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Chapter 10

Puberty and Adolescence

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Puberty and Adolescence Puberty or preadolescence (11-14 years)

Begins with the development of secondary sex characteristics

Ends with onset of menses and production of sperm Characteristics

Rapid physical growth Changes in body proportions Development of primary and secondary sex characteristics

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Common Frustrations in Puberty and Adolescence Wishing for independence while needing

supervision Concerned about changing appearance Seeking acceptance while confused by peers Struggling to achieve while accepting more

responsibility Fluctuating between adult and childlike impulses Balancing a demanding schedule while needing

increased rest and sleep

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Puberty and Adolescence Adolescence

A transitional period begins with sexual maturity and growth and ending with emotional maturity.

Major characteristics Stormy emotions Feelings of insecurity Introspection Experimentation and learning Testing values and beliefs

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Physical Characteristics

Puberty Height and weight Development of sex characteristics

Primary Secondary

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Physical Characteristics (continued)

Adolescence Height and weight Muscle and bone development Development of other body systems

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Vital Signs

Pulse Respirations Blood pressure

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Developmental Milestones

Motor development Sexual development Concerns

Sexually transmitted diseases Teen pregnancy Rape

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Psychosocial Development

Puberty Adolescence Erikson’s task—Identity Ambivalence

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Psychosocial Development (continued)

Emotions Dating School and work Friendships Experimentation Testing boundaries Discipline

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Cognitive Development

Piaget—Formal operational thought Formal reasoning Scientific reasoning Problem solving Abstract thinking

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Moral Development

Early adolescence—Kohlberg’s Conventional level Moral reasoning based on earlier learned

principles of right and wrong

Later adolescents begin to question everything and to try out their own code of ethics Some develop a sense of spiritual awareness

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Communication

Increased language and vocabulary skills Express thoughts and beliefs Use language common to group, culture,

and time

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Nutrition Rapid growth results in need for increased:

Calories Protein Minerals Vitamins

Screen for high cholesterol Eating habits affected by time pressure and

peers

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Nutrition (continued)

Concerns Food fads Dieting

Anorexia nervosa Bulimia

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Sleep and Rest

Need for adequate sleep—8 hours Inadequate sleep and rest leads to:

Irritability Poor school performance Health problems

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Exercise and Leisure

Exercise Helps maintain good health Encourages social interactions Strengthens and builds muscles and endurance

Leisure Part-time jobs are common

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Safety

Common accidents Motor vehicle Sporting accidents Firearm injuries and deaths Homicides

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Health Promotion

Maintain regular medical check-ups Routine visual and hearing tests Monitor blood pressure and blood

cholesterol

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Special Concerns

Depression Substance abuse

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Chapter Challenge

Define ambivalence Distinguish between primary and secondary

sex characteristics Name the common health concerns for this

stage of development