CONTENTS

Sr. Title Sign Remarks

1 Introduction of the Poem

2 Theme of the poem is Religious

3 Journey of the Magi a Religious Poem

4 Conclusion

5 Bibliography

INTRODUCTION OF THE POEM

The journey of the magi was published in the 1927 in which year Eliot was

converted to Anglicanism.

The poem is in search of the child Christ. He is journeying in search of the

child Christ through inclement conditions. He dissatisfied with the world of

senses and so desires death for new life. But then he is not joyous he is rather

resigned. At last after a long journey, he reaches the land of nativity that he

recognizes from the vegetation all around . he also recognizes this land as the

land of death and birth. He now gets the vision of the ultimate and yet he

cannot relinquish his own world to reach the land of the ultimate.

THEME OF THE POEM IS RELIGIOUS

Journey of the magi is religious poem. It is the promise of salvation. The

Magi is three wise man from to see newly born Christ. They have to face

many obstacles on their way. The regret for the kingdoms they have left. The

paths are difficult and weather is bad.

The camel man leave as they do not get wine and woman.

JOURNEY OF THE MAGI AS THE RELIGIOUS POEM

The journey of the magi is an allegory of spiritual journey in which the flesh

still craves for sensual enjoyment. The details of the journey of the three

wise man from the east bound for Jerusalem to honour the new born Jesus

are the “ objective correlatives” of the spiritual experience of the journey

from the kingdom of the world to the kingdom of heaven. Which entails the

death of the old physical self and the birth of new spiritual one. It is a long

hazardous journey in “the worst time of the year” when the body needs

protection and seeks sensual pleasure . all the material aids of the journey are

growing weak and incapable of providing physical stimulus.

The camels galled , sore footed , refractory

lying down in the melting snow.

The camel man cursing and grumbling and earning away

and the night fires going out, and the lack of shelters.

And the cities hostile and the town unfriendly

and the villages dirty and charging high prices.

The magi are a composite symbol of the spiritual quarter while one of them

reminisces the journey undertaken by them. He longingly recollects their

indulgence in sensual pleasure. He says that while they were going to the

fleshly enjoyments that lack of which tortured them and in such a moment of

spiritual crisis, they regretted to have obeyed the call of the spirit saying

“That this was all folly”

However the quester survives the long journey in the night and at dawn he is

in a “temperate valley” where everything is pleasant. It is the dawn of

spiritual exhilaration. the different aspects of nature signify the new images

of life the “ running stream” symbolizes the rhythmic flow of life the “water

mill beating the darkness” suggests the doubt being driven away the

galloping away of “ the white horse” in the meadow symbolizes upward

movement of the spirit. At this stage the quester becomes conscious of the

betrayal of the man of belief at the hands of those who are without any

belief. In this kingdom of spirit he visualizes the three crosses on cavalry one

of Christ and the other two of the two male factors” he also has the vision of

the Christ riding a white horse and of Judas betraying Christ for thirty pieces

of silver and the roman dicing for the robes of Christ after his crucifixion.

These memories of misdeeds of men without belief engage his mind for a

while and he realizes that the secret of his quest is not revealed to him as yet

and so he continues his exploration. At the end of the day he finds himself at

a place from where he looks back to the region he has traversed and feels

satisfied with the advance he has made.

The positive gain of the journey is the affirmation of the belief that for the

spiritual rejuvenation the overcoming of the sensual aspect of life is

essential. After sacrificing his body Christ become the eternal symbol of the

immortal savior of mankind the emblem of belief in . the virtues of life. The

protagonist has begun to believe that a new spiritual sense has evolved in

him. Like the crucifixion of Christ the painful experience of undergoing the

process of the purgation of his soul has been agonizing. But when he comes

back from “ the twilight kingdom” to the kingdom of disbelief , he is “ no

longer at ease here” because he is away from:” the dispersion of the grace of

god” and is condemned to live in the world of the old dispensation” of

Acadia in the midst of man without belief who adore old god of greed lust

and lechery. However, the experience of his spiritual journey has

transformed him. He considers these men alien different from him and

wishes to experience once more the death of his physical lust.

CONCLUSION

Journey of the Magi is highly religious poem. The religious nature of the

poem.

The magi means a three wise man form the east begin their journey to

Bethlehem city to see the newly born child Christ. The birth of Christ does

not bring.

The birth of Christ is a kind of death for the Magi. They do not feel easy and

lose peace of mind. They feel alienated form society. They wish to welcome

death that they may get a new faith taught be Christ.

Their journey symbolises a spiritual and psychological transformation of the

old something new. It is symbolic mental reorientation the image are

suggestive and symbolic.

The water and the mill symbolises the vital force of life. The valley tree and

tavern symbolises hope and freedom reference.

Thus journey of the Magi is fine dramatic monologue. It is religious poem.

Above all poem is full of striking image and effective.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

T.S. Eliat, Quest for Belief A Study for his poetry and Drama

Virendra K. Roy, Ajanta Publication,

Dr. S.C. Mundra, A.V. Super Guide, English Literature (1550 to 1832)

WORDSWORTH’S TINTERN ABBEY

AS A NATURE POEM

A PAPER

AS A PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR MASTER OF ARTS

ENGLISH

PART II PAPER II,I

BY

PALLAVI RAMESH DURDHAWALE

ROLL NO. 408

SUBMITTED TO

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH

RNC ARTS JDB COMMERCE AND NSC SCIENCE

COLLEGE NASHIK ROAD

CONTENTS

Sr. Title Sign Remarks

1 Introduction of the Poem

2 Theme of the poem

3 Tinteen Abbey as a Nature Poem

4 Conclusion

5 Bibliography

INTRODUCTION OF THE POEM

The poem was composed by Wordworth in 1798. It was also published in the

same year.

He had first visited the river wye in 1973. the republican ideas had a great

influence on his mind on that time. His mind was full of hopes that made

him feel that a new era of liberty and happiness had begun. The resuld was

that every outward things made him very happy. But in careless sensuous

way. By 1798 however at the time of his second visit things had wholly

changed. He was looking out for solace. Nature sought to offer him peace

and he began to find a deeper significance and meaning in the base

landscape. He began to see in nature.

During the visit of 1798 his sister Dorthy was with him.

THE THEME OF THE POEM

The theme of the poem is favorable subject of word worth’s influence of

nature on the life of man in all its mature age. The poem is autobiographical

and gives us an account of the growth. Of the poet’s concepts of nature. The

intention of the poet is too show that ultimately the true function of nature is

to be man’s prime teacher.

TINTREN ABBEY

AS A NATURE POEM

Wordsworth was a keen observer of nature. it was easy to grasp or

understand and to represent the mysteries of nature. All the truth and

philosophy of human life can be found in the interpretation of nature the

relationship to man and his life.

William Wordswoth revisited the river wye in 1798 after 5 years. He

remembers his first visit and then describes the beauty of the landscape. he

says that though five years had passed he had not forgotten the beautiful

landscape that he had seen in 1793. that pleasant sight has always been

during this period. A sweet memory to him often in time of depression and

gloom that memory had given him joy and soothed his sorrow. He had often

turned for peace and now he is again actually before the river.

Then begin Wordswort’s description of three stages of his concept of nature

only through the senses. At this time nature was only a passion to him. It was

short of course appetite but gradually as he advanced in age [possibly due to

his disillusionment as regards the hopes that he had placed in the French

revolution] this conception underwent a radical change. He now began to

look deeper into nature and started hearing” the still sad music of humanity”

Gradually he began to realize a still deeper meaning. He found that man had

much to learn from nature. Which was man’s prime teacher. He was led to

this belief because he now began to believe the doctrine of immanence. The

divine spirit pervades all things in nature.

Wordsworth again speaks of the blissful influence that nature can and does

exercise over the man. Wordsworth feels that the pleasure he is deriving

from the river because nature never forgets nor betrays of nature. He says to

her that when in future years her youthful emotions shall grow calm she

would find. that her brother’s earnest words had a great power to heal the

sorrows of her future years. Even if the poet was away from her. She would

recall that he brother had stood with her on the banks of the wye that he

revisited the river as worshiper of nature or with a holier love for nature.

Having visualized a divine presence in her and that her[sister’s] company

had the enhanced the beauty of nature is his eyes.

POET’S LOVE FOR NATURE

Tinteen Abbey is one of the greatest poems written by Wordsworth. It has

fine poetry in the seal importance rests upon the autobiographical element

contained in it element that has made its for the critics. A very east takes to

understand his other workers. In this beautiful poem Wordsworth has given

an account of the various phases and periods of his love of nature.

Wordsworth revisits after five years the river wye a few miles above.

Tintreen Abbey and sees and praises the beautiful scene once again. He see

and describes the beauties of the landscape.

During the five years that had passed since his first visit to the place

Wordsworth had not forgotten this beautiful place. The memory of the

landscape had always given him peace and pleasure. It had always produced

in his mind a feeling that had an exulting and noble influence on his

character. He had often turned to the memory of the wye for the relief from

the fret and fever life. It shows him as not merely the lover but a worshipper

of nature. In the poem Wordsworth shows himself as “Nature’s Priest”.

CONCLUSION

Wordsworth believes that the things of nature. He expressed love for nature

other poems beautifully but here there is attitude of veneration and homage

Wordsworth feels that he is a dedicated sprit.

Wordsworth is content to say let nature be your teacher. Even the famous

line

“One impulse from a vernal wood

may teach you more of man

of moral evil or god

all the sages can”

The poem is very strong and emphatic expression of Wordsworth ‘s idea that

nature exercises upon the language is very simple and fine nature of man a

purifying influence and enables him to probe into the reality of man.

Another important thing to be hated is that the poem with an inimitable

sincerity gives three stages of Wordsworth’s life as a lover of Nature.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Dr. R. L. Varshney , Dr. S.C. Mundra,

A.V. Super Guide, English Literature (1550 to 1832)

PORPHYRIA’S LOVER

AS A LOVE POEM

A PAPER

AS A PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR

MASTER OF ARTS

ENGLISH

PART II PAPER II

BY

PALLAVI RAMESH DURDHAWALE

ROLL NO : 408

SUBMITTED TO :

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH

RNC ARTS JDB COMMERCE & NSC

SCIENCE COLLEGE, NASHIK ROAD

2010 - 2011

CONTENTS

Sr. Title Sign Remarks

1 Introduction of the Poem

2 Prophyria’s true love

3 Struggle between love and barriers

4 Psychological study of love

5 Lover’s bad thinking

6 Conclusion

Bibliography

INTRODUCTION

“Porphria’s” lover and is one of the famous love lyrics by Robert Browning

the poem begins abruptly yet we may make act that Prohyria’s lover, her

lover very deeply. She is a lady of high social class on the contrary the lover

belongs to an ordinary social status. She is separated from him by the social

and domestic barriers.

1. PORPHYRIA’S TRUE LOVE

Prophriya’s lover is one of the love lyric. Its little also suggest is a

great love poem.

Prophriya loves her lover very deeply. She is the lady of high social

position. Prophriya is in love with young man. But she is separated

from him by the social and domestic barriers. One stormy night she

manages to escape to her lover’s house. She gives herself to her lover.

It is very happy night for both the lvoer. Prophriya running away from

home with her lover.

2. STRUGGLE BETWEEN LOVE AND BARRIERS.

In a low voice she tells him that she loves him deeply. She wants to

his but she is unable to throw down the barrier of social custom.

Besides is she is too weak to throw down the social status and

authority of her parents. Due to these barriers I spite of her intense

love she is unable to give herself to him.

3. PSYCHOLOGICAL STUDY OF LOVE.

Here Browning presents a psychological study of love Prophriya’s

lover thinks that she dies in the moment of perfect love. She love to

him forever after death. At present she loves him deeply. This is the

reason why she has come to him defying all. If she dies now. The

abnormal behavior of the lover has made critics to study the poem

form the psychological point of view. The lover called mad or insance

his abnormal behavior and frenzy in love amazing.

4. LOVER’S BAD THINKING.

Prophriya love to deeply and immortal soul. She is also belong to high

society but her lover belong to lower class society, that’s why one

evening she running away. He is in his cottage. He is sad and gloomy

to. At such meet him. She goes into his embrace. She also tells him

how passionately she loves him. But that time the lover with the

frenzy of love strangles the girl with her long yellow hair. The girl

dies and her head rested on his shoulder. Both sit together for the

whole night. Even god does not express his disapproval of the lovers

act. He feels glad and proud of his action.

CONCLUSION

The poem reflect abnormal lover character it is dramati monologue spoken

by lover. Here in this poem the contrust bath ather love poem. Ather poem

usually poet glorifies praised their beloved but in this lover is to greedy for

his love.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Dr. R. L. Varshney , Dr. S.C. Mundra,

A.V. Super Guide, English Literature (1550 to 1832)

THE CONCEPT OF DISCOURSE

A PAPER

AS A PARTIAL FULFILLMENT

OF THE COURSE

MASTER OF ARTS

ENGLISH

SEMESTER II

EVALUATION IN THE PAPER 2.3

BY

PALLAVI RAMESH DURDHAWALE

ROLL NO : 408

SUBMITTED TO :

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH

RNC ARTS JDB COMMERCE & NSC

SCIENCE COLLEGE, NASHIK ROAD

2010 - 2011

CONTENTS

Sr. Title Sign Remarks

1 Introduction

2 Meaning of the Discourse

3 The Concept of Discourse

4 The representation of Discourse

5 Problem with the proposition

6 Conclusion

Bibliography

INTRODUCTION

The paper deals with the concept of discourse. In this paper first section

deals with the meaning of discourse. Three type of meanings of discourse.

Second section deals with the concept of discourse. We have tried to the

explain the concept of discourse. Discourse concerns the use of expression

within some utterance to refer to some portion of the discourse.

The third section we deals with how to the role of discourse in language or

writing discourse represent use of speech and writing.

The forth section deals with problems with the proposition and

representation of discourse content. There exists a fundamental

methodological problem with the proposition based analysis.

MEANING OF THE DISCOURSE

Discourse concerns the use of the expressions thin some utterance to refer to

some portion of the discourse that contains that utterance.

“any meaningful interaction between or among persons”

[discourse analysis]

Gillian brown

“any form of oral or written communication or composition Is called

discourse”

[pregmatics]

Stephen C. levinson

“discourse is any connected piece of speech or writing”

[discourse analysis]

george yule

THE CONCEPT OF DISCOURSE

Discourse concerns the use of expressions within some utterance to refer to

some portion of the discourse that contains that utterance [including the

utterance itself] we may also include discourse in discourse deixis a number

of other ways in which an utterance signals its relation to surrounding text .

utterance initial anyway seems to indicate that the immediately preceding

discourse, but one or more steps back. [such signals are delicate because they

have the distinctive relativity of reference being anchored to the discourse

location of the current utterance].

The only detailed accounts of this area of deixis are, again, to be found in

fillmore 1975 and lyons 1977 . since discourse unfolds in time. It seem

natural that time deictic words can be used to refer to portions of the

discourse.

Thus analogously to last week and next Thursday we have in the last

paragraph and in the next chapter but we also have place-deictic terms

reused here and especially the demonstratives this and that. thus this can be

used to refer to a forthcoming portion of the discourse.

THE REPRESENTATION OF DISCOURSE

So far we have considered in very general terms some of the difference in

the manner of production of writing and speech. Before we go on to discuss

some of the ways in which the forms of speech and writing differ we shall

consider in the next two sections. Some of the problems of the representation

written and spoken language. We shall place this within a general discussion

of what it means to represent ‘ a text’ we shall use text as a technical term.

To refer to the verbal record of communicative act.

PROBLEMS WITH THE PROPOSITION BASED

REPRESENTATION OF DISCOURSE CONTENT

There exists a fundamental methodological problem with the proposition

based analysis of texts which makes it difficult to apply in any practical way,

in discourse analysis. The discourse analyst has to be able to set about the

analysis of pieces of text he encounters in newspapers, journals, novels

textbooks and so on.

He can not restricts has investigation to pieces of the text which he

constructs for a particular purpose.

In the following quotation, kintsch first states the outstanding

methodological problem which persists for the proposition based analysis of

text and then describes the solution he chooses.

One of the major problems in work of this type is that no algorithmic

procedure exists to analyze a given sentence [ or paragraph] into it’s

expressions themselves and translate these into English text.

CONCLUSION

In the concept discourse we have tried to assemble some of the ingredient

which would be required to construct an account of how people use

language to communicate with each other.

We have paid partial attention to ingredients, which are dominant in the

literature. We have tried to show that discourse analysis have only a partial

understanding of even the most studied ingredients. There is a dangoures

tendency. Among established scholars as among student. To hope that

particular line of approach will yield ”the truth” about a problem.

It is very easy to make claims, which are too general and to strong. We have

tried to show that some of the established wisdom in the area of discourse

analysis may illuminate some aspects of discourse processing and of

language use but that all approaches open up yet more gaps in our

understanding.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Gillian brown, George yule, Discourse Analysis, Cambridge

university press

Stephen C. Levinson, Pregmatic, Cambridge university pres

www.cambridge.org .

MYTH IN LITERATURE

A PAPER

AS A PARTIAL FULFILLMENT

OF THE COURSE

MASTER OF ARTS

ENGLISH

SEMESTER II

EVALUATION IN THE PAPER 2.4

BY

PALLAVI RAMESH DURDHAWALE

ROLL NO : 408

SUBMITTED TO :

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH

RNC ARTS JDB COMMERCE & NSC

SCIENCE COLLEGE, NASHIK ROAD

2010 - 2011

CONTENTS

Sr. Title Sign Remarks

1 Introduction to the paper

2 Myth

3 Significance in Literature

4 Literature

5 Conclusion

Bibliography

INTRODUCTION TO THE PAPER

The paper deals with signification myth in literature the first section deals

with the “myth”. In general myth is story which is not “true and involves

myth is always concerned with creation” myth explains how some things

myth embodies feeling and concept.

The second section we have tried to significance myth in literature. in

generally myth is closer to literature. All literature equally and completely

mythical must be abandoned. A myth is traditional story. A myth represents

reality than the last section is literature we deal with this section literature.

How literature and myth complimentary to each other.

MYTH

In general a myth is a story which is not “true” and involves [as a rute]

supernatural being or any rate super human being “myth explains how some

thing come to exist myth embodies feeling and concept hence the

promethean or Herculean figure or the idea of Diana or the story of the

nature of Orpheus and erudite. Many explanations of the nature order and

comic forces.

Classical writers had a ready made mythology. Other have not been so

fortunate and some have felt a great need to invent or somehow contrive

mythology which shall be vehicle of their belief poet especially have

continued to fall back on the Greek and roman myths and lesser extent. Upon

Germanic and Scandinavian myth and same cases upon Chinese , Indian,

Egyptian and Latin American. Myth as a cartridge put it to the old instinct

brings back to old names. A good example of poet who has invented

mythology akin to the traditional kind is William Blake. He said that he felt

obliged to create system other wise he would be enslaved by someone else’s.

accordingly he combined his own visionary gleams with what he lifted from

established mythologies . plus elements of Christianity and ideas. From

Sweden Borg and Neoplaonism.

A more recent example is W.B. Yeats who was the in the fortunate position

of being able to make use of considerable stock of Celtics lore and legend of

amore or less mythical kind Yeats explained his mythology in a vision.

[1926]

Myth is a Greek word indicates . it story myth is narrative or poetic

literature.

SIGNIFICATION IN LITERATURE

It generally felt that literature should be brought closer to the myth. The

resources of naturalism and symbolism have become insufficient for modern

literature. The disciplines have been modified by the search for myth.

For twenty years of or more there has been a general feeling that creative

literature should be brought closer to myth. The resources of naturalism

aesthetician and symbolism have come to seem insufficient for modern

literature. These disciplines have been suppressed or at least modified by the

search for myth. Many author work in myth. Eliot, Yeats, Joyce etc. this

essay write to Richard chase . all literature was equally and completely

mythical must be abandoned. How literature becomes myth in primitive

culture and suggest how our literature. Especially our poetry. Myth has

become term . a myth is traditional story which may describe the origins of

the world of or people. A myth is attempt to explain mysteries. Supernatural

events and culture tradition sometime sacred in nature. A myth can involve

gods or other creatures. And a myth represents reality in dramatic. In

contemporary literacy analysis. Myth has become term. Not to be ignored

and myth critics like Robert graves.

Myth has become one of the most prominent in contemporary literary

analysis. The signification is the myth before listing character of the

signification one must reflect a little on the way in which it is prepared on

the modes of correlation of the mythical concept. The mythical one is

dealing with two different types of manifestation there is no need of an

unconscious in order to explain myth.

In simple system like the language. The signified cannot distort any thing at

all the myth is constituted by a sort of constantly moving turnstile which

presents alternately the meaning of the significance and its form. A language

object and metal language a purely signifying and purely imaging

consciousness. This alteration is so to speak gathered up a purely imaging

consciousness . the alteration is so to speak gathered up in the concept which

uses like an ambiguous signifier. At once intellective and imaginary arbitrary

and natural.

LITERATURE

Literature is as well known on occupation of school and universities not

ordinary average existence there it is regrettable part preparation not for the

experience of living. But the passing of examination. It is into this

inauspicious world. Literature has been thrust and in it that teachers students

and readers must try to live.

As we are all aware ideas and attitudes that were once considered settled

have during that last fifty years under gone profound changes traditionalists.

Naturally lament the idea of change but in word that hurring as fast as this

one there is little point in such wishful thinking. It is a matter of deep

personal regret. That the field of eighteenth century English literature.

Let us first see how literature becomes myth in primitive culture and how

our literature particularly our poetry may become mythical . myth must

always discover and accept preternatural myths always show us what is more

than ordinary world. Literature become mythical by overspreading the

natural with preternatural by capturing impersonal forces to fulfil certain

emotional need.

CONCLUSION

It generally felt that literature should be brought closer to myth. The

signification myth in literature deals with myth and literature. A myth is a

traditional story, which may describe the origins of the world or of people. A

myth is an attempt to explain mysteries. Supernatural event and culture

tradition sometime sacred in nature a myth can involve gods other creatures

and a myth represents reality in dramatic.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Reena Mitra, Critical Response to Literatures in English, Atlantic

Publishers and Distributors.

J.A.Cuddon, A Dictionary of Literary Terms Contemporary Critical

Theory, A.V. Publishers And Distributors.

Dr.Vilas Salunke, Literary Theory.