Journal Journal

► Why do you think it is important to Why do you think it is important to classify organisms?classify organisms?

►How do you think scientists go about How do you think scientists go about classifying organisms?classifying organisms?

►You have kitchen drawer full of kitchen You have kitchen drawer full of kitchen tools how would you go about tools how would you go about classifying them.classifying them.

Classification of Classification of OrganismsOrganisms

Classification of Classification of OrganismsOrganisms

►The study of the kinds and diversity of The study of the kinds and diversity of organisms and their evolutionary organisms and their evolutionary relationships is called relationships is called systematicssystematics or or taxonomytaxonomy TaxonomyTaxonomy is the work involved in the is the work involved in the

original description of a species.original description of a species. SystematicsSystematics is the assigning of species is the assigning of species

into evolutionary groups.into evolutionary groups.

Father of Modern Father of Modern ClassificationClassification

►The modern classification system The modern classification system originated with the work of originated with the work of CarolusCarolus LinnaeusLinnaeus he recognized the different species could he recognized the different species could

be grouped into broader categories based be grouped into broader categories based on on shared characteristicsshared characteristics

any grouping of animals that shares a any grouping of animals that shares a particular set of characteristics forms an particular set of characteristics forms an assemblage called a assemblage called a taxontaxon

•Scientists have a system for naming all the living organisms on earth.

•Developed over 200 years ago

•He gave each organism a two-word Latin name (Binomial Nomenclature)

WHAT’S IN A NAME?

Bi = Nomial =two name

Linneaus’ System of Scientific NamesEach species of a living thing is given a DOUBLE NAME

EX: Just like your first and last name

First Name = (Genus)

Tells which group of similar species the living thing belongs to

Second Name = (Species)

Tells the name of the one particular species in that genus

LinneausLinneaus’’ System of Scientific System of Scientific NamesNames

Example:Scientific Name for a dog Canis familiaris

Scientific Name for a Timber Wolf Canis lupus

Scientific Name for a Coyote Canis latrans

•Notice that the word Canis is used in all of these names. This is the Latin word for DOG.

•It is used as the genus name because these animals are all dog-like animals

•The second name, species, indicates the particular type of dog

Binomial Nomenclature - RulesExample: Canis familiaris

1. First letter of first word (genus) is always capitalized

2. First letter of second word (species) is not capitalized

3. Both words are italicized or

Linneau’s System of Scientific Names

DO NOT underline space between words!!!

Canis familiaris

both words areunderlined

How Are Living Things Classified?

•There are 7 levels in the classification system of organisms

•As one goes from the Kingdom to the Species (DOWNWARD)…An increase in the similarity between organisms occur

•There are fewer numbers of different kinds of organisms

How Are Living Things Classified Cont’d?

Kingdom: The highest level

Phylum: A subdivision of a kingdom

Class: Each phylum is divided into classes

Order: Each class is divided into orders

Family: Each order is divided into families

Genus: Each family is divided into genera

Species: Lowest level (represents a single type of organism)

The Seven Level The Seven Level SystemSystem

►KKingdomingdom►PPhylumhylum►CClasslass►OOrderrder►FFamilyamily►GGenusenus►SSpeciespecies

►KKinging►PPhilliphillip►CCalledalled►OOprahprah►FForor►GGoodood►SSpicespices

OTHER WAYS TO REMEMBEROTHER WAYS TO REMEMBER

There are There are 77 levels of classification. levels of classification.

Remember the first letter of this Remember the first letter of this sentencesentence

►KKing ing PPhilip hilip CCame ame OOver ver FFor or GGood ood SSpaghettipaghetti

How Are Living Things Classified Cont’d?

Homework: Write an originaloriginal catch phrase for the categories of classification so that each word in the phrase begins with the letter of the category in their correct order from largest to smallest

Example:Example: Kids play cards on fat green stools

KingdomPhyllum

Class

OrderFamily

Genus

Species

Using the Classification Using the Classification SystemSystem

Field guidesField guides help identify organisms.help identify organisms.

-they highlight differences between -they highlight differences between similar organisms (like trees)similar organisms (like trees)

Taxonomic KeyTaxonomic Key ( (AKAAKA Dichotomous KeyDichotomous Key))

-paired statements that describe the -paired statements that describe the physical characteristics of different physical characteristics of different organismsorganisms

Taxonomic KeyTaxonomic Key► 1. Fruits occur singly ....................................................... Go to 1. Fruits occur singly ....................................................... Go to

33► 1' Fruits occur in clusters of two or more ......................... Go 1' Fruits occur in clusters of two or more ......................... Go

to 2to 2► 2. Fruits are round ....................................................... Grapes2. Fruits are round ....................................................... Grapes► 2' Fruits are elongate ................................................... 2' Fruits are elongate ...................................................

BananasBananas► 3. Thick skin that separates easily from flesh .............Oranges3. Thick skin that separates easily from flesh .............Oranges► 3' Thin skin that adheres to flesh .............................. Go to 43' Thin skin that adheres to flesh .............................. Go to 4► 4. More than one seed per fruit ............................ Apples4. More than one seed per fruit ............................ Apples► 4' One seed per fruit ............................................ Go to 54' One seed per fruit ............................................ Go to 5► 5. Skin covered with velvety hairs .................... Peaches5. Skin covered with velvety hairs .................... Peaches► 5' Skin smooth, without hairs ........................... Plums5' Skin smooth, without hairs ........................... Plums