, BSN RN PHN LNCC CLCP FIALCP "My FIALCP adds to my credentials and designates the highest honor and distinction within my profession as a Life Care Planner."

Tracy Wingate, OTR/L, FIALCP, CLCP, MSCC, CCM, CDMS “Whether certified or not, achieving Fellow status from the IALCP underscores one’s commitment to the practice of life care planning. I consider the FIALCP a true honor.”

Roger O. Weed, Ph.D., CRC, LPC, CCM, CDMS, FNRCA, FIALCP

"FIALCP is professional peer recognition at its best!" Terri Sue Patterson RN, MSN, CRRN, FIALCP

For further information and an application, go to http://www.rehabpro.org/ialcp

Announcements 127

Are you a member of the International Academy of

Life Care Planners (IALCP)?

The purpose of the IALCP is to provide education and

leadership for professionals who conduct life care planning

and to contribute to the development of

life care planning standards, policies and practice.

Join more than 400 of your colleagues

in the life care planning field today and

experience the benefits of membership including the

IALCP Standards of Practice and a subscription

to the Journal of Life Care Planning.

For more information and

to join this organization, go to

www.rehabpro.org/ialcp

IALCP is a Section of the

International Association of Rehabilitation Professionals

1926 Waukegan Rd., Suite 1 • Glenview, IL 60025-1770

Phone: 847-657-6964 Fax: 847-657-6963

128 Announcements

Guidelines for Authors

Purpose and Objectives

The Journal of Life Care Planning publishes refereed education and research materials relevant to thepractice and processes of life care planning. The specific objectives of the Journal are as follows:

1. Publish materials which will add to the growing literature base of the practice of life care planning.

2. Provide the professional field with information regarding events and developments important to the practice of life care planning.

3. Provide a forum for the debate and discussion of practice issues.

4. Promote professional practice by addressing issues relevant to certification, ethics, standards of practice and research methodologies.

5. Promote advanced practice through the publication of preapproved continuing education feature articles.

Manuscript Preparation

Submission of articles and manuscripts consistent with the objectives of the Journal are welcome. In thepreparation of any submission to the Journal, please carefully consider the following:

1. The manuscript should be prepared in APA style. Refer to the Publication Manual of the AmericanPsychological Association, Fifth Edition (A copy may be obtained from APA, 750 First Street, NE,Washington, DC 20002-4242).

2. Manuscripts should be submitted in triplicate along with disk (Preferred format: DOS compatible inMSWord) to the Journal Editor.

3. Avoid footnotes if at all possible and use tables and charts sparingly.

4. Place identifying information (Name(s) of authors(s), addresses, employment, etc.) only on a cover pagein order to facilitate the blind review process.

5. It is expected that most manuscripts will need some revision or enhancement following the Journal’s review process. The final draft of a revised manuscript should be resubmitted to the Editor on disk with one hard copy.

6. Submit only original work, and never work that has been previously published or copyrighted. Please donot submit manuscripts that are under consideration at another source. Quoting from other sources is permissible, but only if carefully documented and referenced. Plagiarism in any form is considered unethical.

7. Use proper language with regard to a person’s sex and/or disabling condition.

8. All manuscripts, if published, (hard copy and disks) become property of the Journal. Manuscripts that are not published will be returned to the author(s). However, the author(s), not the Journal, are responsible for the views and conclusions of a published manuscript.

9. The Editor, and the Editorial Board, have broad latitude in deciding the disposition of an article or manuscript. Issues of relevancy, quality of writing, and adherence to the guidelines for preparation are critical. Manuscripts may be returned without comment to the author, especially if no peer review is involved.

10. Submit articles and manuscripts to Debra E. Berens, 1156 Masters Lane, Snellville, Georgia 30078, (770) 978-9212.

Publisher and EditorTimothy F. Field, Ph.D.

Elliott & Fitzpatrick, Inc., Athens, GA

Editorial Board

SubscriptionsSubscription Rates: Published quarterly (March, June, and September & December). Individual subscriptionis US $85.00; institutional rate is US $100.00. Rates subject to change without notice. Notify IARP immedi-ately of any change of address.

Advertising: Submit ad copy in camera-ready form, of any size, to E & F, Inc. four weeks prior to a publicationdate. Rate is $150 for a full page ad; $85 for a half-page. With no exception, prepayment is required (Check, MCor VISA acceptable). Ad copy must be consistent with the stated objectives of the Journal, and may be refusedat the discretion of the publisher. The Journal, E & F, Inc., or the staff, as a matter of policy, does not endorse inany way products or services that are advertised. All ad copy becomes the property of the Journal.

Policy on Reprints: Any subscriber or reader of the Journal of Life Care Planning, without written permis-sion, may freely reprint or duplicate articles, summaries, reviews, or any other copy published in the Journalwhen used for educational and training purposes. It is respectfully requested, however, that proper acknowl-edgement and APA-style citation accompany any portion(s) reprinted, including the name and address of thepublisher: Elliott & Fitzpatrick, Inc., P.O. Box 1945, Athens, GA 30603.

Publisher: T. Field, Ph.D., Elliott & Fitzpatrick, Inc., 1135 Cedar Shoals Drive, Athens, GA 30605

Copyright: © 2010 Int’l Assoc. of Rehab Professionals

Doreen Casuto, M.R.A.R.N., C.R.R.N., C.C.M., C.L.C.P.Rehabilitation Care CoordinationSan Diego, CA

Paul M. Deutsch, Ph.D.C.R.C., L.M.H.C., C.L.C.P.Paul M. Deutsch & AssociatesOviedo, FL

Tyron Elliott, Esq.Attorney at LawManchester, GA

Carolyn Wiles Higdon, Ph.D.F-ASHA, CCC-SPDr. Carolyn W. Watkins, P.C.The University of MississippiOxford, MS

Rodney Isom, Ph.D.C.R.C., C.D.M.S.Rehabilitation ConsultantDenton, TX

Ann Neulicht, Ph.D.C.R.C., C.L.C.P., C.V.E., C.D.M.S.,L.P.C., D-A.V.B.E..Rehabilitation Consultant/Life Care PlannerRaleigh, NC

Karen Preston, P.H.N.C.R.R.N., M.S., F.I.A.L.C.P.RNS HealthCare Consultants, Inc.Sacramento, CA

Sharon Reavis, M.S.R.N., C.R.C., C.C.M.Health Information ResourcesGlen Allen, VA

Paula Sundance, M.D.Abilitation StrategiesSebastapol, CA

Randall Thomas, Ph.D.C.R.C., N.C.C.Natl. Center for Life Care PlanningMadison, MS

Terry Winkler, M.D.C.L.C.P.Ozark Area Rehabilitation ServicesSpringfield, MO

Andrea Zotovas, M.D., DABPMR Physical Medicine and RehabilitationJuno Beach, FL

Managing EditorDebra E. Berens, Ph.D.C.R.C., C.C.M., C.L.C.P.

Rehabilitation Consultant/Life CarePlanner, Snellville, GA

Associate EditorRoger O. Weed, Ph.D.L.P.C., C.R.C., C.D.M.S./R., C.C.M., F.I.A.L.C.P.

Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA

CONTENTS

Timothy F. Field 55 Editorial: The Roles and Functions of a Roger O. Weed Life Care Planner

Jamie Pomeranz 57 Role and Function Study of Nami Yu Life Care PlannersChristine Reid

Mary Barros-Bailey 119 Ethics Interface

Karen Preston 123 Book Review

Debbie Berens 125 Announcements

Elliott & Fitzpatrick, Inc.

Volume 9, Number 3, 2010

Journal ofLife Care Planning

Special IssueRole and Function Study of Life Care Planners

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