JPA Designer 5.01 User Manual - JPA TL Ltd1 Introducing JPADesigner Welcome to JPADesigner version...

JPA TL Ltd.Newcastle Business Vil lage ,

33 Bell ingham Dr ive ,Nor th Tyneside Ind. Est. ,

Newcastle upon Tyne NE12 9SZ

T: 0191 270 5138E: sales@techlit .co.ukW: www.techlit .co.uk

JPA TL

JPA Designer

SAP 9.90 module • U-value modules& Condensation Risk

Version 5.01a1 and aboveISSUE FEBRUARY 2011

Contents

Contents ii

I JPA Designerbasics 1

1 IntroducingJPA Designer 21.1 JPA Designermodules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.2 Gettinghelp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

2 Gettingstarted 52.1 Systemrequirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.2 Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.3 Userregistration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.4 On-linelicencechecking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72.5 Updates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.6 OpeningandclosingJPA Designer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.7 UninstallingJPA Designer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

3 Managingprojectsandcalculations 103.1 Startinganewproject . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103.2 Addingprojectaddressdetails . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113.3 Savingprojects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123.4 Openingprojects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123.5 Addingcalculationstoaproject . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123.6 Openingandclosingcalculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133.7 Duplicatingcalculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133.8 Renamingcalculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143.9 Deletingcalculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143.10 Mergingprojects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143.11 Importingandupgradingcalculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153.12 Programoptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

II U-valuecalculations 18

4 TheJPA DesignerU-valuemodules 194.1 Uvalueprojectinformation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

ii

CONTENTS iii

5 Constructiondetails 215.1 Elementtype . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215.2 Internalandexternalsurfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235.3 Lightsteelframeconstructiontype . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235.4 Builtupmetalroofingandcladdingsystems . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

6 Workingwithlayers 246.1 InsertinglayersfromtheProductsdatabase . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246.2 Insertingblanklayersinacalculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266.3 Cutting, copying, pastinganddeletinglayers . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

7 Workingwithmaterials 287.1 Basiccharacteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287.2 Typesofmaterialsandcavities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297.3 Thermalbridging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

8 Correctionfactors 358.1 Mechanicalfasteners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358.2 Airgapcorrection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378.3 Rainwatercooling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378.4 Rainscreencladding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388.5 Elementsseparatingheatedandunheatedspaces . . . . . . . . . . 39

9 Complexcalculations 409.1 Lightsteelframedstructure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409.2 Twinskinmetalcladdingandroofing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419.3 Invertedroofs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439.4 Usingvariablelayers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449.5 Taperedlayers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

10 GroundfloorU-values 4910.1 Groundfloordetails . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

11 BasementU-values 5411.1 Basementfloors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5411.2 Basementwalls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

12 Outputtingresults 57

13 U-valuecalculationoptions 59

14 EditingtheProductsdatabase 6114.1 Shortcodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

III Condensationrisk 65

15 Assessingtheriskofinterstitialcondensation 6615.1 Environmentalconditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6715.2 Viewingresults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6715.3 Usingthepreviouscalculationmethod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

CONTENTS iv

15.4 Outputtingcalculationresults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

IV SAP 2009 72

16 JPA DesignerSAP 2009module 7316.1 OverviewoftheSAP 2009module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7316.2 Determiningcompliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7316.3 PreparingtocarryoutaSAP 2009calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . 7416.4 CarryingoutaSAP 2009calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7516.5 TheSAP window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7516.6 ProjectinformationinSAP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7716.7 Enteringprojectdata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

17 Dwellingdimensions 8317.1 Lowenergylighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

18 Ventilation 8618.1 Airinfiltration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8718.2 Ventilationopeningsandsheltering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8818.3 Ventilationtype . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

19 Walls, roofsandfloors 9219.1 Definingbuildingelements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9219.2 TheElementdialogue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9519.3 Managingbuildingelements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9619.4 Linearthermalbridging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9719.5 Thermalmass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100

20 Openings 10120.1 TheWindows, DoorsandRooflightsdialogue . . . . . . . . . . . . 10320.2 Editingmultipleopenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

21 Waterheating 10721.1 Hotwaterstoragetank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10721.2 Instantaneouswaterheatingatpointofuse . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10921.3 Combinationboiler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10921.4 Communityheatingscheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11021.5 Multi-pointgaswaterheaterorheatexchangebuiltintoagaswarm

airsystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11021.6 Boilerwiththermalstore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11121.7 Combinedprimarystorageunit(CPSU) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11321.8 MicroCHP orheatpump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11421.9 Communityheatingschemeprovidingdomestichotwateronly . . 11521.10 Solarpanels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117

22 Primaryheating 11822.1 Dwellingswithtwomainheatingsystems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11822.2 Efficiencydataforheatingsystems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11922.3 Themainprimaryheatingsystems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120

CONTENTS v

22.4 Additionaldata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125

23 Secondaryheating 126

24 Overheating 128

25 Cooling 129

26 Renewables 13026.1 Photovoltaicpanels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13026.2 Windturbines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13126.3 Hydro-electricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13126.4 Wastewaterheatrecoverysystems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13226.5 Fluegasheatrecoverysystems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13326.6 Otherallowablegeneration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134

27 Specialfeatures 135

28 Checkingcompliance 136

29 OutputtingSAP results 137

PartI

JPA Designerbasics

1

1 IntroducingJPA Designer

WelcometoJPA Designerversion5.01, thedesignandcalculationprogramfromJPA TLLtd.

JPA Designercan:

• carryoutSAP calculationstoSAP versions9.90, 9.81, 9.80and9.70, todemon-stratecompliancewiththeenergyefficiencyrequirementsofBuildingRegulationsandBuildingStandards1 andaspartofCodeforSustainableHomes(CSH) assess-ments;

• issueOn-constructionEnergyPerformanceCertificates(EPCs)fordwellingsinEng-landandWales, ScotlandandNorthernIreland;

• calculateU-valuesand κ-valuesforbuildingelements;

• carryoutcondensationriskanalysistoBS EN ISO 13788;

JPA Designerincludesmanyfeaturestomakethecalculationprocesseasier:

• Project-basedfilesystemenablesyoutokeepallthecalculationsforonedevelop-mentinsameprojectfile;

• LinksbetweenU-valueandSAP calculations, sothatSAP calculationsareautomat-icallyupdatedwhenU-valuecalculationschange;

• CalculationresultscanbeproducedasPDF filesforemailing;

• IncludesadatabaseofcommonmaterialstospeedU-valuecalculations;

• On-screenhelpwhichincludestheofficialSAP guidance.

WehopeyoufindJPA Designerausefulcalculationtool. Wearealwayshappytoreceivecomments, suggestions for improvementsor proposals for enhancements to suit yourspecificneeds.

1In order to lodge and issue EPCs in England andWales, and Northern Ireland you will needto be a member of an accreditation scheme. You can find details of our partner schemes atwww.techlit.co.uk/training/accreditation.

2

CHAPTER1. INTRODUCING JPA DESIGNER 3

1.1 JPA Designermodules

JPA Designerisamodularprogram, soyouneedonlybuythemoduleswhichgiveyouthefunctionsyouwanttouse: thecurrentmodulesare:

• SAP 2011 – calculates SAP ratings to the SAP 9.90 specification and tests newdwellingsforcompliancewiththerequirementsofBuildingRegulationsandBuild-ingStandards. (ThismodulewillalsocalculateSAP ratingstoSAP 9.81, 9.80and9.70.)

• Uvalue2011 –calculatesU-valuesofbuildingelementstakingaccountofrepeatingthermalbridgesusingthemethodsinISO 6946forexposedfloors, wallsandroofs,andthemethodinISO 13370forgroundfloorsandbasements. Italsocalculatesκ-values.

• Uvalue2011Professional –analyses the riskof interstitial condensation to ISO13788andcarriesoutelementalU-valuecalculationstoISO 6946andISO 13370,and κ-valuecalculations.

WhenyoubuyalicenceforaJPA Designermoduleyouwillreceiveakeycodetoenableyoutousethatmodule. Theothermodulesontheprogramwillbevisible, butwillonlyworkindemonstrationmodeandwillnotdisplaycalculationresults. Youcan, ofcourse,purchaseadditionalmodulesatanytime.

1.2 Gettinghelp

ThismanualhasbeendesignedtoprovideeasyreferencetoallthefeaturesofJPA De-signer. Themanualusesthefollowingconventions:

• <angledbrackets> forkeysonthecomputerkeyboard, e.g.the <Enter> key.

• the + signindicatesyoushouldholddownonekeywhilepressinganother, e.g.<Alt+F> means`holddownthe <Alt> keywhilepressingthe <F> key'.

• Boldtype indicatespartsofJPA Designer'sscreendisplays, e.g.the Ventilationratedialogue.

• Menu>option indicatestheoptioninthemenuontheprogram'smenubar, e.g.Se-lect Edit>Primaryheatingsystem means selectthe Primaryheatingsystem optionfromthe Edit menu.

Thismanualusesthefollowingspecialterms:

• Dialogue(dialoguebox): asmallwindowwhichdisplaysboxesorbuttonsforen-teringdata.

• Radiobutton: asetoftwoormorerelatedbuttons-youcanonlyselectoneatatime.

CHAPTER1. INTRODUCING JPA DESIGNER 4

• Tickbox: aboxwhichshowswhetherornotaparticularsettingison(ticked)oroff(notticked).

• Textbox: anareaonadialogueinwhichyoucantypewordsornumbers.

• Drop-down: aboxonadialoguewhichcanbeexpandedtoshowanumberofpre-setoptions, usuallybyclickinganarrowontheright-handsideofthebox.

TherearemanyfunctionsofJPA Designerwhichcanbeaccessedusingboththemenusandthetoolbars: inaddition, somemayalsohavekeyboardshortcuts. Topreventthismanualbecomingrepetitivewegenerallyreferonlytothemenus.

Ifyouhaveaproblemwiththe functioning ofthesoftwarepleasefollowthesesteps:

• Downloadand install the latestversionof JPA Designer fromourwebsite (sec-tion 2.2 forinstructions)andseeifthatresolvestheproblem.

• ChecktheforumandFAQ onourwebsite(http://forum.techlit.co.uk)toseeiftheproblemisaddressedthere.

• Iftheproblempersists, emaildetailsoftheproblemto [email protected]. PleaseincludedetailsofyourcomputersystemandattachsamplefilesorPDF outputswherepossible. Wewillrespondassoonaswecan.

Ifyouhavedifficulty using theprogram(forexample, youareuncertainhowtotreatanintegralgarageinaSAP calculation)pleasefollowthesesteps:

• Consulttheprogrammanualoron-linehelpsystem;

• ChecktheforumandFAQ onourwebsite(http://forum.techlit.co.uk)toseeifthequeryisaddressedthere;

• ConsulttheofficialSAP specificationandassociateddocuments.

• IfyouarenewtoU-valueorSAP calculationsyoushouldconsiderattendingoneourtrainingcourses, whichprovideathoroughintroductiontothesoftwareanditsuse.Weofferdistancelearning, on-lineandlivetrainingsessions(www.techlit.co.uk/training)

2 Gettingstarted

ThissectionofthemanualdescribeshowtoinstallJPA DesigneronyourPC andexplainshowtheuserregistrationandon-linelicencecheckingsystemswork. ItalsoincludesinstructionsonupdatingyourcopyofJPA Designer.

2.1 Systemrequirements

JPA DesignerrequiresaPC runningWindowsXP orlater. ThePC willrequireanregularinternet connection to check the validity of your licence, toupdate theBRE ProductCharacteristicsDatabasefortheSAP 2009moduleandtoissueEPCs.

JPA Designer can run on Intel-basedAppleMacintosh computers using virtualisationsoftware (such as Parallels orVMWare), or throughBootcamp. However, wedonotguaranteetheprogramwillrunonsuchsystems, nordoweoffertechnicalsupport.

2.2 Installation

ToinstallJPA DesigneronyourPC:

1. Gotoourwebsiteatwww.techlit.co.ukand rightclick onthelinklabelled down-loadJPA Designer: select Savelinkas (forFirefox)or Savetargetas (forInternetExplorer).

2. Savetheinstallerfile jsetup990.exe toyourPC (werecommenddownloadingthefiletotheDesktop). Thedownloadisabout13MB.

3. Whenthedownloadiscompletedoubleclickonthefile jsetup990.exe. TheIn-stallShieldWizardconfiguresitselfand, afterafewmomentsopens.

Youmayseeasecuritywarningthatthepublisherofthefilecouldnotbeidentified.Ifyoudo, click Run tocontinuetheinstallationprocess.

4. Click Next tocontinuewithinstallation. Theinstallerdisplaysthe Customerinfor-mation screen.

5. Enteryournameandcompanynameand, usingtheradiobuttons, selectwhetheryouwantJPA Designertobeavailabletoalluseraccountsonthecomputer, orjustone. (Werecommendyouselect all.) Click Next.

5

CHAPTER2. GETTING STARTED 6

Figure 2.1: TheProjectManagerwindow

6. Atthe ChooseDestinationLocation screenwerecommendyouacceptthedefaultsettingsandinstallJPA Designerintothefolder c:\programfiles\jpatl\jpadesigner981. Click Next. The installerwillnowcopy the JPA Designerfilesontoyourcomputer.

7. Wheninstallationhasfinishedthe SetupComplete screenisdisplayed. Ticktheboxlabelled Launchtheprogram andclick Finish. Theinstallerwillcloseand JPADesigner willopen, showingyouthe ProjectManager window.

2.3 Userregistration

InordertouseJPA Designeryoumustentervaliduserregistrationdetailsandtheprogrammustbeabletocheckthestatusofyourlicenceagainstourlicensingdatabase.

WhenyoufirstinstallJPA Designertheprogramrunsin demonstrationmode andwillnotdisplaytheresultsofcalculations, norallowEPCstobelodged. Inordertoaccessthefullfunctionalityofthesoftwareyoumustentertheusername(s)andkeycode(s)youreceivedwhenyouboughtalicenceforoneormoreprogrammodules.

Toenterlicencekeycodes:

1. Atthe ProjectManager window(Figure 2.1)select Edit>UserandSecurityCodesfromthemenubar. The UserRegistration dialogueopens(Figure 2.2.

2. Foreachmoduleyouhavelicensed, enterthecompanynameandkeycode, exactlyassuppliedbyJPA TL Ltd. Ifyouhavelicensedtwomodulesmakesureyouputthekeycodesagainstthecorrectmodules.

Thecompanynameiscasesensitiveandshouldbewrittenexactlyasshown: soif, forexample, youenter Limited, when thecompanynamewith thekeycodecontained Ltd theprogramwillnotacceptthekeycode.

Inthekeycode, 1=oneand0=zero.


Figure 2.2: Userregistration

2.4 On-linelicencechecking

Because licences for JPA Designergenerally run forayear theprogramhas tocheckwhetheryourlicenceisstillvalid. Itdoesthisbycontactingouron-linelicensingdatabaseandcheckingtheexpirydateformodule.

Theprogramwill try tocheck thedatabase thefirst timeyouopenaSAP orU-valuecalculationaftertheprogramitselfhasbeenlaunched.

• Ifthecheckissuccessfulthelicenceisvalidthemodulewillopen(theprogramwillrecordthedateandtimeofthatsuccessfulcheck).

• Ifthecheckissuccessfulandthelicenceisnotvalidthecalculationwillnotopen.

• Iftheprogramisunabletoconnectwiththedatabase(forexample, becauseyouareusingyour lap-topaway fromyouroffice) itwill lookat thedateof the lastsuccessfulcheck: ifthatislessthansevendaysagothenitwillopenthemodule.

• Iftheprogramisunabletoconnectwiththedatabaseandthelastsuccessfulcheckismorethansevendaysagothenitwill not openthemodule.

IfyouoftenuseJPA Designerawayfromtheofficetherearetwofeaturesyoucanusetopreventproblemswiththelicencecheck:

• The ProjectManager toolbardisplaysthelengthoftimesincethelastsuccessfullicencecheck: providedthevaluesshownare green themodulewillopen.

• The Checklicenceon-line buttononthetoolbarwillforcealicencecheckandre-setthetimesincethelastchecktozero. Youshouldforceacheckifyouexpectnottohaveaninternetconnectionforafewdays.


Figure 2.3: TheAboutdialogueshowingtheversionnumber

2.5 Updates

JPA Designeriscontinuallybeingdevelopedtointroducenewfeatures: togetthebestfrom theprogram it isworthmaking sureyouareusing the latest version. Tocheckwhetherthereisalaterversionavailableyoushouldcomparetheversionnumbershownonourwebsite(www.techlit.co.uk)withthatoftheprogramyouareusing: youcanfindtheversionnumberbyselecting Help>About fromthemenubarinJPA Designer.

Highernumbersandlettersindicatelaterreleases, withcharacterscomingearlierinthenamebeingmoreimportantthatlaterones: so4.05a1willbemorerecentthan4.04c2,and4.05b1morerecentthan4.04a4. Thethreedigit Build numberindicatesaminorchangeinaversion. Figure 2.3 showsthe About dialogueforJPA Designertogetherwiththeversionnumberonthewebsite: inthiscasethesoftwareisuptodate, asbothversionnumbersarethesame.

Theprocessforupdatingthesoftwareisidenticaltothatoforiginallyinstallingit, butwiththeadditionalstepof uninstalling yourcurrentversionofJPA Designerbeforeinstallingthenewversion.

ToupdateJPA Designer:

1. UsetheWindows Add/RemovePrograms or Uninstallprograms controlpaneltouninstallthecurrentversionofJPA Designer.

Uninstallingthecurrentversionwillnotaffectyourcalculationfiles.

2. DownloadandinstallthenewversionofJPA Designerfollowingtheinstructionsinsection 2.2.

2.6 OpeningandclosingJPA Designer

ToopenJPA Designer:


• Select Start>Programs>JPA Designer>JPA Designer fromtheWindows Start but-ton.

TocloseJPA Designer:

• Select File>Exit fromtheJPA Designermenubar. Theprogramwillpromptyoutocloseanyfileswhichhavenotbeensaved.

2.7 UninstallingJPA Designer

TouninstallJPA Designer:

1. OpentheWindows Add/Removeprograms controlpanel(toaccessControlPanelsselect Settings>ControlPanels fromthe Start button).

2. SelectJPA Designerinthe Add/RemoveProgramsProperties dialogueandclickAdd/Remove. Windowswilluninstalltheprogramfilesandremoveitsicons.

ThatwillnotremoveanyJPA Designerprojectfiles.

3 Managingprojectsandcalculations

JPA Designerorganisesandsavescalculationsinprojectfiles, whichhavetheextensionJDP.YoucansavemultipleSAP andU-valuecalculationsinthesamefile.

Calculationsarecreated, savedandmanagedintheJPA Designer ProjectManager win-dow(Figure 2.1), whichlistsallthecalculationsinthecurrentproject.

3.1 Startinganewproject

WheneveryoustartJPA Designertheprogramcreatesanewblankprojectwhichyoucanstartusingstraightaway. YoucanalsocreateanewprojectatanytimebyselectingFile>NewProject fromthemainmenu, orclickingtheNewProject buttononthetoolbar.

Youcanchangethedefaultprojectname A blankproject tosomethingmoreuseful:

1. Clickonceontheprojectnamethenselect Edit>Renameselecteditem. The Projectname dialogueopens(Figure 3.1).

2. Enterthenewnameforyourproject, thenclickOK.

3. Theprojectisrenamed

Theprojectnamedoesnotaffectthecalculationsinanyway.

Figure 3.1: Changingthenameofaproject

10

CHAPTER3. MANAGING PROJECTS AND CALCULATIONS 11

Figure 3.2: TheProjectAddressdialogue

3.2 Addingprojectaddressdetails

JPA Designercanstoreclientandsitedetailsforaproject, whichyoucanthencopytoalltheindividualcalculationswithinthatproject. Youcanenterandeditthatinformationusingthe ProjectAddress dialogue(Figure 3.2). Youcanalsostoreclientinformationandreuseitlater.

Toaddorchangeprojectinformation:

1. From themenubar select Edit>ProjectAddress. The ProjectAddress dialogueopens.

2. Enterthedatabytypingitintotheappropriatefields. Usethe <Tab> keytomovebetweenfields.

Donot try toenterdata in thetop lefthandbox: thisbox isusedforretrievingdetailsyouhavepreviouslystored.

3. Ifyouwanttostoretheclientdetailstore-uselaterclick Addtoclients.

4. Click OK whenyouhaveenteredallthedatayouneed.

Tore-useexistingclientdatasimplyclickonthedrop-downinthe Projectinformationdialogueandselectaclientfromthelist(Figure 3.3).

Ifyouneedtoeditthestoreddetailsclick Editclientslist thenmakethechangesintheEditClients dialogue.


Figure 3.3: Theclientnameandaddressdrop-down

3.3 Savingprojects

JPA Designerprojectaresavedinthesamewayasanyotherfile:

1. Fromthemenubarselect File>SaveProject. The SaveAs dialogueopens.

2. Selectthefolderintowhichtheprojectshouldbesaved, enteranamefortheprojectfile.

BydefaultJPA Designerwilladdtheextension JDP toallfilenames.

3. Click Save. JPADesignersavestheprojectanddisplaysthefilenameontheprogramtitlebar.

BydefaultJPA DesignerwillsavefilesintotheJPA Designerfolder(usually c:\ProgramFiles\JPATL\JPA Designer981). Youcanspecifyadifferentdefaultfolderusingthe Op-tions dialogue(see section 3.12).

Werecommendyouhaveadailyback-upscheduleforyourdata.

3.4 Openingprojects

Toopenanexistingproject:

1. Fromthemenubarselect File>Openproject. The Open dialogueopens.

2. Selectthefileyouwanttoworkwith, thenclick Open. TheprojectopensintheProjectManager window.

3.5 Addingcalculationstoaproject

Youcanaddnewcalculationstoaprojectinthe ProjectManager window.

ToaddanewU-valuecalculationtoaproject:

1. Fromthemenubarselect Insert>U-valuecalculation. The Description dialogueopens(Figure 3.4).


Figure 3.4: TheDescriptiondialogue

2. Typeanameforthecalculationinthe Description dialogue, e.g. warmroof, andclick OK.Thenewcalculationisaddedtotheproject.

ToaddanewSAP calculationtoaproject:

1. Fromthemenubarselect Insert>Dwelling/SAP (v9.812005)calculation>Singledwelling. The Description dialogueopens(Figure 3.4).

2. Typeanameforthecalculationinthe Description dialogue, e.g. Plot23, andclickOK.Thenewcalculationisaddedtotheproject.

YoucanalsousetheInsertmenutoinsertcalculationstoversions9.81, 9.80and9.70ofSAP,aswellasSAP calculationsformultipledwellings.

3.6 Openingandclosingcalculations

ToopenaU-valueorSAP calculationfromthe ProjectManager window, either:

• doubleclickonthecalculationname; or,

• clickonceonthecalculationname, thenfromthemenubarselect Edit>Selecteditem.

Tocloseacalculationandreturntothe Projectmanager windowclickthe Projectman-ager buttononthetoolbar.

3.7 Duplicatingcalculations

Ifyouwanttoprepareacalculationwhichisverysimilartoanexistingcalculationinaprojectyoucanduplicatethecalculationandthenmakeyourchangesto thecopy,withoutaffectingtheoriginalcalculation. Toduplicateacalculation:

1. Inthe ProjectManager windowclickonceonthecalculationtoselectit.

2. Fromthemenubarselect Edit>Duplicateitem. The Description dialogueopens.

3. Typeaname for theduplicatecalculationandclick OK.A copyof theoriginalcalculationisaddedtotheproject.

Youcannowworkwiththeduplicatecalculationintheusualway.


3.8 Renamingcalculations

Tochangethenameofacalculation:


2. Fromthemenubarselect Edit>Renameselecteditem. The Name dialogueopens.

ForaU-valuecalculationthedialoguewillthetitled U-valueName andforaSAPcalculationitwillbetitled SAP name.

3. Enteranewnameforthecalculationandclick OK.The ProjectManager windowshowsthenewname.

Changingthenameofthecalculationwillnotaffectthecalculationresults.

3.9 Deletingcalculations

CalculationscanbedeletedfromJPA Designerprojects.

WARNING:thereisnowayofrecoveringadeletedcalculation.

Todeleteacalculation:


2. Fromthemenubarselect Edit>Deleteselected item. JPA Designerasksyou toconfirmthedeletion.

3. Click Yes todeletethecalculationor No toabandonthedeletion. Ifyouclick Yesthecalculationisremovedfromtheproject.

3.10 Mergingprojects

Tohelpyoure-useSAP andU-valuecalculationsJPA Designerallowsyoutomergeallthecalculationsinanexistingprojectintothecurrentlyopenproject. Thiscanbeusefulifyouhaveanumberofstandardcalculationsstoredindifferentprojectswhichyouneedtobringtogetherforaparticularjob.

Tomergecalculationsfromoneprojectintoanother:

1. In ProjectManager openorcreatetheprojectyouwantto receive thecalculations.

2. Fromthemenubarselect File>MergeaprojectfromdiskintothisProject. TheOpen dialogueappears.

3. Selectthefilewhich contains thecalculationsandclick Open. JPA Designeraddsthecalculationstothecurrentprojectandliststheminthe ProjectManager win-dow. Youcannoweditthemwithoutaffectingtheoriginalproject.


3.11 Importingandupgradingcalculations

JPA DesignercanconvertSAP calculationscarriedoutunderoneversionofSAP toalaterversionofSAP.YoumayneedtodothiswhentheBuildingRegulationscompliancecalculationisbasedonapreviousversionofSAP,buttheEPC hastobeissuedusingthecurrentversionofSAP.Theprogramtakesacopyofthedatafromtheoriginalcalculationandconvertsthecopytothelatestversion, leavingtheoriginalcalculationuntouched.

Youcan:

• convertSAP 9.81calculationstoSAP 9.90;

• convertSAP 9.70calculationstoSAP 9.80/9.81;

• importSAP 9.60calculationsfromJPA SAP v2andconverttoSAP 9.70.

Ineachcaseyoucanconvert thecalculationfromanolderversionofSAP toamorerecentversion, butyoucannotconvertacalculationtoanolderversionofSAP.

ToconvertaSAP 9.81/9.80calculationtoSAP 9.90:

1. Inthe ProjectManager windowselecttheSAP 9.81calculation.

2. Fromthemenubarselect Edit>CopyselectedSAP 9.8x2005dwellingtoV9.902009.

3. JPA DesignercreatesacopyoftheoriginalcalculationasaSAP 9.90calculation.Thecopyhasthesamenameastheoriginal, butappendedwith SAP version9.90.

ToconvertaSAP 9.70calculationtoSAP 9.80:

1. Inthe ProjectManager windowselecttheSAP 9.70calculation.

2. Fromthemenubarselect Edit>CopyselectedSAP 9.702001toSAP 9.802005dwelling.

3. JPA DesignercreatesacopyoftheoriginalcalculationasaSAP 9.80calculation.Thecopyhasthesamenameastheoriginal, butappendedwith SAP version9.80.

The9.80calculationcanthenupdatedto9.81bytickingthe SAP version9.81 boxinthe ProjectInformation dialogueintheSAP module(see section 16.6)

4. Whenyouopenthe9.80calculationyouwillbepromptedtoaddadditionaldetailswhichwerenotrequiredbytheearlierversionofSAP.


3.12 Programoptions

TherearemanywaysinwhichyoucancustomisetheperformanceandoutputsofJPADesigner. Mostoftheoptionsarecontrolledfromthe Options dialogue.

Toopenthe Options dialogue, in ProjectManager select Options fromthemenubar.

TheOptionsdialogueboxhasfourtabs:

General:

• Printermargins: enablesyoutosetthepagemargins. Ifyouareusingheadedpaperyoucansetthetopmarginforthefirstpagetobegreaterthanthatofthesecondpage, whichcanbeprintedoncontinuationpaperorblankpaper.

• Companynameandaddress: thedetailsenteredherewillappearonprintoutsandPDFsofU-valueandSAP calculations.

• Options: selectwhichitemswhichshouldappearontheprintoutsanddeterminewhethertheprogramshouldattempttomakeabackupcopyoftheprojectfile.

• UvalueDisclaimer: enterthedisclaimertexttoappearonprintoutsandPDFsofU-valuecalculations.

• SAP/Nondwelldisclaimer: enter thedisclaimertext toappearonprintoutsandPDFsofSAP andNondwellcalculations.

• DefaultSAP location: determineswhichregulationswillbeusedforSAP calcula-tions: currentlythechoicesareEnglandandWales, ScotlandorNorthernIreland.

• Start-upfolder: setsthedefaultfolderforsavingandopeningprojectfiles.

• Checkforprogrammeupdates: letsyouspecifywhetherornotthesoftwarewillcheckforupdatedversionsofJPA Designer. Formoreinformationsee section 2.5.

Logoandsignature:

• Logoposition: JPA Designercanaddyourcompanylogotoprintouts. Usethesesettingstodeterminethepositionofthelogo. Thelogofilemustbea256colourbitmapwiththefileextensionBMP,anditmustbeintheJPA Designerfolder. Enterthenameofthefileinthetextbox: donotincludethepath(e.g.enter logo.bmpnot c:\Programfiles\JPATL\JPA Designer981\logo.bmp).

• Addressposition: ThesesettingsdeterminethepositionofyourcompanyaddressonprintoutsandPDFs. Entertheaddressitselfinthe General tab.

• Certificatesignatureposition: JPA DesignercanincludeadigitisedsignatureonprintoutsofSAP calculations. Usethesesettingstodeterminethepositionofthesignature. Thesignaturefilemustbea256colourbitmapwiththefileextension,andmustbestoredinthesamefolderastheprogramfiles.

TheSAP certificateisonlyusedwithSAP 2001, version9.70.


• TIMSA Logo: ifyouareamemberoftheBBA/TIMSA U-valueaccreditationschemeyoucanaddtheschemelogotoyouprintouts. Thelogomustbea256colourbitmapwiththefileextension, andmustbestoredinthesamefolderastheprogramfiles. Tickthe Default boxifyouwantthelogotobeincludedonallU-valueprint-outs.

Email:

In futureversionsof theprogramyouwillbeable toemailcalculationsdirectly fromJPA Designer. Thereisnoneedtoprovidethisinformationinthecurrentversionoftheprogram.

Other:

The Other tabletsyouset:

• thedefaultthermalconductivityofthescreedinabeamandblockfloorconstruc-tion;

• calculating the effect ofmechanical fasteners inU-value calculations using themethodinBS EN ISO 6946:2007.

• the locationof theSAP previewwindow, togetherwith it length (this isnot thesizeofthewindowonscreen, buttheamountofscrollablespaceallocatedtothepreview–alongpreviewishelpfulifyouwanttoviewthecalculationresultsonscreenwhenyourcalculationhasalargenumbersofelementsandopenings).

• whetherEPCsarelodgedinLandmark'stestorliveenvironments, andwhichversionoftheXML schemaisused(thisismainlyusedbyJPA TL andaccreditationschemesfortestingsystems).

PartII

U-valuecalculations

18

4 TheJPA DesignerU-valuemodules

JPA DesignerofferstwoU-valuemodules:

• Uvalue2010 calculatesU-valuesforwalls, roofsandintermediatefloorsusingthecombinedmethod(BS EN ISO 6946)andalsocalculatesU-valuesforgroundfloorstoBS EN ISO 13370.

• Uvalue2010Professional hasthefunctionalityofUvalue2010andalsoperformscondensationriskanalysisusingthemethodssetoutinBS EN ISO 13788:2002andBS 5250:1989AppendixD.

UvaluecalculationsarecarriedoutintheUvaluemoduleby:

1. Enteringprojectinformation(section 4.1).

2. Entering key information about the building element, such as the element type(e.g.wall, floor, roof)andanyspecialconstructiontypes(e.g.metalframe)(chap-ter 5);

3. Definingthedifferentlayerswhichmakeuptheelement(chapter 7);

4. Addingcorrectionfactorsforfactorssuchasmechanicalfastenersandairgapsininsulationlayers(chapter 8).

5. Printingcalculationresults, orcreatingPDF filesoftheresultsforemailing(chap-ter 12).

Youcantesttheeffectdifferentmaterialshaveonthethermalperformanceoftheelementbyusingthevariablelayerfeature(section 9.4).

19

CHAPTER4. THE JPA DESIGNER U-VALUE MODULES 20

4.1 Uvalueprojectinformation

JPA Designercanstoreanddisplayclientandprojectdetailsforeachcalculation. Youcaneithercopyclientandprojectdetailswhichyouenteredinthe ProjectInformationdialogueinthe ProjectManager window, oryoucanenternewdataintheUvaluemod-ules. Youcanalsosaveandre-useclientdata(section 3.2).

TocopyprojectdetailsfromProjectManager:

1. In theUvaluemoduleselect Edit>Project Information fromthemenubar. TheProjectInformation dialogueopens.

2. Clickthe Inherit button. AnyinformationyouenteredinProjectManageriscopiedtothe ProjectInformation dialoguehere.

3. Click OK.

Toenternewprojectdetails:

1. In theUvaluemoduleselect Edit>Project Information fromthemenubar. TheProjectInformation dialogueopens.

2. Enterprojectinformationbytypingitintotheappropriatefields. Usethe <Tab>key tomovebetweenfields. Click OK whenyouhaveenteredall thedatayouneed.

5 Constructiondetails

The thermalperformanceofbuildingelementwillbeaffectedby the typeofelementanditspositionwithinabuilding. Theseconditionsaresetinthe U-valueConstructiondialogue(Figure 5.1), whichacceptsdetailsof:

• Thetypeofelement(e.g.roof, wall, floor), togetherwithadditionalinformationforsomeelements(section 5.1).

• Theconditionsattheinternalandexternalssurfaces(see section 5.2).

• Detailsofanylightsteelframeconstruction(see section 9.1).

• Detailsofbuiltuproofingorcladding(see section 9.2).

• Correctionsfactorsforfastenersandunheatedspaces(see section 8.5).

Toenterdata:

1. Fromthemenubarselect Edit>Constructiontype. The U-valueConstruction dia-logueopens.

2. Enteryourdataandclick OK.

Forsomeconstructions, suchasthosewithmechanicalfasteners, youmayfinditeasiertoentersomeofthedataintheconstructiondialogue after youhaveenteredthelayersoftheelement.

5.1 Elementtype

JPA Designerrecognisesseveraltypesofelementwhichhavetobetreateddifferentlyinthecalculationprocess. Usetheradiobuttonsinthe Elementtype sectiontoselectthetypeoffloor, wallorroof. Forsomeelementsthereareoptionsforenteringadditionalinformation.

Theavailableelementtypesare:

• Flatroof. A roofwithapitchtypicallylessthan10°. Thereisanoptiontoenterdataforaninvertedroof(section 9.3).

21

CHAPTER5. CONSTRUCTION DETAILS 22

Figure 5.1: TheU-valueConstructiondialogue

• Pitched roofwithhorizontal ceiling. Typically a `cold roof'with the insulationappliedbetweenandovertheceilingjoists. Youmustenterthepitch(angle)oftheroof, measuredfromthehorizontal.

• Pitchedroofwithceilingat rafter line. A `warmroof'with the insulation in theplaneoftherafters.

• Wall. Anyconstructionatanangleofmorethan70°tothehorizontal. Thereisanoptiontoenterdataforthefixingsinrainscreencladding(section 8.4).

• Floorotherthangroundfloor. A flooroveranopenspace(e.g.aparkingbay)oranunheatedspace(e.g.anenclosedgarage).

• Solidgroundfloor. A floorwhichiscontactwiththegroundacrossitswholearea,suchasgroundbearingconcreteslab.

• Suspendedgroundfloor. A floorwithaventilatedspacebelowthefloordeck, suchasabeamandblockfloorortimberjoistfloor.

• Basementfloor.

• Basementwall.

CHAPTER5. CONSTRUCTION DETAILS 23

Youmayalsoenteradescriptionfortheelementinthe Description box, orselectonefromthedrop-downlist. Thedescriptiondoesnotaffectthecalculation

5.2 Internalandexternalsurfaces

U-valuecalculationsincludeallowancesfortheeffectsofthethermalresistancesofthethinlayersofaironeithersideoftheconstruction; thesurfaceresistances. Thoseresis-tancesareaffectedbythedirectionofheatflowthroughtheconstructionandtheemis-sivityoftheexposedsurfaces.

Thesurfaceresistancesusedinthecalculationareshowninthetwo SurfaceResistanceboxes. Theprogramautomaticallyadjuststhesurfaceresistancesaccordingtothetypeofelementbeingconsidered(section 5.1)andtheemissivityofthesurfaces, usingthevaluesfromBS EN ISO 6946shownin Table 5.1.

Thedefaultemissivitysettingis highemissivity: asvirtuallyeverycommonlyspecifiedsurfacematerialhasahighemissivitythereisrarelyanyneedtochangethedefault.

Table 5.1: Thermalresistances

Heatflow Element Internalresistance(Rsi) Externalresistance(Rse)

Horizontal Wall 0.13 0.04Upwards Roof 0.10 0.04Downwards Floor 0.17 0.04

5.3 Lightsteelframeconstructiontype

U-values for lightsteel framestructureshave tobecalculatedusingaspecialmethodwhichallowsforthehighthermalconductivityofsteel. The Lightsteel-frameConstruc-tionType sectionindicateswhetherthestructurehasalightsteelframe, andifso, whetheritisofwarmorcoldconstruction.

Fornon-steelframestructuresensureNotalightsteelframeconstruction isselected. ForinstructionsforcalculatingU-valuesoflightsteelframestructuressee section 9.1.

5.4 Builtupmetalroofingandcladdingsystems

U-valuesforbuilt-upmetalroofingandcladdingsystemshavetobecalculatedbyaspe-cialmethodwhichtakesaccountofthethermalbridgingeffectsoftherailsandbrackets.Ifthecalculationisforabuilt-upwallorrooftickthe Built-upmetalroof/wall boxandsee section 9.2 forinstructionsoncompletingthecalculation. Otherwiseleavetheboxblank.

6 Workingwithlayers

A U-valuecalculationisbuiltupbyinsertinglayerswhichcorrespondtothedifferentmaterialsintheconstruction. Forexample, aU-valuecalculationforacavitywallwouldhavealayertorepresenteachof:

• theoutsidesurfaceresistance;

• theouterleafofbrickwork;

• thecavity;

• thecavityinsulation;

• theinnerleafofmasonry;

• theplasterfinish;

• theinternalsurfaceresistance.

Youcanaddlayerstothecalculationbyinsertingmaterialsfromtheprogram'sextensivedatabase, which includes data for genericmaterials and cavities, aswell as brandedproductsfromanumberofmanufacturers. Formanycommonconstructionsitispossibletoinsertallthelayersfromthedatabase.

Ifyoucannotfindamaterialinthedatabasethenyoucaninsertablanklayerandedittheinformationyourself.

Becausetheprograminsertsnewlayers above thecurrentlyselectedlayeritiseasiesttoworkfromoutsidetoinsideforwallandroofcalculationsandfrominsidetooutsideforfloorcalculations.

6.1 InsertinglayersfromtheProductsdatabase

TheProductsdatabasecontainsawiderangeofmaterialsandcavitiesforuseinU-valuecalculationsandisaccessedusingthe ProductsDatabase window(Figure 6.1).

The ProductsDatabase windowhasthreemainparts:

24

CHAPTER6. WORKING WITH LAYERS 25

Figure 6.1: TheProductsDatabasewindow

• The Categories box, whichisusedtoselectthetypeofmaterialyouwanttouse.Categoriesofbrandedmaterialsareshownin bold, categoriesofgenericmaterialsinnormaltextandusercategoriesin italics (see chapter 14 forinformationonaddingyourownmaterials).

• The Products box, whichyouusetoselectamaterialfromaparticularcategory.

• The Construction boxwhichshowstheorderoflayersintheconstruction.

ToinsertlayersusingtheProductsDatabase:

1. Selecttheexistinglayerwhichwillbe below thenewlayer.

2. Fromthemenubarselect Insert>Layerfromdatabase (orclicktheDatabase buttononthetoolbar). The ProductsDatabase dialogueopens.

3. Usethescrollbaronthe Categories boxtofindthemanufacturerortypeofmaterialyouneed, thenclickonceonthatcategory. The Products boxshowsthematerialinthatcategory.


4. Clickonamaterialtoselectit, thenclickthe Addtoconstruction button(alterna-tivelyyoucandoubleclickonthematerialinthe Productsbox). The Thicknessdialogueopens.

If thematerialhasaset thickness the layerwillbeaddedwithout the Thicknessdialogueopening.

5. Enterthethicknessofthelayerthenclick OK.The Construction boxnowshowsthenewlayer.

6. Youcannowaddmorelayersfromthedatabase, usingthe Construction boxtocontrolthepositionofthenewlayers.

7. Whenyouhavefinishedaddinglayersclickthe Close button. Themain Uvaluewindownowshowsthecalculationwiththenewlayersadded.

Ifyouarenotsurewhichcategoryaparticularmaterialbelongstoyoucanusethe Searchbuttontofindit.

Youcanusethe OnlyshowMydatabase boxtomakethesoftwareonlyshowcategorieswhichyouhaveadded.

Ifyouhaveassignedshortcodes tomaterialsyoucanviewdatabase itemssortedac-cordingtotheshortcodebyclickingthesortbyshortcodecheckboxinthe ProductsDatabase dialogue. Youcanuseshortcodestoselectmaterialsbyenteringacodeinthe ShortCode textboxthenclickingthe Addtoconstruction button: howevertheshortcodesystemisnotingeneraluse.

6.2 Insertingblanklayersinacalculation

Toinsertanewblanklayer:

1. Selecttheexistinglayerwhichwillbe below thenewlayer.

2. Fromthemenubarselect Insert>Blanklayer (alternativelyyoucanpress<Insert>).Thenewblanklayerisaddedtothecalculation above theexistinglayer.

3. Doubleclickonthelayertoopenitforediting.

6.3 Cutting, copying, pastinganddeletinglayers

Cuttingalayerfromthecalculationremovesthelayer, butkeepsthedetailsontheclip-board. Tocutalayer:

1. Clickonthelayertoselectit.

2. Fromthemenubarselect Edit>Cutlayertoclipboard (alternativelyclickthe Cutbuttononthetoolbarorpress`<Ctrl+X>). Thelayerisremoved.

Copyingalayerinacalculationcopiesthelayertotheclipboardbutkeepstheoriginallayerinplace. Tocopyalayer:


1. Clickonthelayertoselectit.

2. Fromthemenubarselect Edit>Copylayertoclipboard (alternativelyclickthe Copybuttononthetoolbarorpress <Ctrl+C>). Thelayeriscopiedtotheclipboard.

Pastingalayerinsertsthelayercurrentlyintheclipboardintothecalculation. Topastealayer:

1. Clickonthelayerwhichyouwanttobe below thepastedlayer.

2. Select Edit>Pastelayerfromclipboard fromthemenubar(alternativelyclickthePaste buttonon the tool barorpress <Ctrl+V>). The layer is inserted into thecalculation above theselectedlayer.

Todeletealayer:

1. Clickonthelayeryouwishtodelete.

2. Press <Del>.

7 Workingwithmaterials

Thepropertiesoflayersareenteredandeditedinthe EditMaterial dialogue(Figure 7.1).Thedialogueenablesyoutoset:

• thebasiccharacteristicsofthematerial(section 7.1).

• thetypeofmaterial(section 7.2).

• detailsofthermalbridging(section 7.3).

• anyairgapcorrection(section 8.2).

Toeditthepropertiesofalayer:

1. Clickonthelayertoselect.

2. Fromthemenubarselect Edit>Layer (alternatively, doubleclickthelayer, orpress<Enter>). The EditMaterial dialogueopens.

3. Amendthedataforthelayerandclick OK.

7.1 Basiccharacteristics

The Material sectioncontainsthebasicdataaboutthelayer, including:

• Description: thenameofthematerialoradescription, whichappearsinthecal-culation.

• Shortcode: usedwiththedatabasetosortorentermaterials–notingeneraluse.

• Category: notingeneraluse.

• Thickness: crosssectionalthicknessofthelayer, measuredinmm.

• Thermalconductivity: therateofconductionheattransferthrough1mofthema-terial, measuredin W/mK. Sometimesreferredtoasthelambdavalueorkvalue.

28

CHAPTER7. WORKING WITH MATERIALS 29

Figure 7.1: TheEditMaterialdialogue

• Thermalresistance: theresistancetoheattransferprovidedbythelayer, measuredin m2K/W.

• Vapourresistivity: therateoftransferofwatervapourthrough1mofthematerial,measuredin MNs/gm.

• Vapourresistance: theresistancetowatervapourprovidedbythelayer, measuredin MNs/g.

Thefollowingtwovaluesareonlyrequiredfor κ-valuecalculations..

• Density: themasspercubicmetreofthematerial, measuredin kg/m3.

• Specificheatcapacity: theamountofenergyrequiredtoraisethetemperatureofonekilogramofthematerialbyoneKelvin(equivalentto1degreeCelcius). kJ/kg.

7.2 Typesofmaterialsandcavities

Layerswithinbuildingelementshavedifferentcombinationsofproperties: JPA Designerrecognises four typesofmaterial and three typesof cavity. In addition, theprogramdistinguishesbetweenmaterialswhicharethermalinsulationandthosewhicharenot.Therestofthissectiondescribesthetypesoflayerandthedatarequiredforeachone.


7.2.1 Normal

Normalmaterialshavethesamecompositionallthewaythrough, sothethermalresis-tanceofanormallayerisdeterminedbythematerial'sconductivityandthickness. Anormalmaterialrequiresthefollowinginformation:

• Type: select Normal.

• Description : typeadescriptionofthelayer–thiswillappearontheprintout.

• Thickness: enterinmillimetres, mm.

• Thermalconductivity: enterin W/mK.

• Theprogramcalculatesthe Thermalresistance in m2K/W.

• Vapourresistivity: (onlyrequiredifyouwillbecarryingoutcondensationriskanal-ysis)enterin MNs/gm.

• Theprogramcalculatesthe Vapourresistance in MNs/g.

7.2.2 Compositematerials

Forcompositematerials, forexampleinsulation-backedplasterboard, thereisnodirectlinkbetweentheconductivity, thicknessandthermalresistance. Youmustthereforeusethethermalresistanceforthespecificconfigurationofthematerial(thiswillusuallybesuppliedbythemanufactureroftheproduct). A compositematerialrequiresthefollowinginformation:

• Type: select Composite.



• Thermalresistance: enterin m2K/W.

• Vapour resistance: (only required if youwillbecarryingout condensation riskanalysis)enterin MNs/g.

7.2.3 Fixedvapourresistancematerials

Somematerials, suchasglassandmetals, haveveryhighvapourresistances, evenwhenusedinthinlayers. Toenablethevapourresistancetoberepresentedproperlyinthecalculationyoushouldenterthesematerialsas fixedvapourresistance. Thatwillbreakthe linkbetween thevapour resistanceand the thickness, and soprevent thevapourresistancebeingreducedtoanunrealisticallylowlevelbytheminimalthickness.

ForU-valuecalculationsmaterialswithfixedvapourresistancesbehavethesamewayasnormalmaterials: youshouldonlyneedtousematerialwithfixedvapourresistancesincondensationriskcalculations. A fixedvapourresistancematerialrequiresthefollowinginformation:


• Type: select Fixedvapourresistance.



• Thermalconductivity: enterin W/mK.

• Theprogramcalculatesthe Thermalresistance in m2K/W.

• Vapourresistance: enterin MNs/g.

7.2.4 Membranes

Membranes, suchasvapourcontrollayersorvapouropenroofingunderlays, aretreatedashavingnothermalresistance. TheythereforehavenoeffectonU-valuecalculations,onlyaffectingcondensationriskanalysis. Membranesrequirethefollowinginformation:

• Type: select Membrane.


• Vapourresistance: enterin MNs/g.

7.2.5 Clearcavities

Thethermalresistanceofacavityisnotcalculatedfromitsthickness, althoughitisaf-fectedbythedirectionofheatflowwithintheconstruction. Standardvaluesforcavitiesmaybe found in the ProductsDatabase and inpublicationssuchasBS 5250. Clearcavities, suchasthoseincavitywalls, requirethefollowinginformation.

• Type: select Clearcavity.




• Vapourresistance: cavitieshaveavapourresistanceof 0.00MNs/g.

7.2.6 Bridgedcavities

Bridgedcavities, suchasthoseinsometimberframedconstructions, aretreatedthesameasclearcavities, butwithbridgingdetailsadded(section 7.3). Bridgedcavitiesrequirethefollowinginformation.

• Type: select Bridgedcavity.





Youwillalsoneedtoenterthebridgingdetails(section 7.3).


7.2.7 Ventedcavities

Ventedcavities, suchasthebattenspaceinawarmpitchedroof, aretreatedthesameasclearcavities. Identifyingacavityasventedallowssomelayersoftheconstructiontobeignoredforcondensationriskanalysis(forfurtherinformationsee chapter 13). Ventedcavitiesrequirethefollowinginformation:

• Type: select Ventedcavity.





7.2.8 Lowemissivitycavities

A cavitywhichhasoneormorefaceslinedwithamaterialwithlowsurfaceemissivity(suchasametalfoil, ormetalisedmembrane)willhavealowerrateofheattransferbyradiationthanacavitywithconventional, highemissivityfaces. Includingsucha`lowemissivitycavity'withinaconstructionwillreducetheoverallrateofheatlossthroughtheconstruction, insomecasesbyasmuchas10%.

Thereareseveraltypesofmaterialwithlowemissivitysurfaces:

• insulationboardswithreflectivesurfaces, suchpolyisocyanurateboards;

• plasticfilmswithaluminiumfoilfacing;

• membraneswithmetalisedfaces;

• `multi-foil'insulants.

Tobeeffective, eachlowemissivitysurfacemustfaceacavity, atleast25mmwide.

AlthoughtheU-valuecalculationmethodsimplementedinJPA Designercannotdirectlyassesstheeffectofreducingradiationheatloss, itispossibletoaccountfortheeffectofsuchmaterialsbyadjustingthethermalresistanceofacavitywhichhasalowemissivitymaterialtooneormorefaces.

Thethermalresistancevalueforalowemissivitycavitymustbeobtainedbyavalidtestmethod, whichconsidersonly theeffectof thematerialupon theoverall conductionheatlossesthroughanelement. Valuesshouldhavethirdpartycertification, suchasinBBA Agrémentcertificates. Ifyouarenotsuppliedwithcertifiedvalues, usethedefaultvalue fora lowemissivitycavityof 0.44m2K/W forwalls, 0.34m2K/W for roofsand0.50m2K/W forfloors(seeBR 443paragraph4.8.2)


7.2.9 Thermalinsulation

InordertocomplywiththerequirementsofEuropeanproductstandardsforfactorymanu-facturedthermalinsulation(standardsBS EN 13162toBS EN 13172)JPA Designerroundsthethermalresistancevaluesforthermalinsulationdowntothenearest 0.05m2K/W. Toensuretheprogramdoesthiscorrectlyyoumusttickthe isthermalinsulation boxforalllayersoffactorymanufacturedthermalinsulation. Theoriginalvalueforthermalresis-tancewillappearinthe Editmaterial dialoguewhilethe U-value windowwillshowtheroundedvalue. Foradditionalinformationontheroundingfeatureandinstructionsonhowtoturnitonoroffsee chapter 13.

7.3 Thermalbridging

Thermalbridgesareformedwherethematerialinalayerisinterruptedbyasecondma-terialwithdifferentthermalconductivity, forexample, theinsulationinatimberframedwallisinterrupted(bridged)bythetimberstuds. Inmostcasesthermalbridgingincreasesheatlossthroughthebridgedlayer(hencethecommonlyusedterm`coldbridge'). Theeffectof thermalbridgeswhichoccur regularly throughouta layer (repeating thermalbridges)hastobeincludedinU-valuecalculationsbyaddedthedetailsofthethermalbridgetoeachbridgedlayerusingthe Editmaterial dialogue.

Thermalbridgingiseither:

• one-dimensionale.g.timbersrunninginonedirection; or,

• two-dimensionale.g.mortarjointswhichrunverticallyandvertically.

Theinformationrequiredforsettingthermalbridgingincludes:

• Thethermalconductivityof thebridgingmaterial: forcommonbridgematerialsthiscanbesetalongwiththe Bridgedescription.

• Thewidthofthebridgingmaterial(Bridgewidth)andhorizontaldistancebetweenbridges(Non-bridgewidth). Fortwo-dimensionalbridgingyouwillalsoneedtoknow theverticaldistancesbetweenbridges (Non-bridgeheight). The softwareusesthosevaluestodeterminethe Proportionbridged.

However, forsomeconstructionsyouwillthenneedtoadjustthe Proportionbridgedtoallowforadditionalbridgingmaterialsuchascrossnogginsandotherframingintimberframedwalls. YoucanfindrecommendedstandardproportionsintheBREpublicationBR 443 ConventionsforU-valuecalculations.

• Thethicknessofthebridgingmaterial. Inmostcasesthebridgethicknesswillbethesameasthatofthemainmaterialofthelayer.

Toenterthermalbridgingdetails:


1. Usethe Bridgetype radiobuttonstodeterminewhetherthebridgingis 1dimen-sional or 2dimensional. The Editmaterial dialoguenowshowsthe Thermalbridgesection.

Ifyouarenotsurewhetherthebridgingisoneortwodimensionalclickingthe Helpbuttonwillopenaguidancewindow: theannotationonthehelpdiagramsmatchthoseonthedataentryboxes.

2. Selectthebridgingmaterialfromthe Bridgedescription drop-down. Theprogramsetsthe Bridgethermalconductivity.

Ifyouareusinganunusualbridgingmaterialyoucanenteryourowndescription,thenentertheconductivitymanually.

3. Enterthe Bridgewidth inmm.

4. Enterthe Non-bridgewidth inmm.

5. Fortwo-dimensionalbridgingenterthe Non-bridgeheight inmm.

6. Ifnecessary, changethe Proportionbridged valuetoastandardvalue. Thesoftwareadjuststhe Bridgewidth accordingly.

7. Setthebridgethicknessbyselecting Followsmaterialthickness, orselecting Fixedat thenenteringthicknessinmm.

Insomeconstructions–notablybuiltupmetalroofandwallcladding–therearetwosetsofthermalbridges. Toenterdetailsofasecondbridge:

1. Enterthedetailsforthefirstbridge.

2. Clickthe Secondbridge box. The Optionalsecondbridge sectionisdisplayed.

3. Selectthebridgingmaterialfromthe Bridgedescription drop-down. Theprogramsetsthe Bridgethermalconductivity.

Ifyouareusinganunusualbridgingmaterialyoucanenteryourowndescription,thenentertheconductivitymanually.

4. Enterthe Bridgewidth inmm. Thesoftwareusesthe Non-bridgewidth forthefirstbridgetocalculatethe Proportionbridged.

Non-bridgewidth=centre-to-centredistance-(bridge1+bridge2).

5. Whenthebridgingmaterialisairyoucanusethe Smallairspaceresistance buttontocalculatethethermalresistanceofthebridge: enterthethicknessoftheairspaceanditswidth–bothinmm–thenclickOK.Theresistanceisdisplayedinthe Bridgethermalresistance box.

8 Correctionfactors

Whilst theU-valueofanelementdepends largelyupon the thermalpropertiesof thelayersofwhichitiscomposedthereareanumberofotherfactorswhichcanaffecttherateofheatloss. Thoseareaddressedbyapplyingcorrectionfactorstothecalculation.

Therearecorrectionfactorsfor:

• Mechanicalfastenerswhichpenetrateinsulation, dUf(section 8.1);

• Airgapsininsulationlayers, dUg(section 8.2).

• Theeffectofrainwatercoolingoninvertedroofs, dUr(section 8.3;

• Bracketsinrainscreencladdingsystems(section 8.4).

• Insulationcompressioninbuiltupmetalroofingandcladding, dUp(section 9.2).

Thecorrectionfactorsarecalculatedseparatelyfromthermalresistancesofthelayers,andarethenaddedtotherawU-value: however, ifthecorrectionfactorstotallessthan3%oftherawU-valuethentheyareignoredincalculatingfinalU-value. ThevaluesforcorrectionfactorsaredisplayedinthemainU-valuewindow, nexttothefinalU-value.

ItisalsopossibletoadjusttheresultofaU-valuecalculationtoaccountfortheeffectofhavinganunheatedspacetothecoldsideoftheconstruction(section 8.5).

8.1 Mechanicalfasteners

Metalfastenerswhichpenetratelayersofthermalinsulationreducetheeffectivenessoftheinsulation: thateffecthastobeincludedinU-valuecalculations, usingthecorrectionfactordUf1. Commonconstructionswhichrequirethecorrectionare:

• Cavitywallswithpartialorfull-fillcavityinsulation.

• Warmpitchedroofswhereinsulationislaidovertheraftersandrestrainedbycoun-terbattensfixedbacktotherafters.

1Notethatthecalculationmethodformechanicalfastenershaschangedfromversion4.04b1build025onwards, andnowusesthemethodinBS EN ISO 6946:2007.

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CHAPTER8. CORRECTION FACTORS 36

Figure 8.1: Dataentryboxesforthemechanicalfastenerscorrection

• Warmflatroofswheretheinsulationand/orthewaterproofmembraneismechan-icallyfixedtothedeck.

Thereisnoneedtoapplyacorrection:

• toconstructionswithoutfasteners, e.g.solidmasonrywalls;

• forfastenerswithbothendsincontactwithmetalsheets;

• forwalltiesacrossanemptycavity;

• forwalltiesbetweenamasonryleafandtimberstuds;

• where the thermalconductivityof the fastener, orpartof it, is less than1W/mK(suchasplasticties).

ThecorrectionfactordUfiscalculatedfrom:

• Thethermalresistanceofthebridgedlayerandtheelementitself.

• The alphacoefficient whichis0.8forthestandardcaseofanon-recessedfastener.

Alphacanbeadjustedforrecessedfastenersorfastenerswhichpenetratetheinsu-lationatanangle: SeeISO 6946:2007sectionD.3.2.

• The thermalconductivityofthefastener: typically 17W/mK forstainlesssteeland60W/mK formildsteel.

• The numberoffastenerspersquaremetre.

• The crosssectionalareaofthefastener: typicaldoubletriangletieshaveacrosssectionalareaof 11.3mm2 (basedon3.8mmdiameter).

Toenterdataformechanicalfasteners:


2. Usethedrop-downtoselectthe Layerbridgedbymechanicalfasteners.

3. In the Correction formechanical fasteners sectioneitheruse thedrop-down toselectoneofthestandardfastenertypesorentertheindividualitemsofdataforthefasteners.

Toviewthedefaultvaluesclickthe Help button.

4. Wherethefastenerisrecessed, enterthelengthofthefastenerthatpenetratestheinsulationlayer, inmm.


Figure 8.2: Correctingforairgapsininsulationlayers

8.2 Airgapcorrection

Airmovement throughandaroundan insulation layerwill reduce its thermalperfor-mance. TheeffectofthatreductionisincludedintheU-valuecalculationbyacorrectionfactor, dUg, whichisderivedfromtherelativethermalresistancesoftheinsulationlayerandtheconstructionasawhole, andfromacoefficientdU'',whichrepresentsthesizeofgapsintheinsulationlayer. ValuesfordU''

• Wherenoairgapspenetratetheinsulationlayerandnoaircirculationispossibleonitswarmside, dU'' = 0.00W/m2K.

• Wheresomeairgapspenetratetheinsulationlayerandnoaircirculationispossibleonitswarmside, dU'' = 0.01W/m2K.

• Wheresomeairgapspenetratetheinsulationlayerandsomeaircirculationispos-sibleonitswarmside, dU'' = 0.04W/m2K.

A valuefordU'' mustbesetfor every insulationlayer.

Tocorrectforairgaps:

1. InthemainU-valuewindowdoubleclickontheinsulationlayer. The Editmaterialdialogueopens.

2. EntertheappropriatevaluefordU'' inthe dU'' box(see Figure 8.2). thenclickOK.

ClicktheHelp buttontoviewthestandardvaluesfordU''.Inmanycasesthedefaultvalueofzeroisappropriate.

8.3 Rainwatercooling

Invertedroofs–orprotectedmembraneroofs–havesomeorallofthethermalinsulationinstalledover thetopof thewaterproofmembranewhereit isrestrainedbyaggregateorotherballast. Rainwater fallingoninvertedroofscanpercolatebetweeninsulationboardstothewaterproofingmembrane, whereitwillincreasetherateofheatloss. ThereductioninperformanceisrepresentedwithinaU-valuecalculationbytherainwatercoolingcorrectionfactor, dUr, whichiscalculatedfrom:

• Theaveragerateofrainfallduringtheheatingseason, p (mm/day);

• A drainagefactor, f, whichrepresentsthefractionof p whichreachesthewater-proofingmembrane;


Figure 8.3: Dataforrainscreencladdingcorrection

• A factorforincreasedheatlosscausedbyrainwaterflowingonthemembrane, x(Wday/m2Kmm).

InJPA Designerthatdataisenteredusingthe U-valueConstruction dialogue. Asyouhave to indicatewhich layer isaffectedby the rainwatercooling it isbest toadd thecorrectionfactor after youhavedefinedthelayersintheconstruction.Toenterrainwatercoolingdata:

1. Fromthemenubarselect Edit>ConstructionType.

2. Inthe Elementtype sectionselect Flatroof.

3. Tickthe Invertedroof box. Newdataentryboxesappear.

4. Inthe Externalinsulationlayers boxtickthelayer(s) isaffectedbytherainwatercooling.

WherealowU-valueisrequiredtheremaybemorethanoneinsulationlayeraf-fected.

5. Entervaluesfor f.x and p. Click OK.

Ifyoudonothaveproject-specificvaluesyoucanusethedefaultvaluesforf.xandp.

8.4 RainscreencladdingWhencalculatingU-valuesforwallswhichincluderainscreencladdingtheresultshavetobeadjustedtoaccountfortheeffectofanymetalfixingswhichpenetratetheinsulation.JPA Designercancorrectfortheeffectofpointfixings, usingmethod(c)insection4.9.5ofBR 443 ConventionsforU-valuecalculations.Thecalculationrequiresthepointthermaltransmittanceofthefixing, x, andthenumberoffixingspersquaremetre, n. As x dependsonthetypeoffixingyoumustgetthecorrectvalue from thefixingmanufacturer. Thedata is entered in the U-valueConstructiondialogue.Tocorrectforbracketsinrainscreencladding:

1. Fromthemenubarselect Edit>ConstructionType. The U-valueConstruction dia-logueopens.

2. Inthe Elementtype sectionselect Wall.

3. Tickthe Rainscreencladding box. Newdataentryboxesappear(see Figure 8.3).

4. Entervaluesfor x and n. Click OK.

Ifyoudonothaveproject-specificvaluesyoucancarryoutaninitialcalculationusingthedefaultvaluesforxandn.


Figure 8.4: Dataentryforelementsseparatingheatedandunheatedspaces

8.5 Elementsseparatingheatedandunheatedspaces

Therateofheatlossthroughanelementwhichseparatesaheatedspacefromanunheatedspacewillbelowerthanthatthroughanidenticalelementwhichseparatesaheatedspacefromoutside, astherelativelywarmairwithinanunheatedspaceactsasathermalbuffer.

ThecombinedmethodforcalculatingU-valuesallowsforthiseffectusingtheratioof:

• thesurfaceareasoftheelementswhichseparatetheheatedspacefromtheunheatedspace, Ai, to,

• thesurfaceareasoftheelementswhichseparatetheunheatedspacefromoutside,Ae.

Whenmeasuring Ai and Ae, youshouldincludewallsandintermediatefloors(suchasthatoveranintegralgarage)butexcludegroundfloors. Ai and Ae aremeasuredin m2.

Toallowforunheatedspaces:


2. Enterthetwoareasinthe Ai and Ae boxes(see Figure 8.4).

3. Click OK.

9 Complexcalculations

9.1 Lightsteelframedstructure

Therearethreedifferentformsoflightsteel-framedstructures:

• Warm frameconstructions: alltheinsulationisoutsidethesteelframing.

• Hybrid constructions: some insulation is fittedbetween the steel studs andad-ditionalinsulationplacedontheoutsideofthestudstoreducethermalbridgingthroughthesteel.

• Cold frameconstructions: alloftheinsulationisincludedwithinthethicknessofthesteelcomponentsandisbridgedbyit.

Thehighthermalconductivityofsteelmeansthecombinedmethodmustbemodifiedforelementswheresomeoralloftheinsulationisbridgedbylightsteelframing. JPADesignerusesthemodifiedcalculationmethodwhichwaspublishedinBRE Digest465.U-valuesforlightsteel-frameconstruction.

TheprocedureforcalculatingtheU-valueofalightsteel-framedelementusingJPA De-signeristhesameasforanyotherelement, butwiththefollowingmodifications:

Figure 9.1: Settingthetypeanddetailsoflightsteelframeconstruction

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CHAPTER9. COMPLEX CALCULATIONS 41

Figure 9.2: Built-upmetalwallorroofcladding

1. Identifytheelementaslightsteel-framedandentertheframingdetails(Figure 9.1.

IntheUvalueConstruction dialogueusethelightsteel-frameradiobuttonstodefineisas warm or cold/hybrid.

Ifyouselect Cold/Hybrid enterthe studspacing, studdepth and flangewidth. Usetheoffereddefaultvaluesifyoudonotknowthestuddepthandspacing.

2. Enterthelayersoftheconstructioninthemain Uvalue window.

For cold/hybrid elementssomeofthelayerswillbebridged(section 7.3)forguid-anceonenteringbridgedlayers):

In warm elementstheairspacebetweenthestudsshouldbeenteredasabridgedcavity, withsteelasthebridgingmaterial.

In cold/hybrid elementstheinsulationlayerwillbebridgedbysteel.

Anyairspacebehindtheinsulationandbetweenthestudsshouldbeenteredasabridgedcavity.

Donotincludetheflangesofthesteelstudswhenenteringbridgingdetails.

3. Entercorrectionsforanymechanicalfastenerswhichpenetratetheinsulationbycompleting the Correctionformechanical fasteners section in the UvalueCon-struction dialogue(section 8.1).

Usethefirstdropboxtoindicatewhichlayerisbridgedbythemechanicalfasteners,thenenterthefasteners'dimensionsandspacing. The alphacoefficient is0.8forwarmconstructionsand1.6forcold/hybridconstructions.

9.2 Twinskinmetalcladdingandroofing

Theextentofthethermalbridgingintwin-skinmetalroofingandcladdingsystemsformedwithrailsandbracketsmeansthecombinedmethodhastobemodified. JPA DesignerusesthemethoddescribedintheSteelConstructionInstituteresearchpaperSCI P312:thatmethodtakesaccountof:

• Thebridgingeffectsoftherailandtheairspacesaroundtherail.

• Thepointbridgingproducedbythebrackets.


• Thecompressionof the insulationbya shallow-profiled liner (profiledepth lessthan25mm).

TocalculateU-valuesfortwin-skinmetalroofingandcladding:

1. CreateandopenanewU-valuecalculation.

2. Enteranyprojectinformation.

3. Inthe U-valueConstruction dialogueselecteither wall or flatroof. DonotticktheBuiltupmetalroof/wall boxatthisstage. Click OK.

4. EnterthelayersintheconstructioninthemainU-valuewindow. Entertheinsulationin twolayers: thefirstlayerbeingtheinsulationwhichisbridgedbytherailsandthesecondthatwhichispenetratedonlybythebrackets.

Forexample, a170mmlayerofinsulationinaconstructionwith40mmdeeprailsshouldbedividedintoonelayer40mmthickandonelayer130mmthick. Youwillfindlaterpartsofthecalculationeasierifyougivethetwolayersdistinctivenames.

5. Enterthebridgingdetailsforthelayerofinsulationbridgedbytherails(section 7.3fordetails). Inthe EditMaterials dialogueselect onedimensionalbridging toshowthethermalbridgingdetails. Enterthedetailsoftherails: bridgematerial–steelstuds, bridgewidth, non-bridgewidth. Thesoftwaresetsthebridgethermalcon-ductivity. Theprogramwillshowtheproportionbridgedandthethermalresistanceofthebridge.

For`L' shapedsectionsthe bridgewidth willusuallybethethicknessofthesteel,butfor`C' and`U' sections, wheretherailpenetratestheinsulationlayertwice, usedoublethethicknessofthesteelasthebridgewidth.

6. Enterthebridgedetailsfortheairspacescausedbytherail. Tickthe Secondbridgebox. The Optionalsecondbridge sectionisdisplayed.

7. Enterthe bridgematerial (air)and bridgewidth (inmm): usetwicetherailwidthtoallowforthecompressionoftheinsulationaroundtherails.

Theprogramcalculatestheproportionbridgedusingthedatafromthefirstbridge,sothenon-bridgedwidth=(Centre-to-centredistanceofrails)-(bridgethickness1+bridgethickness2).

8. Tocalculate the thermal resistanceof theair spaceclick the Smallairspace re-sistance button. The SmallAirspaceResistanceCalculator dialogueopens (Fig-ure 9.3).

9. Enterthe thickness and width oftheairspace. Thethicknesswillbethesameastheraildepth. Thewidthshouldbetwicetherailthickness. Click OK toclosethedialoguetransfertheresultstothebridgingcalculation.

10. Entertheairgapcorrection, dU'',for both insulationlayers(section 8.2): usethevalue0.01. Click OK.

11. Fromthemenubarselect Edit>ConstructionType. The UvalueConstruction dia-logueopens.


Figure 9.3: TheSmallAirspaceResistanceCalculator

12. Tickthe Builtupmetalroof/wall box. Thedialoguenowdisplaysthe Built-upmetalroof/wallcladding section.

13. Enterthe Railspacing and Railwidth (Figure 9.2). Usethedrop-downtoindicatewhichlayerisbridgedbytheraillinerdetails.

14. Ifthelinerprofilecompressestheinsulationandthedepthoftheprofileis25mmorlesstickthebox Insulationiscompressedbyinneroroutersheet. Fournewdataboxesappear.

15. Enterthe Sheetprofilewidth, Sheetprofiledepth and Sheetprofilecentres inmm.Inthedropboxselectthelayerofinsulationwhichis not bridgedbytherails.

If the liner profile is deeper than25mm ignore the checkbox and change thethicknessoftheinsulationlayerbysubtractingtheprofiledepthfromtheoriginalthickness(e.g.fora30mmprofilewith130mmactualdepthofinsulationuseavalueof130–30=100mm).

16. Enterthedetailsforthebracketsinthe Correctionformechanicalfasteners section.Enterthe thermalconductivityofthebrackets (usually 60.00W/mK formildsteel),the numberofbracketspersquaremetre (calculatedbydividingthetotalnumberofbracketsbythetotalelementarea)andthe crosssectionalareaofthebrackets(measuredatthethickestpoint). Thevalueof alpha, 1.6, isthedefaultsettingfortheseconstructions. Finally, usethedrop-downtoselectthelayerwhichisbridgedbythebrackets. Click OK.

9.3 Invertedroofs

Ininvertedroofs(oftenknownasprotectedmembraneroofs)someorallofthethermalinsulation is applied above thewaterproofmembrane and restrainedby aggregateorotherballast. Rainwaterfallingontheroofcanpercolatetothewaterproofingmembraneandincreasetherateofheatloss. Toallowforthiseffectarainwatercoolingcorrectionfactor, dUr, hastobeappliedtoinvertedroofcalculations(therainwatercoolingfactorisdescribedin section 8.3). Becauseyouhavetoindicatethelayerorlayersaffectedbythe


Figure 9.4: Inputtingdataforrainwatercorrection

rainwatercoolingitisbesttoaddthecorrectionfactor after youhavedefinedthelayersintheconstruction.Toenteraninvertedroof:

1. Fromthefilemenuselect Edit>Constructiontype. The U-valueConstruction dia-logueopens.

2. In Elementtype select Flatroof. Insertan Elementdescription thenclick OK.

3. Addthelayersoftheconstruction(chapter 6).

4. Openthe U-valueconstruction dialogueagainandin ElementType tickthe In-verted box. Thedialogueshowsthreedataboxes(Figure 9.4).

5. Enterthevaluesfor f.x and p andintheboxselectthelayersofinsulationabovethewaterproofmembrane. Click OK.

9.4 Usingvariablelayers

ThevariablelayerfeatureofJPA Designerhelpsyouassesstheeffectofusingdifferentmaterialsinthesameplacewithinanelement; forexample, byusingavariablelayeryoucouldcomparetheeffectofdifferentinsulantsontheU-valueofacavitywall.A calculationwithavariable layerhasaplace-holder layer in themainwindow, andhastheadditional Variablelayer panewhichacceptsanumberofdifferentlayers. EachofthoselayersshowstheresultsoftheU-valuecalculation asif thatlayerreplacedtheplace-holderlayerinthemaincalculation.Touseavariablelayer:

1. InthemainU-valuewindowclickthelayer below thepositionforthevariablelayer.

2. Fromthemenubarselect Insert>Variablelayer. Theprograminsertsavariablelayerinthecalculationanddisplaysthe Variablelayer pane(see Figure 9.5).

3. Selecttheblanklayerinthevariablelayerpaneandaddlayersfromthedatabase,orbyaddandeditblanklayers.

Whenusingthedatabase, youmustbeensurethecontentsofvariablelayerpaneareshowinginthe Construction boxofthe ProductsDatabase dialogue.

TheU-valuesfortheconstructionswiththevariablelayerareshownalongsidethevari-ablelayermaterials: noU-valueappearsinthestatusbar. Youcanonlyhaveonevariablelayerinacalculation.


Figure 9.5: U-valuecalculationwithavariablelayer

9.5 Taperedlayers

Taperedinsulationlayersarecommonlyfoundonflatroofs, where`cut-to-falls'insulationisbeingusedtocreatedrainagefallsonanotherwiseflatdeck. Asthethicknessoftheinsulationvariesacrosstheroofaspecialmethodisrequiredtocalculatearepresentativethermalresistanceforthatlayer.

JPA Designeruses themethod inAnnexC ofBS EN ISO 6946:2007todeterminetheresistanceoftaperedinsulationlayers. Thatmethodtreatsthetaperedinsulationlayerintwoparts: firsttheminimumthicknessofthelayerwhichislaidacrossthewholeroof,thentherestoftheinsulationwhichistreatedasaseriesofblocks, withdifferentshapes.Therearethreetypesofblock:

• blockswithrectangularplan, whichhavetheirgreatestthickness, t, ononeside,andslopedownfromthatsidetotheother;

• blockswithtriangularplanwhichhavetheirthickestpart, t, attheonecornerandslopedowntozeroattheothercorners;

• blockswithtriangularplanwhichhavetheirthickestpart, t, alongoneside, andslopefromtheredowntotheothercorner.

Dependingonitssizearoofmayhaveseveralblocksofeachtype, eachwithdifferentareasand, insomecases, differentmaximumthicknesses.


Tapered insulation is entered in JPA Designerusing the TaperedAreas dialogue (Fig-ure 9.7). Thedialoguerequiresthreeitemsofgeneralinformation:

• a description ofthelayer: youcanusethenameortypeofinsulation.

• the minimumtaperedlayerthickness: thatis, theminimumdepthoftheinsulationlayerwhichiscontinuousacrossallpartsoftheroof, measuredinmm.

• theconductivityoftheinsulation, lambda: thisisenteredin W/mK.

Thedataonthedifferentroofblocksisenteredinthethreetables, witheachblockhavingitsownentry, intheappropriatesection, withthefollowingdata:

• surfacearea, m2;

• taperthickness, t, inmm.

Figure 9.6 showsaroofwithtaperedinsulationlaidwithfallstowardstheperimeter. TocalculatetheU-valuethetaperedlayershouldbedividedintoeightblocks, withtwo(aande)beingrectanglesslopingfromthecentrelinetotheperimeterandtheremainderbeing triangles, ineachcasesloping fromthehighestcornerat thecentre line to thelowestsideat theperimeter(b, c, d, f, gandh). Figure 9.7 showsthoseeightblocksenteredonthe Taperedareas dialogue.

ToenterataperedlayerinanexistingU-valuecalculation:

1. Dividetheroofintoblocksandcalculatetheminimumthickness, blockareasandtaperthicknesses.

2. Fromthemenubar, select Insert>Taperedlayer.

3. Enterthedatafortheminimumthicknessandtheconductivityoftheinsulation.

4. Enterthedataforeachblockinturn, makingsureeachblockgoesintotheappro-priatetable.

Youcanusethe Totalarea figureatthebottomrightofthedialoguetocheckyouhaveenteredallthesectionsoftheroof.


Figure 9.6: A typicalroofwithtaperedinsulation


Figure 9.7: TheTaperedareasdialogue

10 GroundfloorU-values

Asthecombinedmethoddealswithheatlossfromairtoair, throughanelement, ithastobemodifiedforgroundfloorstoincludethethermalresistanceofthegrounditself. JPADesignercalculatesU-valuesforgroundfloorsusingthemethodissetoutinISO 133701.

ThissectiondescribesthegeneralprocedureforcalculatingthegroundfloorU-value,whilstthefollowingsectionsdescribetheindividualpartsofthecalculation.

TocalculateagroundfloorU-value:

1. CreateanewU-valuecalculationinthe ProjectManager windowandopenitforediting(section 3.5).

2. Enteranyprojectinformationinthe ProjectInformation dialogue.

3. IntheU-valueConstructiondialogueselect Solidgroundfloor or Suspendedgroundfloor, enteradescriptionfor theconstruction, thenclick OK.The GroundFloorDetails dialogueopens.

4. Enterthedatafortheground(section 10.1). Click OK.

5. Addtheremaininglayersofthefloorconstruction.

Includelayerstorepresent:

• Screed;

• Insulation;

• Flooring, suchasparticleboard.

Omitanylayerswhichconsistof:

• Hardcorebeneathagroundbearingslab.

• Groundbearingconcreteslabswithdensitygreaterthan 1800 kg/m3.

• Thinfloorcoveringssuchasvinylorcarpet.

ForfurtherguidancerefertotheBR 443 ConventionsforU-valuecalculations.

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CHAPTER10. GROUND FLOOR U-VALUES 50

Figure 10.1: TheGroundFloorDetailsDialogue

10.1 Groundfloordetails

The GroundFloorDetails dialoguecontainsthedatawhichdescribesthegroundandthefloorstructure(Figure 10.1).

Ithasfivesections:

• Floortype. Thechoiceoffloortypewilldeterminehowotherpartsofthedialogueappear.

• Floordimensions.

• Deck.

• Suspendedgroundfloordetails.

• Edgeinsulation.

10.1.1 Floortype

Therearethreetypesofgroundfloor:1DonotusethismethodtocalculateU-valuesoffloorsoveropenorunheatedspacessuchascarparks

orgarages; insteadselectfloorsotherthangroundfloorsintheConstructiondialogueboxandproceedasusual.


• Solid: afloorwhichbearsdirectlyonthegroundwithnovoidbetweenthefloorstructureandtheground, forexample, aground-bearingconcreteslab;

• Suspendedblockandbeam: withavoidbetweenthefloordeckandtheground,withthedeckformedfrompre-castconcretebeamsinfilledwithconcreteblocksorproprietaryinsulatingunits;

• Suspended: afloorwithavoidbetweenthefloorstructureandtheground, withatimberdecksupportedontimberjoists.

Usethe FloorType radiobuttonstoselectthetypeoffloorconstruction.

10.1.2 Floordimensions

Thethermalresistanceofthegroundisdeterminedfromtheratioofthefloor'sperimeterandarea. Theperimeterlength(expressedinmetres)ismeasuredalongthefinishedin-ternalsurfacesofexposedandsemiexposedwalls. Thearea(expressedinsquaremetres,m2)ismeasuredbetweenthefinishedinternalwallsurfaces. Unheatedspacesoutsidetheinsulatedfabricshouldbeexcludedwhencalculatingtheperimeterandarea.IfyouarecalculatingthegroundfloorU-valueforflatsinablockorforahouseinaterraceyoucanusetheperimeterandareaforthewholeblockorterraceinsteadofthedimensionsoftheindividualoccupancies.ToentertheFloordimensions:

• IfyouhavecalculatedthePerimeter/Arearatioyoucanenteritdirectlyinthe P/Abox.

• Alternatively, tickthe Calculateit boxandenterthevaluesinthe Perimeter andArea boxesforyoutofillin.

10.1.3 Deck

ThedatarequiredforthissectiondependsuponthetypeofconstructionspecifiedintheFloorType sectionofthe GroundFloorDetails dialogue.

• Solidfloor: nodeckdatarequired.

• Suspendedblockandbeamfloor: theprogramoffersadefaultthermalresistanceforthedeckof 0.2m2K/W. Alternatively, theprogramcanalsocalculatetheresistanceusingthespecificdetailsforyourfloorifyoutickthe Calculate box(Figure 10.2)theninputdatafor:

• Theblocks: Width, Thickness and Conductivity.

• Thebeams: Webwidth and Beamconductivity.

• Thescreed: Screeddepth and Screedconductivity.

• Suspendedfloor: theprogramoffersadefault thermalresistancefor thedeckof0.2m2K/W forthedeck. Thisrepresentsa18mmsoftwooddeck. Insulationbe-tweenjoistsshouldbeenteredasaseparatelayer, bridgedbytimberinonedimen-sion, (section 7.3).


Figure 10.2: Calculatingtheresistanceofabeamandblockdeck

10.1.4 Suspendedgroundfloordetails

Inasuspendedgroundfloor, whetherbeamandblockortimber, therewillbesomeheatlossthroughthewallsofthesub-floorvoid, bothbyconductionandalsobyairmovement.JPA Designercalculatesthatheatlossusingthedatain SuspendedGroundFloorDetailssectionofthe GroundFloorDetails dialogue. Thevaluesrequiredare:

• E -theareaofventilationopeningsperperimeterlengthofunderfloorspace, inm2/m;

• H -theheightoftheuppersurfaceoftheflooraboveexternalgroundlevel, inm;

• Uw -theUvalueofthewallsoftheunderfloorspaceabovegroundlevel, calculatedaccordingtoBS EN ISO 6946, in W/m2K (youcandothisasaseparatecalculationusingJPA Designer);

• Fw -thewindshieldfactor, see Table 10.1.

• V -theaveragewindspeedat 10m abovegroundlevel, in m/s

• Lambda -theconductivityfactorforthetypeofground: use1.5forclayorsilt, 2.0forsandorgraveland3.5forhomogeneousrock.

Wheresomeorallofthesedetailsareunknownyoushouldusethedefaultvalues. Ifyoueditthevaluesthenwantreverttousingthedefaultsclickthe Default button.


Table 10.1: Windshieldfactor

Location Example Fw

Sheltered Citycentre 0.02Average Suburban 0.05Exposed Rural 0.10

10.1.5 Edgeinsulation

Installinginsulationhorizontallyaroundtheperimeterof thefloor–edgeinsulation–will reduce thermalbridgingat theperimeterand improve thefloor'soverall thermalperformance. Edgeinsulationcanbe:

• Horizontal: insulationinstalledaroundtheperimeterofthefloorinthesameplaneasthefloor2.

• Vertical: insulationinstalledattheperimeterofthefloor, atrightanglestotheplaneofthefloor.

Usetheradiobuttonstoselectthetypeofedgeinsulationpresent, thenenterthedetailsoftheinsulation(ifthereisnoedgeinsulationleavetherestofthissectionblank).

• Internal and externalsurfaceresistances usethedefaultvaluesof 0.140m2K/Wand 0.040m2K/W.

• Insulationthickness: boardthickness, inmm.

• Insulationconductivity: thelambdavalue, in W/mK.

• Insulationname.

• Insulationwidth or depth (dependinguponwhethertheinsulationislaidhorizon-tallyorvertically): theboardwidth, inmm.

• Description: optionaldescriptionoftheinsulation.

Youcanalsousethe ProductsDatabase toenterdetailsoftheinsulationbyclickingonthebuttonbythe Insulationname box.

FurtherinformationonedgeinsulationmaybefoundinBRE InformationPaper7/93.

2Horizontaledgeinsulationwascommonlyusedtoreducethermalbridgingandcoldspotsonlargerfloorswhichdidnotrequireacompletelayerofthermalinsulation. However, thelowerU-valuesnowrequiredbyBuildingRegulationsusuallyrequireafulllayerofinsulation, makingtheuseofhorizontaledgeinsulationunlikely.

11 BasementU-values

Themethods forcalculatingU-valuesofbasementsare setout inBS EN ISO 13370.Thecalculationsforbasementfloorsandwallsarelinked, witheachcalculationrequir-ingdataabouttheotherelement. BecauseofthisitiseasiertocalculatethebasementfloorU-valuefirst, followedbythebasementwallU-value. ForafullexplanationofthecalculationmethodsconsultBS EN ISO 13370.

11.1 Basementfloors

TocompleteabasementfloorU-valuecalculationyouwillneedtoknow:

• Thefloor'sPerimeter/Arearatio: P/A;

• Thethicknessofthebasementwalls: w (metres);

• Theaveragedepthfromtheexternalgroundsurfacetothebasementfloor: h (me-tres);

• Thethermalconductivityoftheground: lambda, λ, (W/mK)(see Table 11.1 andannexG ofBS EN ISO 13370).

TocalculateabasementfloorU-value:

1. CreateanewU-valuecalculationinthe ProjectManager windowandopenitforediting.

Figure 11.1: Enteringdataforbasementfloors

54

CHAPTER11. BASEMENT U-VALUES 55

2. IntheU-valueConstructiondialogue setthe ElementType to BasementFloor, enteran Elementdescription thenclick OK.The GroundFloorDetails dialogueopens(Figure 11.1).

3. EnterthePerimeter/Arearatio, P/A,orchecktheboxlabelled`calculateit'andenterthe Perimeter and Area separately.

4. Enterthewallthickness, w, thebasementdepth, h, andthethermalconductivityoftheground, lambda. Click OK.

5. Enterthelayerswhichmakeupthefloorconstruction.

Includelayerstorepresent:

• Screed;

• Insulation;

• Flooring, suchasparticleboard.

Omitanylayerswhichconsistof:

• Hardcorebeneathagroundbearingslab.

• Groundbearingconcreteslabswithdensitygreaterthan 1800 kg/m3.

• Thinfloorcoveringssuchasvinylorcarpet.

Table 11.1: Thermalconductivityoftheground

Category Description Thermalconductivity, (W/mK)

1 clayorsilt 1.52 sandorgravel 2.03 homogeneousrock 3.5

11.2 Basementwalls

TocompleteabasementwallU-valuecalculationyouwillneedtoknow:

• Thefloor'sPerimeter/Arearatio: P/A;

• Thethicknessofthebasementwalls: w (metres);

• Theaveragedepthfromtheexternalgroundsurfacetothebasementfloor: h (me-tres);

• Detailsoftheinsulationinthebasementfloor.

CHAPTER11. BASEMENT U-VALUES 56

Figure 11.2: Enteringdataforbasementwalls

• Thethermalconductivityoftheground: λ, (W/mK)(Table 11.1 andannexG ofBSEN ISO 13370).

TocalculateabasementwallU-value:

1. CreateanewU-valuecalculationinthe ProjectManager windowandopenitforediting.

2. Inthe U-valueConstructiondialogue setthe ElementType to BasementWall, enteran Elementdescription thenclick OK.The GroundFloorDetails dialogueopens(Figure 11.2).

3. EnterthePerimeter/Arearatio, P/A,orchecktheboxlabelled`calculateit'andenterthe Perimeter and Area separately.

4. Enterthewallthickness, w, thebasementdepth, h, andthethermalconductivityoftheground, lambda.

5. Enterthedetailsofinsulationinthebasementfloor. Eitherenterthe name, thicknessand conductivity oftheinsulation, orusethedatabasebuttontoselecttheinsulationfromthe ProductsDatabase. Click OK.

6. Nowaddthelayersoftheconstructioninthemain U-value window.

12 Outputtingresults

YoucanprinttheresultsofU-valuecalculationsontopaperorproduceaPDF filewhichcanbeopenedonanycomputerwiththefreeAdobeReadersoftwareinstalled; PDF filesareidealforemailingtopeoplewhoneedtoseetheresultsofthecalculationbutdonothaveJPA Designer. ForbothprintandPDF theoutputincludes:

• Projectinformation;

• Detailsoftheconstruction;

• TheU-valueandanycorrectionfactors.

Toprintresults:

1. Select File>Print fromthemenubar(orclickthe Print buttononthetoolbar). TheSectionsToPrint dialogueopens(Figure 12.1).

Figure 12.1: SectionsToPrintdialogue

57

CHAPTER12. OUTPUTTING RESULTS 58

Figure 12.2: Printpreviewcontrols

2. Usethetickboxestoselectwhethertoprintanadditionalpageshowingthedetailsofthebridgingcalculations. YoucanalsochoosewhethertoincludetheISO mois-turetableforcondensationanalysis, andwhetherthecalculationshouldshowthelogooftheBBA/TIMSA U-valueaccreditationscheme.

3. Click OK.The Printpreview windowopens.

4. Usethebuttonsonthetoolbartoviewsuccessivepagesoftheprintout, thenclickthe Print buttontoprintthepages(Figure 12.2).

TocreateaPDF fileoftheresults:

1. Fromthemenubarselect File>CreatePDF.A dialogueasksifyouwanttoopenthePDF whenitiscreated.

2. Select Yes or No. The SectionsToPrint dialogueopens(Figure 12.1).

3. Usethetickboxestoselectwhethertoprintanadditionalpageshowingthede-tailsofthebridgingcalculations(youcanalsochoosewhethertoincludetheISOmoisturetableforcondensationanalysis).


5. Usethebuttonsonthetoolbartoviewsuccessivepagesoftheprintout, thenclickthe Print buttontoprintthepages(Figure 12.2). TheprogramwillthencreateaPDF fileofthecalculation.

*ThenameofthePDF filewillincludetheJPA Designerfilenameandthecalcula-tionname, sothecalculation tilehungwall inaproject TheMeadowswillbecalledTheMeadows.JDPtilehungwall.PDF.ThefilewillbesavedintotheJPA Designerprogramfolderorinthestart-upfolderyouhavespecified.

Note: asWindowsdoesnotallowcertaincharacterstobeusedinfilenamesyoushouldensurethecalculationnamesinJPA Designerdonotcontainthosecharac-ters, otherwisePDF creationwillfail. Therestrictedcharactersare: ' / \ : *? < >|.

Youcanchangetheprintersettingsbyselecting File>Printersetup fromthemenubar.

13 U-valuecalculationoptions

TheEuropeanstandards for factoryproduced thermal insulationproducts1 setout therequirementsfordeterminingandquotingthethermalperformanceofthermalinsulation.Foreachproduct:

thevalueofthermalresistance, R90/90, shallbe . . . roundeddownwardstothenearest 0.05m2K/W, anddeclaredasRD inlevelswithstepsof 0.05m2K/W.

TocomplywiththatrequirementJPA Designerroundsdownthethermalresistanceofalllayerswhicharemarkedatthermalinsulation. Tomarkalayerasthermalinsulationtickthe isthermalinsulation boxinthe Editmaterial dialogue.

Becausetheremaybeoccasionswhenyouneedtocarryoutcalculationswithoutround-ingthefeaturemaybeturnedoffandon. Bydefault, roundingison: thisisindicatedbyredtextinthebottommarginoftheU-valuewindow.

Tochangetheroundingsetting: 1. Fromthemenubarselect Options. TheCalculationsOptionsdialogueopens(Figure 13.1).

1. Tickthe Rounddownthermalresistance boxtotoggleroundingonoroff.

2. Click OK toacceptthechange.

1Theseries runs fromBS EN 13162:2001 Thermal insulationproducts forbuildings. Factorymademineralwool(MW) products. Specification toBS EN 13172:2001 Thermalinsulatingproducts. Evaluationofconformity. Thereisonestandardforeachmajorthermalinsulationmaterial.

59

CHAPTER13. U-VALUE CALCULATION OPTIONS 60

Figure 13.1: U-valuecalculationoptions

14 EditingtheProductsdatabase

TomakeU-valuecalculationseasierallJPA DesignerU-valuemodulesincludethe Prod-uctsdatabase, whichprovidesthekeydataongenericconstructionmaterials, cavitiesandbrandedproductsfromanumberofmanufacturers. Thissectionexplainshowyoucanaddfrequentlyusedproductstothedatabase.

Thematerialswithinthedatabaseareorganisedintothreecategories:

• Brandedproductsfrommanufacturers, shownin bold inthecategorieslist;

• Genericmaterials, showninnormaltypeinthecategorieslist;

• Userdefinedmaterials, shownin italics inthecategorieslist.

YoucanuseallthreetypesofmaterialinUvaluecalculationsandyoucancreate, editanddeleteuserdefinedcategoriesandmaterials. However, youcannoteditordeletebrandedorgenericcategoriesormaterials. Tochangethevaluesofbrandedorgenericmaterialsyoumustworkonaduplicate(clone)ofthecategoryormaterial. Cloningacategorycreatesanewcategorycontainingthesamematerialsastheoriginal.

Tomakechangestothe Productsdatabase youmustfirstopenthe Editdatabase dialogue(Figure 14.1)byselecting Edit>Database fromthemainmenu.

Toaddauserdefinedcategory:

1. Clickthe Newcategory button.

2. Enterthenameofthecategoryinthe Newcategory dialogue.

3. Click OK.Thenewcategoryiscreated.

Torenameanexistinguserdefinedcategory:

1. Selectacategorybyclickingonit.

2. Clickthe Editcategory button. The Editcategory dialogueopens.

3. Enteranewnamethenclick OK.Thecategoryisrenamed.

Tocloneacategory:

61

CHAPTER14. EDITING THE PRODUCTS DATABASE 62

Figure 14.1: TheEditDatabasedialogue

1. Selectthecategorytoclonebyclickingonit.

2. Clickthe Clonecategory button. The Clonecategory dialogueopens.

3. Enteranameforthenewcategoryandclick OK.

4. A newcategorywillbecreated, containingcopiesoftheoriginalmaterials.

Todeleteauserdefinedcategory:

1. Selectthecategorytodelete.

2. Clickthe Deletecategory button. An Information dialogueasksyoutoconfirmthedeletion.

3. Click Yes todeletethecategory, No tokeepit.

Toinsertanewmaterialinauser-definedcategory:

1. Selectthecategoryinwhichyouwanttocreatethenewmaterial.

2. Clickthe Newproduct button. The Editmaterial dialogueopens.

3. Completethe Editmaterial dialogue(chapter 7).

4. Click OK.Thenewproductisaddedtothecategory.


Figure 14.2: TheSearchDatabasedialogue

Toeditanexistinguserdefinedmaterial:

1. Selecttheproductyouwishtoedit.

2. Clickthe Editproduct button. The Editmaterial dialogueopens.

3. Makethechangesinthe Editmaterial dialogue(chapter 7).

4. Click OK.Theproductinformationisupdated.

Tocloneanexistingproductinauserdefinedcategory:

1. Selecttheproductandclickthe Cloneproduct button. A copyoftheproductwillbeinsertedinthecategory.

2. Clickontheclonetoeditit.

Todeleteaproductfromauser-definedcategory:

1. Selecttheproductyouwishtodelete.

2. Clickthe Deleteproduct button. Theproductisdeleted.

Youcansearchthedatabasetofindspecificproducts:

1. Clickthe Search button. The SearchDatabase dialogueopens(Figure 14.2).

2. Inthe SearchDatabase dialogueenterthetextyouwanttosearchforandthedi-rectiontheprogramshouldsearchthroughthedatabase(forwards or backwards).

3. Tickthe Ignorecase boxifyouwantthesearchtoignorecapitalsandlower-caseletters.

4. Click Findfirst to start the search. Theprogramwill display thefirstmatchingproductinthe Products pane.

5. Click Findnext togoontothenextmatchingproduct.

6. Whenyouhavefoundtheproductyouwantclick Close toclosetheSearchdia-logue.

Whenyouhavefinishedworkingonthedatabase, clickthe Close buttontoreturntothemainU-valuewindow.


14.1 Shortcodes

Youcanassigncodestouserdefinedmaterialsasyouentertheminthedatabase. Theshort codes can then be used for rapid data entry using the Products database (sec-tion 6.1). Youcanalsouseshortcodestodeterminetheorderinwhichproductsandmaterialsarepresentedwithincategories, tospeedupdataentryforcommonconstruc-tions.

Tosortthedatabasebyshortcodesyoumustfirstassignshortcodestothematerials; useanumberingsystemwhichmatchestheorderinwhichyouwantthematerialstoappear.Onceyouhaveassignedshortcodesyoushouldclickonthe Sortonshortcode tickboxinthe Productsdatabase dialogue(Figure 6.1).

PartIII

Condensationrisk

65

15 Assessingtheriskofinterstitialcondensation

TheUvalueProfessionalmodulecalculatestheriskofinterstitialcondensationformingattheinterfacesoflayerswithinanelement.Themodule, whichfollowstherecommen-dationsofBS 52501 usesthemethodofanalysissetoutinBS EN ISO 137882.Foreachinterfacewithinabuildingelementthemoduledetermines:

• theamountofcondensationorevaporationduringeachmonth;

• themaximumamountofmoisturedeposited;

• theaccumulatedmassofwatercomparedtototalevaporationduringtheyear;

• theannualmoisturebalance.

TheprogramcanstillperformanalysestotheBS 5250:1989method3. Forinformationonusingthismethodsee section 15.3.The likelihoodof condensation formingwithinabuildingelementdependsupon thehygrothermalpropertiesofthematerials(thermalconductivityorresistanceandvapourresistivitiesorresistance)andtheenvironmentalconditions(internalandexternaltem-peraturesandrelativehumidities).MostoftheinformationusedbyJPA Designerforcalculatingcondensationriskisalsoused in themainbodyof theprogram for calculatingU-values. Theonly additionalinformationrequiredisthevapourresistivityandresistancedataforthematerialsintheconstruction, andtheenvironmentaldataforthebuildingandsite.Tocarryoutcondensationriskanalysis:

1. BuildupanelementinthesamewayasyouwouldforaU-valuecalculation.

2. Ensurevapourresistancepropertieshavebeendefinedforeachlayer(chapter 7).

3. Settheenvironmentalconditions(section 15.1);

4. Viewtheresults(section 15.2).

Pleasenotethemodulecannotcarryoutcondensationriskanalysisforgroundfloors,basementsnorconstructionscontainingvariablelayers; neitherwillitcalculatetheriskofsurfacecondensation.

1BS 5250:2002Codeofpracticeforcontrolofcondensationinbuildings.2BS EN ISO 13788:2002Hygrothermalperformanceofbuildingcomponentsandbuildingelements–

Internalsurfacetemperaturetoavoidcriticalsurfacehumidityandinterstitialcondensation–Calculationmethods.

3TheBS 5250:1989AppendixD methodisbasedonthesameunderlyingprinciplesasthemethodsetoutinISO 13788, but(i)analysescondensationriskfora60periodratherthanthewholeyearand(ii)reportsresultsinadifferentway.

66

CHAPTER15. ASSESSING THE RISK OF INTERSTITIAL CONDENSATION 67

15.1 Environmentalconditions

Thecondensationriskcalculationrequiresmeanmonthlydatafor:

• Internaltemperature(IntT);thedesigntemperatureinsidethebuilding, indegreesCelsius. Thedefaultforanalysisistousethesameinternaltemperaturethroughouttheyear. Ifnoprojecttemperaturehasbeenspecifieduse20ºC asadefaultvalueforaUK building.

• Internalrelativehumidity(IntRH);thisislargelydeterminedbythetypeofactivitywhichwilltakeplacewithinthebuilding. ISO 13788definesfiveoccupancytypeswithdifferenthumiditycharacteristics: BS 5250:2002suggests relativehumidityrangesforthosetypes, see Table 15.1. Theinternalrelativehumidityisaffectedbytheexternalconditions.

• ExternalTemperature(ExtT) and ExternalRelativeHumidity(ExtRH);theexter-nalconditionsdependuponthebuilding'slocation. JPA Designerincludesexternaltemperatureandhumiditydatafrom20sitesaroundtheUK,allowingyoutose-lect thenearest location to theproject site 4. Fora `worstcase' scenarioselectEskdalemuir.

Thedataisenteredusingthe Environmentalconditions dialogue, whichallowsyoutoenterdataforanalysisusingISO 13788orBS 5250:1989. ThedefaultcalculationmethodisISO 13788(tousethepreviousBS 5250:1989calculationmethodsee section 15.3).Tosettheenvironmentalconditions:

1. Fromthemenubarselect Edit>Environmentalconditions. The Environmentalcon-ditions dialogueopens.

2. Selectthehumidityclassusingthe Internalhumidityclass dropdown. The IntRHcolumniscompleted.

3. Entertheinternaldesigntemperatureinthe Internaltemperature box. The IntTcolumndisplaysthevalues. Ifyouwishtovarytheinternaltemperaturethroughouttheyearyoucantypevaluesdirectlyintothe IntT columnforeachmonth.

4. Fromthe Buildinglocation dropdownselectthelocationofthebuilding. The ExtTand ExtRH columnsarecompletedandthevaluesinthe IntRH columnadjusted.Ifyouhavesitespecificdatayoucantypevaluesdirectlyintothetable.

5. Click OK toacceptthedataandclosethedialogue.

15.2 Viewingresults

JPA Designerpresentstheresultsofcondensationriskanalysisinthreeformats:

• Asmonthbymonthdata, intheISO CondensationTable(subsection 15.2.1).

• Asagraph, intheDewpointgraph(subsection 15.2.2).

• Insummaryform, intheResultstable(subsection 15.2.3).4ThedataistakenfromMeteorologicaldata1961–1990publishedbytheWorldMeteorologicalOffice.


Table 15.1: Humidityclasses

Class Buildingtype Relativehumidity(%)15ºC 20ºC 25ºC

1 Storageareas <50 <35 <252 Offices, shops 50-65 35-50 25-353 Dwellingswithlowoccupancy 65-80 50-60 35-454 Dwellingswithhighoccupancy, sportshalls, 80-95 60-70 45-555 Specialbuildings, e.g.laundry, swimmingpool >95 >70 >55

Figure 15.1: ISO 13788Condensationtable

15.2.1 ISO CondensationTable

The ISO CondensationTable showstheamountofcondensatepredictedateachinterfaceintheconstruction, andisthemostaccuratemeansofviewingtheresultsofananalysistoISO 13788.

To view the ISO Condensation Table select View>ISO Condensation Table from themenubar.

Theupperpartofthetable(Figure 15.1)showstheinterfaceswithintheconstruction.Whenyouselectan interfacebyclickingon it, the lowerhalfof the tableshows theamountofcondensationpredictedatthatinterface. Itshowstheamountofcondensatedepositedorevaporatedeachmonth, gc, andtheaccumulatedcondensateattheendofeachmonth, Ma, bothmeasured in g/m2 (negativenumbers indicateevaporation).Theresultsstartwiththefirstmonthinwhichcondensationispredicted, orJanuaryifnocondensationispredictedinanymonth. GuidanceoninterpretingresultsisgiveninBS5250:2002andBS EN ISO 13788.


Figure 15.2: Dewpoint graph for a roofwith condensationpredictedat the interfacebetweenlayers4and5

15.2.2 TheDewpointgraph

The Dewpointgraph plotsthepredictedtemperaturethroughtheconstructionwithdew-pointtemperaturefortheworstmonth5. Condensationispredictedatanyinterfacewherethetwolinestouch(see Figure 15.2). Theorientationofthe Dewpointgraph isdeter-minedbythebuildingelement: wallsareshownwithlayersrunningverticallyandroofswithlayersrunninghorizontally.Toopenthe Dewpointgraph select View>Dewpointgraph fromthemenubarorclicktheDewpointgraphbuttononthetoolbar. Toviewtheresultsforthemonthwiththegreatestevaporationclickonthe Summer radiobuttoninthe Resultstoshow section.

15.2.3 TheResultstable

The ResultsTable showstheheadlineresultsforeachinterfaceintheconstruction. Toviewthe Resultstable select View>ResultsTable fromthemenubar. Whenthetableis

5The dewpointtemperature isthetemperatureatwhichsaturationvapourpressurewouldoccur. Anylowertemperaturewouldresultincondensation.


openclickthe Alwaysontop boxtokeepitvisibleonscreenwhileyoucontinuetoworkonthecalculation. Whenyouhavefinished, click Close toclosetheResultsTable.

ForcalculationstoISO 13788thesignificantcolumnsare:

• ISO -Winterworstbuildup: themonthinwhichthehighestamountofcondensateispredictedtobedeposited;

• ISO -Winterpeakbuildup: themonthwhichseesthehighestcumulativeamountofcondensation.

Foreachcolumntheamountofcondensateisshowningramspersquaremetre. Theresult n/ameansnocondensationispredictedatthatinterface. Youcanseemoredetailedresultsinthe ISO Condensationtable.

ForcalculationstoBS 5250:1989AppendixD thesignificantcolumnsare:

• Winterbuildup: theamountofcondensatepredictedover60winterdays;

• Annualbuildup: theamountofcondensatecarriedforwardafterallowingforsum-merevaporation,

Foreachcolumntheamountofcondensateisshowningramspersquaremetre(g/m2).Zeroshowninbothcolumnsmeansnocondensationispredicted, whileanegativenum-ber in theannualbuildupcolumn indicates summerevaporationwillbegreater thanwinterdeposition.

15.3 Usingthepreviouscalculationmethod

TousetheBS 5250: 1998calculationmethodunticktheUse2003condensationmethodbox in the Environmentalconditions dialogue. Thedialogueboxwillnowshow theenvironmentaldatafortheBS 5250:1989method.

Externalconditions Theprogramsetsstandardvaluesforexternalenvironmentalcondi-tions, followingBS 6229andBS 5250, whichare:

• summertemperature: 18ºC.

• wintertemperature: 5ºC.

• summerrelativehumidity: 65%.

• winterrelativehumidity: 95%.

Ifyouneedtocalculatecondensationriskforotherexternalenvironmentsyoucanchangethestandardvaluesbytypingnewvaluesintothetextboxes. Toreturntothedefaultvaluesforexternalenvironmentalconditionsclickthe Default button.

Condensationbuildupperiod Build-upofcondensateisassessedoverastandard60daywinterperiod: thatvaluecanbechangedusingthe Condensationbuildupperiod box.


Internalconditions Theinternaltemperatureandrelativehumidityvalueswillbedeter-minedlargelybythebuildinguse. Youcanenterdesigndataormeasuredvaluesinthefourboxes, orselectoneofthepre-definedbuildingusegroupslistedinthe BuildingUsedrop-downbox: thatwillautomaticallysetthetemperaturesandrelativehumiditiestothosedefinedinBS 5250andBS 6229, Table7.

Onceyouhaveset theenvironmentalconditionsyoucanviewthecalculationresultsusingthe Resultstable (subsection 15.2.3)andthe Dewpointgraph (subsection 15.2.2).

Calculationoptions TheBS 5250:1989methoddoesnotallowfortheremovalofmoisturebyairmovement, however, thestandardsuggestssomeindicationoftheeffectofventedcavitiescanbeobtainedbyassumingtheairinthecavityisatoutsideconditions. Thiscandonebysettingtozerothevapourresistancesofthematerialstotheoutsideofacavity.

ForanexplanationofthelimitationsofthistechniquepleaserefertoBS 5250: 1989page76.

TousethisoptioninJPA Designer:

1. Inthe Editmaterial dialoguesetthecavitytypeto ventedcavity.

2. Fromthemenubarselect Options. The Calculationoptions dialogueopens.

3. Tickthebox Setvapourresistanceoflayersaboveventedcavitytozero.

4. Click OK.Theprogramsetsthevapourresistancesofallthelayerstotheoutsideofthecavitytozero.

15.4 Outputtingcalculationresults

TheresultsofcondensationriskanalysiscanbeprintedorproducedasPDF filesinthesamewayastheresultsofU-valuecalculations(chapter 12). Themaindifferencesare:

1. BeforestartingtoprintorcreateaPDF,tickthe Condensationrisk boxonthestatusbaratthebottomofthemain U-value window.

2. Inthe SectionsToPrint dialoguereviewwhetheryouwanttoprintthesummer-timecondensationresultsandtheISO moisturetableandticktheappropriateboxes.

PartIV

SAP 2009

72

16 JPA DesignerSAP 2009module

16.1 OverviewoftheSAP 2009module

TheJPA DesignerSAP 2009moduleenablesyoutocarryoutcalculationstodemonstrateadwellingcomplieswith the requirementsofPart L12010 (EnglandandWales) andsection6oftheScottishBuildingStandards2010(Scotland)(forNorthernIrelandyoushouldcurrentlyuseSAP 2005-9.91as theregulationshavenotbeenrevised). Themodulealsoletsyouissueenergyperformancecertificates (EPCs) fornewdwellings1,whilsttheresultsofcalculationsmaybeusedaspartofassessmentsundertheCodeforSustainableHomes.

TheSAP 2009moduleusestheSAP 9.90methodologytocalculatetheTargetCarbonDioxideEmissionRate(TER) andtheDwellingCarbonDioxideEmissionRate(DER).ThemodulealsochecksforcomplianceagainstanumberofothercriteriasetoutinApprovedDocumentL1A andintheDomesticBuildingServicesComplianceGuide.

Whilstthissectionofthemanualgivesinstructionsonhowtoenterdataintotheprogramit doesnotoffer authoritative guidanceuponSAP 9.90nor theBuildingRegulations.We suggest youuse thismanual in conjunctionwith the government's guide to SAP(availablefromtheBRE website-www.bre.co.uk/sap2009), ApprovedDocumentL1AandtheDomesticBuildingServicesComplianceGuide(bothavailableasPDFsfromthePlanningPortal: www.planningportal.gov.uk).

CarryingoutaSAP 2009calculationusingJPA Designerisstraightforward. ThemainSAP window shows theon-goingresultsof thecalculationand thecompliancestatusofthedwelling, whilethe SAP WorksheetValues dialogueallowsyoutoenterthedatarequiredforthecalculation. Onceyouhavefinishedenteringdatayoucanprintofftheresultsormakeadjustmentstothedata.

16.2 Determiningcompliance

TherearefivecriteriaagainstwhichanewdwellingistestedtodeterminewhetherornotitcomplieswiththerequirementsofPartL2:

1Inorder to issueanEPC youwill need tobeamemberof a government approvedaccreditationscheme. Youcanfindmoreinformationonsuitableaccreditationschemesonourwebsite.

2ThesoftwarealsocarriesoutsimilartestsforregulationsinScotland.

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CHAPTER16. JPA DESIGNER SAP 2009MODULE 74

1. MeetingtheTER:TheDwellingCO2 EmissionRate(DER),measuredastheamountofCO2 persquaremetreoffloorareaemittedasaconsequenceofprovidingspaceheating, hotwaterandlightingforadwellingmustbelessthanatargetrate. ThatTargetEmissionRate(TER) isbasedontheCO2 emissionsfromanotionaldwellingofthesamedimensionsastheproposeddwelling, butreducedbyanimprovementfactorof25%from2006standards(30%reductioninScotland).

TheSAP 2009modulecalculatestheTER usingthedatayouenteraboutthepro-poseddwellingandthedefaultconditionsspecifiedinAppendixR oftheSAP doc-ument.

2. Limitsondesignflexibility: Toensurelong-termperformance, andtopreventex-cessivetrade-offsbetweenfabricandplant, ApprovedDocumentL1setsout:

• maximumpermissible fabricU-values (bothworstcasevaluesandaveragevalues);

• maximumpermissibleairleakagerates;

• designlimitsforfixedbuildingservices.

TheSAP 2009modulechecksforcomplianceagainstallthosestandards.

3. Limitingtheeffectsofsolargaininsummer: Theregulationsrequiredesignerstomakeprovisiontoavoidexcessiveinternaltemperaturesasaresultofsolargain.AppendixP oftheSAP 9.90documentcontainsamethodfortestinglevelsofsolargain. TheSAP 2009moduleimplementsthatmethodtotestforcompliance.

4. Qualityofconstruction: Theperformanceof thedwellingasbuiltmustbecon-sistentwiththatpredictedbytheDER:onemeasureis theairpermeabilityrate,establishedbypressuretesting. Foradwellingwhichispressuretestedthemea-suredairpermeabilitymustbelowerthan 10m3/hm2 andtheDER calculatedusingthetestresultmustbelowerthantheTER.

TheSAP 2005moduleallowspressuretestingdatatobeenteredandwillcheckforcompliance.

5. Operatingandmaintenanceinstructions: Regulation40requiresthebuildingownertobeprovidedwithinformationtoenableenergyefficientoperationofthebuild-ing. Theoutputs from theSAP 2009modulecanbeused tohelp tomeet thatrequirement.

16.3 PreparingtocarryoutaSAP 2009calculation

BeforestartingaSAP calculationyoushouldensureyouhavealltheinputdata, including:

• dwellingfloorarea;

• theventilationstrategy;

• thedesignorachievedairpermeability;


• U-values, κ-values(kappa-values)andareasofexternal, andparty, walls, roofsandfloors(youcancarryouttheU-valueand κ-valuecalculationsusingoneoftheJPADesignerU-valuemodules);

• κ-valuesandareasofinternalwallsandfloors;

• ψ-values(psi-values)forjunctionsandthelengthsofjunctions;

• U-values, areasandorientationofwindows, doorsandrooflights;

• theproposedwaterheatingsystem;

• theproposedprimaryandsecondaryheatingsystems;

• detailsofanyphotovoltaiccellsorotherlowcarbontechnology.

16.4 CarryingoutaSAP 2009calculation

ThemainstepstocarryoutaSAP 2009are:

1. CreateanewSAP 2005calculation(section 3.5).

2. OpenthecalculationintheSAP module(section 3.6).

3. Enterthe ProjectInformation (section 16.6).

4. Openthe SAPWorksheetValues dialogueandenterthedwellingdata(section 16.7).

5. Checkthecompliancestatusonthemain SAP window (section 16.5)andmakeanynecessarychanges.

6. Produceprint-outsorPDF filesofthecalculationresults(chapter 29).

7. Saveyourproject(section 3.3).

16.5 TheSAP window

The SAP window letsyouaccesstheSAP menusandtoolbaranddisplaystheresultsofcalculations(Figure 16.1). Themainfeaturesare:

1. Themenubar.

2. TheSAP 2009toolbar: thebuttonsgivedirectaccesstokeyprogramfunctionsandtothetabsonthe SAP WorksheetValues dialogue.

3. Thestatuslightswhichindicatewhetheryouhaveenteredall(green), some(amber)ornone(red)ofthedataforeachsection.

4. Thecalculationname, asenteredinthe ProjectManager window.


Figure 16.1: ThemainSAP window


Figure 16.2: Tooltipshowingtheprimarycauseoffailure

5. TheTER andDER results, with thepercentage reductionof theDER against theTER andCodeforSustainableHomes(CSH) levelthatreductionrepresents. Thesoftwarealsodisplaysthe FabricEnergyEfficiency (FEE) whichisrequiredforCSHassessments.

TheCSH levelisonlyaguideforthecarbonemissionscomponentoftheCode: itisnotafullevaluationagainsttheCode.

6. FabricU-valuesforopaqueelements(floors, walls, roofs)andforopenings. Ineachlinethefirstnumbershowstheworst(highest)U-valueandthesecondthearea-weightedaverage.

7. Overheatingriskassessment.

8. CarbondioxideemissionandSAP results, includingtheHeatLossParameter(HLP).

9. Compliancezone. Thisshowsgreenforapassandredforafail. Ifthedwellingdoesnotcomplyyoucanholdyourmousecursoroverthiszonetoshowatool-tipidentifyingtheprimarycauseoffailure(Figure 16.2). Doubleclickingonthezonewillopenthe ComplianceChecklist.

Thetoolbarbuttonsareshownin Figure 16.3, themajorityofthemopenthe SAP 9.902009WorksheetValues dialogueatdifferenttabs.

16.6 ProjectinformationinSAP

Generalinformationaboutthedwelling, suchastheclient, projectaddress, andtypeofdwellinginthe ProjectInformation dialogue(Figure 16.4). Thisdialogueisalsousedtosetsomeofthedwellingdetails(someofwhichareusedfortheEPC) anumberofcalculationoptions.

16.6.1 Addressdetails

Theclientandprojectaddressdetailsareshownonallthecalculationoutputs. Youcanenterthedetailsintwoways:

• typetheinformationdirectlyintothe ProjectInformation&Options dialogue; or,


Figure 16.3: ButtonsontheSAP toolbar


Figure 16.4: TheProjectInformationdialogue


• usetheinformationwhichyousetforthewholeJPA Designerprojectinthe ProjectInformation dialogueinthe ProjectManager window.

Toenternewprojectdetails:

1. IntheSAP moduleselect Edit>ProjectInformation fromthemenubar. The ProjectInformation dialogueopens.

2. Enterprojectinformationbytypingitintotheappropriatefields. Usethe <Tab>keytomovebetweenfields.

Youcanalsoaddplotnumbersanddrawingreferencestolinkthecalculationtoaparticulardwellingonsite.

Note: The UPRN boxandthe getUPRN and clearUPRN buttonsareonlyusedwhenpreparingtoissueanEPC foracompleteddwelling. ForinstructionsonusingthempleaseseetheseparateguidetoissuingEPCs.

TocopyprojectdetailsfromProjectManager:

1. IntheSAP moduleselect Edit>ProjectInformation fromthemenubar. The ProjectInformation dialogueopens.

2. Clickthe Inherit button. AnyinformationyouenteredinProjectManageriscopiedtothe ProjectInformation dialoguehere.

16.6.2 DwellingdetailsThe ProjectInformation dialoguealsocontainsgeneralinformationaboutthedwelling,includingthetypeofbuilding, thecountryandthelocation.

• Buildingtype: thisisusedintheEnergyPerformanceCertificate. Selecttheclosestmatchingvaluefromthedrop-down.

• Country: thedifferentpartsoftheUK haveimplementedSAP 2009inslightlydif-ferentways3. Youmustusethe Country drop-downtoselectthecorrectlocationtoensurethedwellingistestedagainsttheappropriateregulations.

• EPC language: setsthelanguageinwhichtheEPC isproduced.

EPCsinEngland, ScotlandandNorthernIrelandmustbeproducedinEnglish. EPCsinWalesmaybeissuedininEnglishorWelsh.

• Location: thisisusedintheoverheatingassessmentandinSAP calculationsfordwellingswithspacecooling. Theregionsinthedrop-downareshowninthemaptoTable10intheSAP 2009document.

Insubsequentversionsofthesoftwarethelocationwillbesetfromthepostcodeforthedwelling, usingthe Look-up button.

• Projecttype: defineswhetherthecalculationisforanewbuild, existingdwellingorconversion.

AnEPC canonlybeproducedfora newdwellingasbuilt.

• Relatedpartydisclosure: overridesthedefaultdisclosureforEPCsforthatcalcula-tion.

3AsofMarch2011NorthernIrelandisstillusingSAP 2005(version9.81), butisexpectedtoswitchtoSAP 2009laterintheyear.


16.6.3 SAP calculationoptions

Thebottomofthe ProjectInformation dialoguecontainsseveralcalculationoptions:

• Treatloweglasscoatingas`soft': softlowemissioncoatingsallowlesssolarenergythroughglassthanhardcoatingsandwillthereforereducetheamountofsolargain(however, windowswithsoftcoatingswillhavebetterU-valuesthanthosewithhardcoatings). Ticktheboxtoapplythisoptiontoalllow-E glassinthecalculation.

• Entergrossopaqueelementareas: theSAP 2009calculationusesthenetareasofwallsandroofs, aftertheareasofopenings(doors, windowsandrooflights)havebeenremoved). Ifyouselectthisoptionyoucanenterthe gross areasofwallsandroofs, and theprogramwilldetermine thenetareas, bysubtracting theareasofwindowsandrooflights.

Ifyouchangethesettingofthisboxthesoftwarethenclosethe ProjectInforma-tion theprogramasksifyouwanttousethatsettingasthedefaultvalueforfuturecalculations.

• Boiler comes under the exception procedure allowed in Part L. TheDomesticBuildingServicesComplianceguiderequiresneworreplacementgasoroilboilerstohaveefficiencylevelswhichcanonlybeachievedbycondensingappliances.A non-condensingboilermaybebepermitted if the situationmeets the condi-tionsinthegovernment's Condensingboilerinstallationassessmentprocedurefordwellings4. Youmaythereforeonlytickthisboxiftheconditionsoftheassessmentprocedurearesatisfied.

16.7 Enteringprojectdata

ThedatafortheSAP calculationisenteredusingthe SAP 9.902009WorksheetValuesdialogue. Thedialogueisorganisedbyaseriesoftabs, eachcoveringonepartoftheSAPinputdata: theyare:

• Dwellingdimensions: thebasicconfigurationofthedwelling, includingthepro-portionoflowenergylighting(chapter 17).

• Ventilation: airinfiltrationrates, ventilationstrategyandsystemefficiency(chap-ter 18).

• Walls, roofsandfloors: heatlossandthermalmassoftheopaquebuildingfabric(chapter 19).

• Openings: heatloss, solargainanddaylightinginformationforwindows, doorsandrooflights(chapter 20).

• Waterheating: thesourceofdomestichotwater, itsefficiencyandfueltype, in-cludingdetailsofanysolarpanels(chapter 21).

4Guide to the Condensing Boiler Installation Assessment Procedure for Dwellings. CLG. 2005.http://www.planningportal.gov.uk/uploads/br/BR PDF PTL CONDBOILER.pdf


Figure 16.5: TabsontheSAP 9.902009WorksheetValuesdialogue

Figure 16.6: ThebuttonsontheSAP WorksheetValuesdialogue

• Primaryheating: themainheatingsystem, controlsandfuel(chapter 22).

• Secondaryheating: anyadditionalheatingsystem(chapter 23).

• Overheatingandcooling: detailsforsummeroverheating, andanyfixedcoolingsystems(chapter 24 and chapter 25).

• PV &AltTech: Photo-voltaicpanels, windturbines, andnewrenewabletechnolo-gies(chapter 26).

Toopen thedialogue at the start of a calculation, clickon the Dwellingdimensionsbuttononthetoolbarorselect Edit>Dwellingdimensions. Thetabsarelistedatthetopofthedialogueinthesameorderastheyappearinthe Edit menu(Figure 16.5). Tomovebetweensectionssimplyclickonthetabs. Werecommendyoustartwiththe DwellingDimensions tabandworkfromlefttoright, finishingwiththe PV &AltTech tab.

Atthebottomofthedialogueareaseriesofbuttons(Figure 16.6):-

• OK:Revisesthecalculationtakingaccountofanychangesyouhavemadetothedata, andclosesthedialogue.

• Cancel: Closesthedialoguebutignoresanychangesyouhavemadetothecalcu-lation.

• Apply: Revisesthecalculation, takingaccountofanychangesyouhavemadetothedata, butleavesthedialogueopen.

Withamonitorsetto1024by800pixelsorhigher, itispossibletoseethemain SAPwindowandthe SAP 9.902009WorksheetValues dialogueatthesametime. ByusingtheApply buttonyoucanseetheeffectofdesignchangesuponthecalculationimmediately.

• Help: Givesyouaccesstothegovernment'sSAP guidanceandanon-lineversionofthismanual.

• Last: Takesyoutotheprevioustabonthedialogue.

• Next: Takesyoutothenexttabonthedialogue.

17 Dwellingdimensions

TheareaandaverageroomheightforeachstoreyareusedthroughouttheSAP calcu-lation, forexample, todeterminehotwaterandlightingusageandtherateofheatlossthroughventilation.Thedata is enteredusing the Dwellingdimensions tabof the SAP Worksheet valuesdialogue(Figure 17.1):

• Foreachstorey, the floorarea, in m2 andthe averageroomheight. JPA Designerwill calculateanddisplay thevolumeof each storey, the totalfloorareaof thedwellingandthetotalvolumeofthedwelling.

Therearetwolinesfor Groundfloors, toallowfordwellingswhichhaveadoubleheightlounge. The Exposedfloor linemaybeusedforfloorsofapartmentswhichareovergarages, parkingbaysorwalkways.

Figure 17.1: TheDimensionstab

83

CHAPTER17. DWELLING DIMENSIONS 84

Floorareasaremeasuredtotheinternalsurfacesofthewallsboundingthedwelling,andshouldincludeall internalwallsandbuilt-incupboardsaccessiblefromtheoccupiedareaofthedwellingandallporchesandconservatorieswhichareheatedandformpartofthehabitablespace. (Excludeporchesandconservatorieswhichareunheatedandthermallyseparatedfromthelivingspace.)

The averageroomheight forthelowestfloorismeasuredfromfinishedfloorsurfacetoceilingsurface. Foreveryotherstorey, theheightismeasuredfromtheceilingofthefloorbelow: forexample, theheightofthesecondstoreyinatwostoreyhouseismeasuredfromtheundersideoftheceilingofthefirststorey, totheundersideoftheceilingofthesecondstorey. Thisconventionensuresthatthevolumeofthefloorstructureisincludedwithinthecalculation. Forroomintheroofconstructionsyouwillneedtodetermineanaveragestoreyheight.

Whereafloorhasadifferentoccupancybeneathit(suchasanotherflatormaisonette)the party boxshouldbetickedforthatfloor.

Makesureyouenterthevaluesagainsttheappropriatestorey, otherwiseyoumaysubsequentlyhaveproblemslodgingtheEPC.Thisisparticularlyimportantforflats:donotuse`groundfloor'unlessitactuallyisagroundfloorflat.

• Totalfloorareawhichislivingarea: Entertheareaofthemainlivingroomofthedwelling. JPA Designerwillcalculatethefractionthatformsofthetotalfloorarea.Thelivingroomisdefinedas theroommarkedontheplanastheloungeorlivingroom, orthelargestpublicroom. Theareaofotherroomswhicharenotseparatedfromthelivingroombydoorsshouldalsobeincluded. However, thelivingareacannotextendovermorethanonestorey.

• Buildingfaces: Selecttheorientationofthefrontfaceofthedwellingfromthelist.Thevalueisusedinconjunctionwiththewindoworientationdatatodeterminesolargain.

Forahouse, itisusuallyeasiesttotreattheelevationcontainingthefrontdoorasthefrontface; foranblockofflatsitmaybebettertotreatthefrontoftheblockasthefrontfaceforallflatsratherthansettingdifferentfrontorientationsforeachflat.

• Applicationdate; EnterthedateonwhichthedwellingwillbesubmittedtotheBuildingControlBody. Clickingthedownarrowwillopenacalendar.

17.1 Lowenergylighting

Theproportionoflowenergylightingisusedinthecalculationofelectricityconsumptionforlighting, withahigherproportionoflowenergylightingresultinginlowerelectricityuseandalowerDER.Theproportionoflowenergylightingisalsousedtotestcompliancewiththeminimumefficiencystandardsforfixedbuildingservices(criterion2inApprovedDocumentL1A):theDomesticBuildingServicesComplianceGuiderequiresaminimumof3outof4(0.75)lightfittingstobelowenergy.

Furtherinformationonlightingisgiveninchapter12oftheDomesticBuildingServicesComplianceGuide.

Thedatarequiredtodeterminetheproportionoflowenergylightingis:

CHAPTER17. DWELLING DIMENSIONS 85

• thetotalnumberoflightingunits, whichisenteredin Totalfixedlightingoutlets;

• the number of lowenergyfixed lightingunits, which is entered in Lowenergylightingunits.

Onceyouhaveenteredthatdatatheprogramwillcalculateanddisplaythe Fractionoflowenergylighting1.

Atthedesignstage, whenitisunlikelythattheexactnumberoflightingunitswillbeknown, the simplest strategy is to set the totalnumberofunits to10or20, then setthenumberoflowenergyunitstogivethecorrectproportion: 15outof20willgiveaproportionof0.75.

1ThischangeinthewaythefractionoflowenergylightingisenteredhasresultedfromachangemadetothedatasubmissionwhichaccompaniestheEPC,whichmeansitisnolongersufficientsimplytoenterthefraction.

18 Ventilation

Themovementofairfromtheinsidetotheoutsideofthedwellingwillresultinheatloss.SAP considerstwocomponentsofairmovement:

• Airinfiltrationthroughthebuildingfabric.

• Ventilation.

Dataforairmovementisenteredusingthe Ventilation tab(Figure 18.1), whichhassec-tionsforairinfiltrationandventilationstrategy.

Figure 18.1: TheVentilationtab

86

CHAPTER18. VENTILATION 87

18.1 Airinfiltration

Airinfiltrationrepresents unplanned airmovement: higherlevelsofairinfiltrationwillgivehigherDER values. Therateofairinfiltrationisexpressedintermsofthevolumeofairwhichpassesinonehourthroughasquaremetreofthesurfaceofthebuildingenvelope:m3/hm2. themeasureisoftenreferredtoasthe q50 value, afterthecalculationresultinBS EN 13829.TheDER calculationdoesnot requireanyspecificvalue forair infiltration, butPartLimposesuppercompliancelimitof 10m3/hm2 foralldwellings, whichwillbecheckedbypressuretesting. Designstagecalculationshavetoberevisedusingtheactualinfiltrationrateoncetestinghasbeencarriedout.Theonlyexceptiontothatregimeisfordevelopmentsofoneortwodwellings, whereanairpressuretestisnotrequired, solongastheDER iscalculatedusinganairinfiltrationrateof 15m3/hm2. ThatpresumedrateofairinfiltrationwillgiveahigherDER,whichmustthenbereducedbycompensatingimprovementstothebuildingfabricorservices.Therearethreemethodstoentertheairinfiltrationdataintothesoftware:

• Setadesigntestpressure, andreplaceitlaterbytheresultofthepressuretest.

• Onsmalldevelopments, useanassumedvalueof 15m3/hm2.

• Allowthesoftwaretocalculatetheinfiltrationratefromtheconstructiontypeandbuildingsize.

Thismethodisnotvalidfordemonstratingcomplianceunderbuildingregulations.

18.1.1 Pressuretestdata

Thetreatmentofadwellingsubjecttotheairpressuretestingregimedependsonwhetherapressuretestiscarriedoutonthedwelling, orwhetheritispartofagroupofdwellingsinwhichotherdwellingsaretested.Atthepre-constructionstage, thedesignpressuretestvalueshouldbeusedforalldwellings,butthefinalcalculation:

• fordwellingswhicharepressuretested: thepressuretestresult.

• fordwellingswhicharenotthemselvespressuretested: theaveragetestresultfordwellingsofthattype, plustwo.

Touseairpressuretestdata:

1. At Sourceofq50value select Pressuretest.

2. For pre-construction stagecalculationsentertheairpermeabilityinthe Designq50box, andsettheradiobuttonsto asdesigned.

3. Forpostcompletioncalculationsentereithertheresultoftheairpressuretest, ortheaveragetestvalueforthattypeofdwelling, andsettheradiobuttonsto asbuilt.

4. Ifthedwellinghasbeenpressuretestedtick Thisdwellinghasbeenpressuretested.TheDER calculationwillusethe Designq50 value. Ifyoudonottickthatboxtheprogramwillcarryoutthecalculationsusingtheq50valueplustwo.


18.1.2 UsingtheassumedairpermeabilityrateTheonlyexemptionto therequirement forair testingis fordwellingsonsmalldevel-opmentsofoneortwohouses: anairpressuretest isnotrequired, providedtheDERcalculationiscarriedoutusinganairpermeabilityof 15m3/hm2. Thathighvaluere-quirestheperformanceoftherestofthebuildingtobeimprovedtomeettheDER,inordertooff-setthepotentiallypoorair-permeability.Touseanassumedairpermeability:

1. At Sourceofq50value select Assumedvalue.

2. Tickthe Smalldevelopment box, whichindicatesthedwellingispartofadevelop-mentofoneortwodwellings. Ifyoudonotticktheboxthedwellingwillfailitscompliancechecks.

The Designq50 boxisnowfixedat 15m3/hm2.

18.1.3 UsingacalculatedairpermeabilityrateWhereadwellingisnotsubjecttotheairpressuretestingrequirementsofPartL anairper-meabilityvaluecanbeestimatedfrombasicdetailsoftheconstructionandconfigurationofthedwelling.

1. At Sourceofq50value select Calculated. Thetabshowsadditionaltextboxes.

2. Specify:

• theTypeofconstruction;

• whetherthereisadraughtlobby;

• thefloorconstruction;

• thenumberofstoreys.

3. ThesoftwarethencalculatesanairpermeabilityratebasedontheSAP defaults.

18.2 VentilationopeningsandshelteringInthe Ventilation sectionenterdetailsoftheventilationprovisionforthedwelling. Usetheboxestoenterthenumbersof:

• Chimneys: verticalductsforcombustiongaseswithdiametergreaterthan200mm.

• Flues: verticalductsforcombustiongaseswithdiameterlessthan200mm.

Thesecanbeassociatedwiththemainheatingsystem, orwithsecondaryorotherheating.

• Extract fansandpassivevents: intermittentextract fansinbathroomsandtoiletsandpassiveventsystems.

• Fluelessgasfires.

• Numberof Shelteredsides tothedwelling. Shelteredsidesreducetherateofairinfiltrationresultingfromexposuretowindforces.

Seesection2.5oftheSAP 2009documentationforfurtherguidance.


Figure 18.2: TheUserdefinedmechanicalventilationdialogue

18.3 Ventilationtype

Setthegeneraltypeofventilationusingthe Ventilationtypes radiobuttons(section2.6oftheSAP documentdescribesthedifferentventilationsystems). Iftheinstallationhasbeencarriedoutaspartofanapprovedinsulationschemetickthe Approvedinstallationscheme.

The Sourceofmechanicalventilationparameters sectiondetermineswhichefficiencydatatheprogramuses:

• Default: theperformancevaluesbuiltintotheSAP specification;

Thisistheonlyoptionfornaturalventilation, butforwholehouseventilation, pos-itiveinputventilationorwholehouseextractventilation, thedefaultperformancevaluesintheSAP specificationwillgivecomparativelypoorresults.

• Userdefined: allowsyou toenteryourownperformancevalues, suchas thosesuppliedbyproductmanufacturers:

1. Fromthe Sourceofmechanicalventilationparameters select Userdefined.

2. Clickthe Enterdetails button. The Userdefinedmechanicalventilation dia-logueopensandyoucannowenterthedata(Figure 18.2.


Figure 18.3: TheBRE VentilationDatabasedialogue

• Database: performancevalues from theProductCharacteristicsDatabasemain-tainedbyBRE.

1. Fromthe Sourceofmechanicalventilationparameters select Database.

2. Clickthe Lookup button. TheMechanicalVentilationDatabase dialogueopens(Figure 18.3).

3. Usethedrop-downtoselectthe Manufacturer. Thelistofavailableproductsappears.

4. Selectaproductbyclickingonit.

5. Specifythenumberof Wetroomsexcludingkitchen.

6. Iftheductworkisinsulatedtickthe Insulatedduct box.

7. Clickthe Usetheselectedsystem button. Thedialogueclosesandthesum-maryofthesystemisdisplayednexttothe Database radiobutton.


Inallcases, leavethebox 100%draught-stripping ticked.

19 Walls, roofsandfloors

Thedataontheopaquebuildingfabric–-walls, roofsandfloors–-isusedtocalculate:

• therateofconductionheatlossforthedwellingthroughthoseelementsandthejunctionsbetweenthem;

• thethermalmassofthedwelling.

InJPA Designeryoumustentertheareas, U-valuesand κ-valuesforeachofthebuild-ingelements(section 19.3), andalsoenterdetailsofthelinearthermalbridgingathejunctionsbetweentheelementsandattheedgesofopenings(section 19.4). Thedataisenteredusingthe Walls, roofs&floors tabofthe SAP Worksheetvalues dialogue(Fig-ure 19.1).

19.1 Definingbuildingelements

SAP 2009requiresdatafor all elementsofthebuildingfabric, notjusttheheatlossele-ments1. Youmustenterdatafor:

• Exposedelementswhichseparate thebuilding interior fromoutside, or fromanunheatedspace, orfromanadjacentoccupancywithadifferentheatingpattern.

• Partyelementswhichseparatethedwellingfromanotherspacewithasimilarheat-ingpattern.

• Internalwallsandfloors.

Thedatarequiredforeachelementdependsonitsfunction: theprincipleitemsbeing:

• Area: thesurfaceareaof theelement, in m2, whichshouldbemeasuredto theboundariesofinternalfinishedsurfaces. Ifyouhavechosentouse gross areasforopaqueelementsthereisnoneedtosubtracttheareasofopeningsfromwallorroofareas.

Whenaddinginternalwalls, theareasofbothsidesofthewallshouldbemeasured.1ThisisoneofthesignificantchangesindatagatheringbetweenSAP 2005(9.8x)andSAP 2009(9.90).

It is a result of thenewmethod for calculating theenergy required forheating, whichnowconsidersthethermalmassofthebuildingfabric: everyelementwhichcontributestothatthermalmasshastobeincludedinthecalculation.

92

CHAPTER19. WALLS,ROOFS AND FLOORS 93

Figure 19.1: TheWalls, RoofsandFloorstab

• U-value: therateofheat transfer throughtheelement. U-valuesshouldbecal-culatedtoBS EN ISO 6946andBS EN ISO 13370, followingtheguidanceinBR443. ConventionsforU-valuecalculations. TherequirementsforU-valuesfordif-ferentelementsaresummarisedin Table 19.2. NotethatforpartywallsbetweendwellingstheU-valuesmustbetakenfrom Table 19.1.

• κ-values(kappa-values): thisistheheatcapacityoftheelement, whichexpressestheamountofenergyrequiredtoraiseitstemperature. Table1eoftheSAP docu-mentcontainsadditionalinformationabout κ-values.

Table 19.1: U-valuesforpartywalls

Partywallconstruction U-value(W/m2K)

Solid 0.0Unfilledcavitywithnoeffectiveedgesealing 0.5Unfilledcavitywitheffectiveedgesealing 0.2A fullyfilledcavitywitheffectivesealing 0.0


Table 19.2: U-valuesforbuildingelements

Element U-value Notes

Exposedelement AscalculatedSemi-exposed Ascalculated RuadjustmenttoU-valuePartywallbetweendwellings From Table 19.1Partywall–similarheatingpattern 0.00W/m2KPartywall–differentheatingpattern HalfcalculatedvaluePartyfloor–similarheatingpattern 0.00W/m2KPartyfloor–differentheatingpattern HalfcalculatedvaluePartyceiling–similarheatingpattern 0.00W/m2KPartyceiling–differentheatingpattern HalfcalculatedvalueInternalwall N/A TakeareaofbothsidesInternalfloor N/AInternalceiling N/A

Figure 19.2: TheElementdialogue


19.2 TheElementdialogue

The Element Dialogueisusedtoenterdataoneachofthedwelling'sopaqueelements(see Figure 19.2): ittakesthefollowingdata:

• Element: Usethedrop-downtosetthe type ofelementfromthelist. TheelementtypeisusedforcheckingaverageU-values, soitisimportanttosettherightelementtype.

• Curtainwall: Tickthisboxifthewallelementconsistsofcurtainwalling.

Curtainwallinghastobetreateddifferentlyfromnormalwallsinordertoobtainthecorrectvaluesforheatlossandsolargains. Theareaofwallshouldbeenteredasnormal, buttheU-valuesettothatofthewholecurtainwallsystem. Thewindowareashouldalsobethatofthewholefacade, withthesameU-value.

• Construction: thedrop-downlistsanumberofcommonconstructionsforthespec-ifiedelementtype, andoffersaquickwayofsettingthe heatcapacity fortheele-ment. Alternatively, youcanleavetheconstructionblankandenterthe heatca-pacity directly.

• Partywalltype: thisdrop-downisonlydisplayedifthe Element isapartywall.

– Forapartywallbetweentwodwellingsselecttheappropriateconstruction:thatwillalsosetthe U-value.

– Forapartywallbetweenadwellingandanoccupancywhichis not adwellingignorethisbox.

• Storey: thisboxisonlydisplayedifthe Element isapartyfloororinternalfloor. Setthestoreynumber, relativetothebuilding(notjustthedwelling).

• When Element issetto internalfloors theprogramdisplaysthe Ceilingbelow drop-down: selecttheinternalceilingwhichformstheotherpartoftheinternalfloorconstruction.

Youmustthereforedefinetheinternalceilingelementsbeforeyouentertheinternalfloors.

• Heatcapacity: entertheheatcapacity(κ-value)fortheelement: ifyouhavese-lecteda Construction itsdefaultheatcapacitywillalreadybeentered.

• Area: Entertheareaoftheelement.

Ifyouhavechosentousegrossareasthetextabovethe Area boxwillread EnterareasINcludingdoors, windowsrooflights. Ifitreads EXcludingdoors, windowsrooflights youmustenternetareas.

• U-value: Enter the U-value in the textbox. Ifyouhavealreadycarriedout theU-valuecalculationinthesameJPA DesignerprojectyoucanselectitusingtheLinktothisU-valuecalculation drop-down: thatcreatesapermanentlinkbetweentheelementintheSAP calculationandtheU-valuecalculation; thesoftwarewillupdatetheSAP calculationiftheU-valuechanges.


• Effectivethermalresistanceofunheatedspace(Ru): The Ru coefficientisusedtoadjusttheU-valueofanelementtoallowforthebeneficialeffectofanenclosedbutunheatedspacetoitsexterior. Thecommonestunheatedspacesareintegralgaragesinhousesandaccesscorridorstoapartmentblocks: somepartsofroom-in-the-roofconstructionsarealsotreatedasunheatedspaces. Valuesfor Ru aregiveninsection3.3oftheSAP documentation; clickingthe Help displaystherelevantguidance.

• Description: Anoptional textdescriptionof theelement canbeentered in theDescriptiontextbox. A descriptionmakesiteasiertodistinguishbetweenseveralelementsofthesametypewheneditingacalculation.

• Perimeter and Cost: theseboxesshouldbeignored.

19.3 Managingbuildingelements

Toaddanewelement:

1. Clickthe New button; the NewElement dialogueopens.

2. EnterthedatafortheelementthenclickOK.JPA Designershowsthesummarydatanewelementintheelementlist.

Toeditanelement:-

1. Click theelement toedit thenclick the Edit button. The EditElement dialogueopens.

2. Makethechangestotheelement, thenclick OK.

Toduplicateanelement:-

1. Selecttheelementtoduplicatebyclickingonitonce.

2. Clickthe Duplicate button. A copyoftheelementiscreated.

3. Selectthenewelementandclick Edit tomakechanges.

Todeleteanelement:-

1. Selecttheelementtodeletebyclickingonitonce.

2. Clickthe Delete button. A confirmdialogueappears.

3. Click Yes todeletetheelement, or No tocancelthedeletion.


19.4 Linearthermalbridging

Besidescalculatingtherateofheatloss through thebuildingelementsSAP alsocalculatestherateofheatlossatthejunctions between thoseelementsandaroundopenings, whichresultsfromlinearthermalbridging. Therearethreepossiblemethodsforenteringdataonthermalbridging.

1. Calculatingthetotalheatlossfromthermalbridgingatjunctions, Htb, byenteringthelengthand ψ-value(psi-value)foreachjunctiontype(subsection 19.4.1).

2. Useasimplifiedmethodbasedonacalculated y factor(subsection 19.4.2).

3. Useasimplifiedmethodbasedonadefault y factor(subsection 19.4.3.

FurtherinformationonthetreatmentoflinearthermalbridgingcanbefoundinAppendixK oftheSAP document.

19.4.1 TheHtbcalculation

AnaccuratecalculationofHtbrequiresthelengthand ψ-valueofeachjunction. Thelengthshouldbeobtainedbymeasurementfromthedesigndrawings: itisacceptabletosumthelengthofseparatejunctionsofthesametype, forexample, addingtogetherthelengthsofallthewindowjambs. The ψ-valuecanbeobtainedfromanumberofsources:

• whereanaccreditedconstructiondetailisused, the ψ-valueforthatdetail.

• wherea ψ-valuehasbeencalculated, the ψ-valueforthatdetail.

NotethattherequirementinApprovedDocumentL1A toincreasesuchcalculatedbutnon-accredited ψ-valuesbythegreatestof0.02or25%willnotbeintroduceduntilthirdpartyaccreditationschemesareoperating.

• adefaultvaluefromthefinalcolumnoftableK.1intheSAP 2009document.

ThedatafortheHtbcalculationisenteredusingthe CalculateHTB dialogue(Figure 19.3whichlistsallthejunctiontypesassignedtothedwelling, showingforeachone:

• theaccreditedlinearthermaltransmittance, whichrepresentsthe ψ-valueforthecorrespondingaccreditedconstructiondetail;

• theachievedlinearthermaltransmittanceforthejunction;

• thelengthofthedetail, inmetres;

• therateofheatlossthroughthejunction, W/K.

Thebuttonsatthebottomofthedialogueallowyouto Add, Edit and Delete junctions.

Tousethe CalculateHtb dialogue:

1. Inthe ThermalBridging sectionselect EnterHTB valuemanually.


Figure 19.3: TheCalculateHtbdialogue

2. Clickthe Calculateit button. The CalculateHtb dialogueopens.

Toaddajunction:

1. Click Add. The Junction dialogueopens.

2. Selectthe Junctiontype fromthedrop-down.

3. Entera Description; thisisoptional, butaddingadescriptionwillmakeiteasiertomanagethecalculation.

4. Enterthe Achievedlinearthermaltransmittance: thisisthe ψ-value.

Theprogramwillofferstandardvaluesbasedonthejunctiontype.

5. Enterthe Detaillength, thetotallengthofthejunction, inmetres.

6. Setthe Sourceofvalue.

Currentlythissimplyrecordsthesource: inthefutureitwillbeusedtotriggerthepenaltyoncalculated, butnon-accrediteddetails.


Figure 19.4: TheJunctiondialogue

7. Click OK.Thejunctionisaddedtothe CalculateHtb dialogue.

Therearetwoadditionalpointstonotewhenaddingjunctions:

• there isadistinctionbetween junctions toexposedwallsand junctions topartywalls: thelattercommonlyhavelower ψ-values.

• ifthedwellinghascurtainwallingthereisnoneedtoincludethelengthsofthewindowsurroundsasthethermalbridgingheatlosseswillhavebeenincludedintheoverallU-valueforthecurtainwallsystem.

AccreditedconstructiondetailsforEnglandandWalesareavailableonthePlanningPor-tal: http://www.planningportal.gov.uk/. ThoseforScotlandfromtheScottishGovernmentwebsite: http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Built-Environment.

19.4.2 User-calculatedyfactor

AnapproximatevalueforHtb canbeobtainedbymultiplyingthetotalareaoftheexposedelements(floors, wallsandroofs)byafactor, y. Thisproceduremaybeusedwhere y hasbeencalculatedforthattypeandconfigurationofdwelling. Touseacalculatedvaluefory:


1. Inthe ThermalBridging sectionselect Enteryvaluemanually.

2. Enterthevaluefor y inthebox.

3. Enterareferenceforthecalculatedvalueof y inthe Calcref box.

Thereferencemustrefertothecalculationusedtoobtainthestatedvalue.

19.4.3 Defaultyfactor

Anapproximatevaluefor Htb mayobtainedbyusingthesimplifiedcalculationmethodwitha y factorof0.15: thisrepresentstheuseofdetailswhicharenotaccreditedcon-structiondetails, andwillgiveapoorresult.

Tousethismethodselect Notaccreditedconstructiondetails inthe ThermalBridgingsection. Nootherdataisrequired.

19.5 Thermalmass

Therearethreemethodsforenteringdataonthethermalmassofthebuildingfabric:

1. Setthe κ-valueforallexposed, partyandinternalelements. Theprogramcalcu-latesthethermalmassparameter(TMP) fromthosevaluesandtheareasofthoseelements; theresultisdisplayedinthe TMP box.

Thisisthemostaccurateandstraightforwardmethod.

2. EnteraTMP valuewhichhasbeencalculatedelsewhere. Tick UserdefinedTher-malMassParameter thenenterthevalueinthe TMP box.

3. Useoneofthethreedefaultthermalmassparameters. Tick UserdefinedThermalMassParameter thenselectathermalmasscategoryfromthe Thermalmass dropdown.

20 Openings

Openingsinwallsandroofs–windows, doors, affectthreeaspectsoftheSAP calculation:

• Heatloss: assessedthroughtheU-value.

• Solargain: assessedthroughthegwindowvalue.

• Daylighting: assessedthroughthetypeofglazing.

Dataonopeningsisenteredusingthe Openings tabofthe SAP WorksheetValues dia-logue(Figure 20.1). Thetabliststhedwelling'swindows, doorsandrooflights, groupingthemaccordingtothebuildingelementintheysit. Thebuttonsbelowthelistallowyoutocreate, editanddeleteopenings. ForeachopeningthedataisenteredusingtheDoors,Windows&Rooflights dialogue1 (section 20.1).

Todefineanewopening:

1. IntheOpenings tabclickthe New button. The NewDoors, Windows&Rooflightsdialogueopens.

2. Enterthedatafortheopeningandclick OK.

Toduplicateanopening:

Duplicatinganopeningcreatesanewcopyoftheoriginalopeningwhichcanthenbeedited: asmostopeningswillsharethesameglazingandframetype, usingtheduplicatefacilitycanspeedupdataentry.

1. Inthe Openings tabselecttheopeningyouwanttoduplicate.

2. Clickthe Duplicate button. A copyoftheopeningiscreated.

3. Doubleclickontheduplicatedopeningtoeditit.

Toeditanexistingopening:1Youcanentereachopeningindividually, oryoucangrouptheopeningsoneachfaceofthebuilding

intoonearea, providedtheyhavethesameframeandglazingtype.

101

CHAPTER20. OPENINGS 102

Figure 20.1: TheOpeningstab

1. Doubleclickontheopeninginthelistinthe Openings tab. The EditDoors, Win-dowsandRooflights dialogueopens.

Alternatively, youcanselecttheopeningthenclickthe Edit button.

2. Makeyourchangesthenclick OK.

Todeleteanopening:

1. Selecttheopeninginthelistinthe Openings tab.

2. Clickthe Delete button. A confirmationdialogueappears.

3. Click Yes todeletetheopening, or No toretainit.

TochangemultipleU-values:

ThisfunctionenablesyoutorevisetheU-valuesofseveralopeningsatonce.

1. Selectthefirstoftheopeningsbyclickingonitonce.


Figure 20.2: ChangingtheU-valuesofseveralopeningsatthesametime

2. Holddownthe <Shift> keyandclickthelastoftheopenings. Thatopening, andalltheopeningsbetweenthefirstandlastarenowselected.

3. Clickthe ChangeU-valueofselectedopenings button. The ChangeMultipleU-values dialogueopens(Figure 20.2).

4. EnterthenewU-valuethenclick OK.TheU-valuesarechanged.

20.1 TheWindows, DoorsandRooflightsdialogue

The Doors, Windows&Rooflights dialogueisusedtoenterthedataabouttheopeningswithinthedwelling(Figure 20.3: thedialogueisheadedeither NewDoors, Windows&Rooflights or EditDoors, Windows&Rooflights). Thedialoguerequiresthefollowingdata:

• OpeningType: Usethedrop-downtoselectwhetheritisawindow, rooflightordoor.

• Openingwithin: Usethedrop-downtoselectwhichelement(wall, roof)whichcontainstheopening. Thesoftwareusesthisinformationtocalculatethenetar-easof theelements. Theelementsoffered in thedrop-downwillonlybe thoseappropriateforthe Openingtype.

Forexample, ifyouhaveset the Openingtype to Window, the Openingwithindrop-downwillshowonlywalls. Similarly, ifyouchose Rooflight, then Openingwithin willshowonlyroofelements.

• Glazing: Usethedrop-downtoselectthetypeofglazing, consideringthenumberofleavesofglass, thegaswithinthecavityorcavitiesandanylowemissivity(low-E)coating.

Evenifyougoontoenteramanufacturer'sU-valueand/orgwindowvalueyoumuststillmakeaselectionheretosetthecorrectparametersfordaylight.

• Double-glazingairgap: Usetheradiobuttonstoselectoneofthedefaultvaluesorenteryourownvalue. Ifthegapisgreaterthan16mmselect Other andenterawidthinthebox.


Figure 20.3: TheEditDoors, Windows&Rooflightsdialogue

• Frametype: Usetheradiobuttonstoselecttheframematerialand, formetalframes,thedepthofthethermalbreak.

• SourceofU-value: Ifyouselect Default thesoftwarewillusethebuilt-invaluesfortheU-valueandsolartransmittance. Ifyouselect Manufacturer thesoftwarewillexpectyoutoenteraU-value, butwilluseadefaultsolartransmittancebasedontheglazingandframetype. Ifyouselect BFRC data thesoftwarewillexpectyoutoenteraU-valueandsolarfactor(gwindowvalue). ThegwindowvaluemustbecertifiedbytheBritishFenestrationRatingCouncil.

• U-value: If sourceofU-value issettoDefault thisboxwillbegreyedout. OtherwiseenterthemanufacturersuppliedU-value.

• gwindowvalue: OnlyenteragwindowvalueinhereifitisBFRC certified.

• Area: Youcanentertheopeningareadirectlyintothe Area box, oryoucanselectasizefromthe Windowsize drop-down, oryoucanenterthe Width and Heightoftheopening.

Note: the Area isenteredinmetressquare, butthevaluesfor Width and Heightareenteredinmillimetres(mm). Wherethereisanoverhangabovethewindow


youshouldusetheWidth and Height boxes, toensurethesoftwarecorrectlytakesaccountoftheovershadinginthesummeroverheatingcalculation.

• Description: TheDescriptionboxallowsyou toentera textdescription for theelement. Thedescriptiondoesnotaffect theoutcomeofthecalculation. Ifyouhaveenteredamanufacturer'sU-valuethesoftwarerequiresadescription.

Westronglyrecommendyouusethedescriptionboxtoenterashortdescriptionforeveryopening, suchasitsnumberonthewindowanddoorschedule: itismucheasiertokeeptrackofopeningsinthecalculationwhenyouhaveadescription.

• Openingorientation: Thedirectioninwhichtheopeningfacesdetermineshowmuchlightitwillreceiveandwillthereforeaffecthowmuchsolarfluxwillpassthroughtheopening. Theorientationofanopeningissetrelativetothefronteleva-tionofthedwelling: usuallythatwhichcontainsthefrontdoor. Settheorientationusingtheradiobuttons. Rooflightsalwaysface Top. Ifyouareunsurewhichwaythebuildingwillbefacingthenselect Unspecified.

Makesurethe Front elevationhereisthesameoneyouselectedinthe Buildingfaces drop-downinthe Dimensions tab.

• Overhang: Featuressuchasbalconiesorbrisesoleilwhichoverhangawindowwillreducetheamountofsunlightfallingonitinsummer, andsoreducetheriskofoverheating. Ifthereissuchanoverhangenterits Width and Depth, bothinmm.Thedepthismeasuredfromtheouteredgeoftheoverhangtotheexternalfaceoftheglazing.

• Blinds, curtainsandexternalshutters: Thesewillalsoreducetheamountofsolargainandtheriskofoverheatinginsummer. Usethedrop-downtoselectthetypeofshadingandthensetthe Fractionofdaylighthoursclosed.

AppendixP oftheSAP documentationgivessomeguidanceofreasonableassump-tionsfortheseoccupant-determinedvalues.

• Overshading: Theextenttowhichtheskyisobscuredbytreesandneighbouringbuildingswilldeterminetheamountofsunlightandsolarfluxpassingthroughtheglazing. Set thedegreeofovershadingusing the radiobuttons. Select Averageorunknown ifyoucannotestablishtheamountofovershading. TheSAP guidancedisallowstheuseofthe Verylittle overshadingcategoryfornewdwellingsasitdoesnottakeaccountofconditionslikelytoapplyoverthewholelifeofthebuilding.

20.2 Editingmultipleopenings

Changingthespecificationforopeningsoncetheyhavebeenaddedtoacalculationcanbeatimeconsumingprocess. JPA Designerhastwotoolstomaketheprocessquicker,byenablingyoutocopyingcertainpartsofthewindowdataforonewindowtootherwindowsinthedwellingorproject. Theonlydataitemscopiedtothewindowsare:

• Glazing.

• Doubleglazingairgap.


• Frametype.

• gwindowvalue.

Tocopyvaluesbetweenopenings:

1. Openonewindowinthe EditDoors, Windows&Rooflights dialogue(Figure 20.3).

2. Adjustthedataforthewindow, ifnecessary.

3. Clickoneoftwobuttons:

• Copy these values to all this building'swindows: clicking this button setsthewindowdataforallwindowsinthedwellingtothatthecurrentlyviewedwindow.

• Copy these values to all thebuildings in thisproject: clicking thisbuttonsetsthewindowdataforallwindowsinallthedwellingsintheJPA Designerprojecttothatthecurrentlyviewedwindow.

4. JPA Designerdisplaysaconfirmationdialogue. Click Yes tocarryoutthechanges,or No toignorethem.

Theoperationcannotbeun-doneautomatically.

21 Waterheating

SAP considerstheamountofenergyusedtoheatdomestichotwatersuchasthatusedforbathing, laundryanddishwashing. Thedemandforhotwaterisbaseduponthefloorareaofthedwelling. DataondomestichotwaterisenteredusingtheWaterheating tabofthe SAP Worksheetvalues dialogue(Figure 21.1.

Thefirststepistoselectthetypeofwaterheatingsystemusingthe Sourceofdomes-tichotwater drop-box. Onceyouhavemadeaselectiontheprogramwilldisplaytheappropriatedataentryfields. Thehotwatersourcesare:

• Hotwaterstoragetank.

• Instantaneouswaterheatingatpointofuse.

• Combinationboiler.

• Communityheatingscheme.

• Multi-pointgaswaterheaterorheatexchangebuiltintoagaswarmairsystem.

• Boilerwiththermalstore.

• Combinedprimarystorageunit(CPSU).

• MicroCHP orHeatpump.

Use thisoption forheatpumpwithdata taken from theProductCharacteristicsDatabase(section 22.2. Forallotherheatpumpsuse Hotwaterstoragetank.

• Communityheatingschemeprovidingdomestichotwateronly.

21.1 Hotwaterstoragetank

Thissystemshouldbeselectedwherethehotwaterwhichisheatedbythecentralheatingboilerorimmersioncoil, thenstoredinatankorcylinderreadyforuse(Figure 21.1). Enterthefollowingdataforthetank:

• Hotwatertankvolume: selectoneofthedefaultvaluesorentertheactualvolumeinthe Volume drop-down.

107

CHAPTER21. WATER HEATING 108

Figure 21.1: TheWaterheatingtab, showingsettingsforahotwaterstoragetank

• Storagetankinsulation: usetheradiobuttonstoselectthetypeofinsulation, thenenterits Thickness inmm.

• Declaredlossfactor: Usetheboxtoenteraheatlossfactorsuppliedbythetankmanufacturer, insteadofrelyingonthedefaultvaluesinSAP 2009.

Themeansofheatingthehotwatermustbespecifiedusingthe Hotwatertankheaterradiobuttons:

• Singleelectricimmersionheater: asinglecoilelectricimmersionheaterinthetank;

• Dualelectricimmersionheater: adualcoilelectricimmersionheaterinthetank:thiswillusuallybeassociatedwithanoff-peaktariff, inwhichcasetick Offpeakelectricityimmersionheaters.

• Boilerfeed: thisindicatesaheatsourcewhichalsoprovidesspaceheating, suchasanoilorgasboiler, oradefaultefficiencyheatpump. Thereareadditionalboxestoindicate:

– thehotwaterisprovidedbythesecondmainheatingsystem;

– thehotwaterisprovidedbythesecondaryheatingsystem, whichmightbeasolidfuelroomheaterwithabackboiler;

– adefaultefficiencyheatpumpissupplementedbyanimmersionheaterinthesummer.


Figure 21.2: Enteringaninstantaneoushotwaterheater

• Hotwateronlyboiler: adedicatedunitwhichsuppliesdomestichotwateronly.Usethedrop-downtoselectthetypeofboiler, thenspecifythe Fuel.

Usethefourlowerboxestoindicatewhether:

• thehotwatertank(cylinder)isintheheatedspace;

• thereisathermostatinthehotwatertank(cylinder)(requiredbyDomesticBuildingServicesComplianceGuide);

• theprimarypipeworkbetweentheboilerandtankisinsulated(tickboxonlydis-playedifboilerfeedisselected)(requiredbyDomesticBuildingServicesCompli-anceGuide;

• thereisaseparatetimerforthedomestichotwater.

If thedwellinghassolarpanelscompletethe Solarpaneldetails sectionofthe Waterheating tab(section 21.10).

21.2 Instantaneouswaterheatingatpointofuse

Forasystemwhichheatsthewateron-demandatthepointofuse, youneedonlyselectthe Fuel usingtheradiobuttons.

21.3 Combinationboiler

Combinationboilersprovideheatingandhotwater: theymaybeinstantaneous(withupto15litresstorage), ortheymaycontainsmallprimaryorsecondarystoragetanks(seeAppendixB oftheSAP 2009documentfordefinitions). Usethe Combinationboilertyperadiobuttonstoselectthetype.

Ifyouhaveselected Instantaneous thereisnofurtherdatatoenter. Foraboilerwithaprimary or secondary storeenterthefollowingdata:



Figure 21.3: Hotwateroptionsforcombinationboilers



If thedwellinghassolarpanelscompletethe Solarpaneldetails sectionofthe Waterheating tab(see section 21.10).

21.4 Communityheatingscheme

Thehotwaterfordwellingsheatedbycommunityheatingschemescanprovidedbyim-mersionheatersorbyaheatexchangerfedfromthescheme. Inallcasesspecifythehotwatertankheater. Theremaybeadditionaldatarequired, dependingontheconfigurationofthesystem:

• Wherethereisneitherahotwater tanknoraheatexchangeinthedwellingnofurtherdataisrequired.

• Ifthereisahotwatertankwithinthedwellingtick DHW cylinderwithindwelling,thestandarddataboxesfora Hotwatertank willthenbedisplayed. Enterthetankdetails(section 21.1)andtick DHW cylinderwithindwelling

• Ifthereisnotankandthehotwaterisprovidedbyaheatexchanger, tick DHWcylinderwithindwelling, thestandarddataboxesfora Hotwatertank willthenbedisplayed. Enterthevolumeoftheheatexchangeranddetailsofitsinsulationandtick DHW cylinderwithindwelling


21.5 Multi-pointgaswaterheaterorheatexchangebuiltintoagaswarmairsystem

Thisrepresentssystemswithonegas-firedwaterheaterprovidinghotwatertoanumberofoutlets, orawaterheaterwhichusesaheatexchangerbuiltintoawarmairheatingsystem. Enterthefollowingdata:


Figure 21.4: Dataentryforgaswaterheatersorheatexchangers




Usethefourlowerboxestoindicatewhether:






21.6 Boilerwiththermalstore

Inthesesystemsathermalstorecontainswaterheatedbyaseparateboiler, withdomestichotwaterprovidedbymeansofheatexchangerwithinthestore.

Enterthefollowingdataforthestore:




Figure 21.5: Dataentryforathermalstorehotwatersystem


Thehotwatertankheaterwillalwaysbe Boilerfeed.

Usetheradiobuttonsandtickboxestoindicatewhether:

• Thethermalstoreisintegratedorhotwateronly.

• Thethermalstoreisinanairingcupboard.

• Thethermalstoreisclosecoupled.

Closecoupledmeans thestore iseitherwithin thesamecasingas theboiler, orseparatedfromtheboilerbynomorethan1.5mofinsulatedpipework.

• Thereisaseparatetimertothethermalstorefortheheatingstore.

Usethefourlowertickboxestoindicatewhether:





Ifthedwellinghassolarpanelscompletethe Solarpanel sectionofthe Waterheatingtab(see section 21.10).


Figure 21.6: DataentryforCPSU hotwatersupply

21.7 Combinedprimarystorageunit(CPSU)

A CombinedPrimaryStorageUnitprovideshotwaterbymeansofheatexchangerwithintheprimarystore. Enterthefollowingdataforthetank:




Usetheradiobuttonsanddrop-downstoindicate:

• whetherthe CPSU isinanairingcupboard;

• the winteroperatingtemperatureoftheCPSU;

• the sizeoftheCPSU cylinder.

Usethelowerboxestoindicatewhether:

• theCPSU asa separatetimerfortheheatingstore;







21.8 MicroCHP orheatpump

Inthesesystemsthehotwaterisprovidedbyeitheradomestic-sizedcombinedheatandpower(microCHP) systemorbymeansofaheatpumpenteredbymeansoftheProductCharacteristicsDatabase(section 22.2) 1.

ForamicroCHP systemtheonlyoptionsarewhetherthereis:

• asummertimeimmersionheaterforhotwater;

• ahotwatervesselwithinthemicroCHP system;

• aseparatetimerfordomestichotwater.

Forheatpumpthestandardmethodistoacceptthedatabasevalues, inwhichcaseitisonlynecessarytospecifywhetherthereis:

• asummertimeimmersionheaterforhotwater;

• ahotwatervesselwithinthemicroCHP system;

• aseparatetimerfordomestichotwater.

However, itispossibletooverridethevaluesbyticking Overrideheatpumpdatabasevalues. Thetabnowshowsthe Hotwatertank databoxes:




• Heatpumpheatexchangerarea: Entertheareaoftheheatexchangerplatesin m2.

Ifthedwellinghassolarpanelscompletethe Solarpanel sectionofthe Waterheatingtab(section 21.10).


Figure 21.7: Settingsforacommunityheatingschemewhichsuppliesonlydomestichotwater

21.9 Communityheatingschemeprovidingdomestichotwateronly

Thissystemrepresentshotwaterprovisionbyacommunityheatingschemewhichdoesnot providethespaceheating. Thesystemcanhaveseveralheatsources.

Tospecifysuchasystem:

• Setthe Sourceofdomestichotwater to Communityheating-domestichotwateronly (Figure 21.7).

• Setthe HeatSources forthesystem(subsection 21.9.1.

• Setthemethodof charging forthehotwatersupply, usingthedrop-down: thiswilleitherbeaflatratechargefortheheating, orwillbelinkedtohotwaterusage.

• Setthe distribution methodusingthedrop-down.

• Ifthereisasolarpanellinkedtothesystementeritsdetails(section 21.10).

• IfthereisahotwatertankorcylinderwithinthedwellingtickDHW cylinderwithindwelling: additionaldataboxeswillbedisplayedfor:

– Hotwatertankvolume: selectoneofthedefaultvaluesorentertheactualvolumeinthe Volume drop-down.

– Storagetankinsulation: usetheradiobuttonstoselectthetypeofinsulation,thenenterits Thickness inmm.

– Declaredlossfactor: Usetheboxtoenteraheatlossfactorsuppliedbythetankmanufacturer, insteadofrelyingonthedefaultvaluesinSAP 2009.

1WheretheheatpumphasbeenenteredusingthedefaultefficiencyfiguresinSAP and not theProductCharacteristicsDatabasethenyoushouldselectHotwaterstoragetank asthesourceofdomestichotwater.


Figure 21.8: Settingaheatsourceforcommunityheating/hotwater

21.9.1 Heatsources

Communityheatingandhotwaterschemescanbefedbyavarietyofheatsourcesin-cludingconventionalboilers, heatpumps, combinedheatandpowersystemsandevengeothermal. The Heatsources boxliststhesourcesfordomestichotwater(Figure 21.7):sourcescanbeaddedandeditedusingthebuttonsnexttothebox:

• the New button, whichopensthe Heatsource dialoguereadyfornewdata;

• the Edit button, whichopensthe Heatsource dialogueshowingtheselectedheatsource.

• the Delete buttonwhichremovestheselectedheatsource.

The HeatSource dialogue(Figure 21.8 requires:

• thetypeofheatsource, selectedfromthe Heatsource drop-down.

• thefuel, selectedfromthe Fuel drop-down.

• theproportionofthetotalenergyloadprovidedbythatsource. Enterafractionbetween0and1inthe Heatfraction box.

• theefficiencyofthatheatsource. Enterasapercentageinthe Efficiency box.

Formostsourcestheefficiencywillbelessthan100, butforheatpumpstheeffi-ciencymaybeconsiderablyhigher.


Figure 21.9: Dataentryforsolarwaterheating

21.10 Solarpanels

Solarpanelsusesunlighttopre-heatwaterforthedomestichotwatersystem. GuidanceonincludingsolarpanelsinthecalculationisgiveninAppendixH oftheSAP documen-tation. Wherepossibledatafromthepanel'stestcertificateshouldbeused, otherwiseusedatafromtableH1oftheSAP documentation.

Whereadwellinghassolarpanels, specify:

• Thenet Apertureareaofsolarcollector, insquaremetres.

• The Zero-lossefficiencyofthecollector.

• The heatlosscoefficient ofthecollector.

• Thevolumeofthe dedicatedsolarstorage. SeefigureH2oftheSAP documentationfordefinitions.

• Whetherthereisa separatesolarcylinder.

• The solarcollectortype, usingtheradiobuttons.

• The pitch ofthepanels, measuredfromthehorizontal, andtheir orientation.

• Theamountof overshading onthepanels; generallythiswillbelessthantheover-shadingofwindowsfacingthesamedirection.

• Whetherthereisasolarpoweredpump. Thiswillreducetheamountofelectricityusedforpumpingwater.

22 Primaryheating

Theprimaryheatingsystemisthemainheatingsystemforthedwelling, whichwilloftenprovidehotwateraswellasspaceheating; itisusuallynotbasedonindividualroomheaters. Dataontheprimaryheatingsystemisenteredusingthe Primaryheating tab(Figure 22.1).

22.1 Dwellingswithtwomainheatingsystems

SAP 2009canaccountfortheuncommoncaseofadwellinghavingtwomainheatingsystems, whicharedesignedtoheatthehousetogether. (Thisshouldnotbeconfusedwithsecondaryheatingappliances, suchasgasfiresorwood-burningstoves, whicharedesignedtoprovideadditionalheatforindividualrooms.) Thetwosystemsmaybecon-figuredtoheattheallthedwellingtogether, ortoheatpartsofitseparately.

Tospecifytwoheatingsystems:

1. Tick Dwellinghastwomainheatingsystems. Theprogramnowdisplaysapairofradiobuttons, Mainheatingsystem1 and Mainheatingsystem2 (Figure 22.2).

2. With Mainsystem1 selected, entertheproportionofthedwelling'sspaceheatingdemandwhichisprovidedbythatsysteminthe Fraction box(thefractionshouldbeintherange0.0–1.0).

3. Ifbothsystemsheatthewholehousetickthebox Bothsystemsheatwholehouse.

Thisaffectsthetreatmentofthehotwatersystem.

4. Specifythefirstsysteminthe Primaryheating tab.

5. Click Mainsystem2 andspecifythesecondsysteminthe Primaryheating tab.

Youcanalwaysswitchbetweenthesystemsusingtheradiobuttons: thelargenumberatthetoprightofthe Primaryheating tabindicateswhichofthetwosystemsyouareworkingon.

118

CHAPTER22. PRIMARY HEATING 119

Figure 22.1: Theprimaryheatingtab

Figure 22.2: Configuringadwellingwithtwomainheatingsystems

22.2 Efficiencydataforheatingsystems

Therearethreepossiblesourcesofefficiencydataforheatingsystems:

• defaultvaluesgiveninTable4oftheSAP 2009document.

• user-enteredefficiencies: thiscanbeusefulatthedesignstagewhennoappliancehasbeenspecified.

• datafromtheProductCharacteristicsDatabase(PCD, subsection 22.2.1): thisgivesthemostaccuratevaluesforspecificappliances.

Forsomesystems(forexample, gas-firedwarmairsystems)onlythedefaultSAP 2009efficienciesmaybeused, whilstforothers(forexample, gascondensingboilers)anyofthethreesourcesisacceptable. NotethatheatpumpsmustbespecifiedeitherusingthePCD,orbyacceptingthedefaultefficiencies: microCHP systemscanonlybespecifiedbymeansofthePCD.


22.2.1 TheProductCharacteristicsDatabase

TheProductsCharacteristicsDatabase(PCD) containsperformancedataforgas, oilandsolidfuelboilers, heatpumps, mechanicalventilationsystemsandsomerenewabletech-nologies(section 26.4). ThedatabaseismaintainedbytheBRE andisavailablefordown-loadatwww.boilers.org.uk. A newversionofthedatabaseisissuedattheendofeverymonth.

Toensureyouareusinganup-to-dateversionofthedatabase, JPA Designercheckstheissuedateeverytimeyoustarttheprogram: ifthedatabaseismorethanamontholdthesoftwarepromptsyoutodownloadthelatestversion. Youcanalsodownloadthedatabaseyourself.

Todownloadthedatabase:

1. Withyourwebbrowsergotowww.boilers.org.uk.

2. Onthehomepageclickon DownloadtheBoilerEfficiencyDatafile.

3. RightclickontheDownload buttonfor SAP 2009–unzippedfile(.dat), andchooseSavetargetas. Thedownloadbegins.

The .datfile is larger than theothers, but is simpler to install. Onabroadbandinternetconnectionthedifferenceinsizeisnegligible.

4. Inthe SaveAs dialogueselectthe JPA Designer981 folderandacceptthesuggestedfilename bedf2009.dat.

5. Atthewarning bedf2009.datalreadyexists. Doyouwanttoreplaceit click Yes.

6. Atthe Downloadcomplete dialogueclick Close.

7. IntheJPA Designer ProjectManager windowselect File>Re-loadProductChar-acteristicsDataFile.

22.2.2 SEDBUK efficiencies

OneofthesignificantdifferencesbetweenSAP 2005andSAP 2009isachangeinthecalculationmethodforSEDBUK efficiencyratingsforboilers; thechangehasresultedinthegeneralloweringofefficiencies. WhilstJPA Designerallowsyoutoentereither2005or2009SEDBUK ratings, youshouldbeensureyoudonotenteravaluecompatiblewiththe2005ratingifyouhaveselectedthe2009rating; youmayfindyouhaveenteredavaluewhichcannotbeachievedbyanyboilerinthedatabase.

22.3 Themainprimaryheatingsystems

Therearesevenmaingroupsofprimaryheatingsystem1: thefollowingsectionsdescribehowtoenterdatafortheeachgroup. Inallcases(exceptcommunityheatingschemes),startbyusingthedrop-boxestosetthe:

1Notethat none isnotanacceptableheatingoptionforanewdwelling.


• Group;

• Sub-group;

• System;

• Fuel;

• Heatingcontrols.

Alwaysworkfrom Group downwards, astheoptionsinthelowerdrop-boxeschangeaccordingtotheselectionsmadehigherup. Onceyouhavesetallthedropboxesyoushouldenteranyotherrequirementsforthatgroupthenenteranyadditionaldata.

22.3.1 Centralheatingsystemswithradiatorsorunderfloorheating

Thisgroupcoverswetcentralheatingsystemswithradiators, underfloorpipes, orfancoilunits: theheatcanbeprovidedbygas, oil, solidfuelorelectricboilers, heatpumpsormicroCHP units. Tospecifysuchsystems, set:

• the Group, Sub-group, System, Fuel, Heatingcontrols and Electricitytariff;

• the Heatemitters;

Notethatwhen Sub-group issettoHeatpumpstheadditionaloptionof Fancoilunits isshown. It ispossible tocombineunderfloorheatingwithradiators: tickUnderfloorheatingalsohasradiators.

• theefficiencyoftheboiler(subsubsection 22.3.1.1;

• additional items such as loadorweather compensator, boiler interlock (recom-mended)andifthecentralheatingpumpisinaheatedspace(affectsinternalgains).

22.3.1.1 Boilerefficiency

Theefficiencyoftheboilerorotherheatsourcecanbeenteredinoneofthreeways.

TousethePCD:

1. Selectthe Selectfromtheboilerdatabase radiobutton.

2. Clickthe Selectboiler button. The BRE BoilersDatabase dialogueopens(Figure 22.3).

3. Selectthe Boilermanufacturer fromthedrop-down. Theprogramthendisplaysthelistofavailableboilers.

4. Scrolldownthelistandclickonaboilertoselectit. Youcanscrollsidewaystoviewthedetailsofeachboiler, suchasitsefficiencyandconfiguration.

Theprogramonlyshowsboilerswhichmatchthecriteriayouspecifiedusingthedrop-downsonthe Primaryheating tab. Asamanufacturerdoesnotnecessarilyofferaboilerineverycategorythedatabasemaynotdisplayanyboilers.


Figure 22.3: UsingtheProductCharacteristicsDatabasetosettheboilerefficiency

5. Clickthe Useselectedboiler button. The Boilerdatabase windowclosesandthePrimaryheating tabshowsthesummarydetailsforthechosenboiler.

Thereisnoneedtoenterflue, draught, orkeephotdetailsasallthatinformationispresentinthedatabaseentryfortheboiler.

ToenteraSEDBUK valuedirectly:

1. In the Boilerefficiency sectionselect the Usemanufacturer'sdeclaredSEDBUKvalue radiobutton.

2. Enterthe Make and Model ofboiler.

3. UsetheradiobuttonstospecifywhetheraSEDBUK 2005or2009valueisbeingusedandenterthe DeclaredSEDBUK value.

4. Specifythetypeandfuelofany Keep-hotfacility.

5. Setthe Flue and Draughttype.

6. Forrangecookersyoumustalsoenterthevaluesfor ϕcase and ϕwater.

Tousethedefaultvalue:


1. Inthe Boilerefficiency sectionselectthe Usedefaultvalue radiobutton. Thesoft-wareshowsthedefaultvalueforthatboilertype.

2. Usetheradiobuttonstoenterthedetailsofthe Flue and Draughttype.

3. Forrangecookersyoumustalsoenterthevaluesfor ϕcase and ϕwater.

NotethatthedefaultvaluesaregenerallytoopoortocomplywiththestandardsintheDomesticBuildingServicesComplianceGuide.

22.3.2 Storageradiatorsystems

Storageradiatorsystemsareheatedwithoff-peakelectricityduringthenightandreleasethatheatthroughouttheday. Theonlydatarequiredisthatfromtheprimaryheatingdropboxes.

22.3.3 Warmairsystems

Theheatforwarmairsystemsisprovidedbygas, oil, electricityorheatpumps. Theonlydatarequiredisthatfromtheprimaryheatingdropboxes, exceptwheretheheatpumpdataisenteredfromthePCD database, insteadofthedefaultvalues.

22.3.4 Roomheatersystems

Thisgroupincludesroomheaterssuchasgasorsolidfuelfires2. Inmostcases, theonlydatarequiredisthatfromtheprimaryheatingdrop-boxes. However, wherethedeclaredefficiencyoftheheaterisknown. tickthebox Usemanufacturer'sdeclaredefficiencythencompletethe Make, Model and Declaredefficiency boxesandselectthe BS TestMethod usedtoobtaintheefficiency.

22.3.5 Otherspaceandwaterheatersystems

Electricceilingheatingiscurrentlytheonlysysteminthiscategory. Theonlydatare-quiredisthatfromtheprimaryheatingdropboxes.

22.3.6 Communityheatingscheme

Communityheatingschemesusecentralheatgeneratorstoheatwaterwhichisthencir-culatedthroughpipestosupplyspaceheatingandhotwatertomorethanonedwelling.Theheatmaybeprovidedbyanumberofdifferent systems, andcommunityheatingschemesmayoftenincludeCombinedHeatandPower(CHP) systems, whichwillpro-vide heat and generate electricity. AppendixC of the SAP 2009document containsfurtherinformationonthetreatmentofcommunityheatingschemesinSAP.

TospecifyacommunityheatingschemeinJPA Designer:

• set Group to Communityheatingscheme. JPA Designerdisplaysthe Communityheating sectionofthe Primaryheating tab(Figure 22.4).


Figure 22.4: Dataentryforacommunityheatingschemewithtwoheatsources

Figure 22.5: Settingaheatsourceforcommunityheating

• settheheatsources; then,

• settheheatingcontrolsandtheheatdistributionsystem.

Tosettheheatsources:

• Clickthe New button: the Heatsource dialogueopens(Figure 22.5.

• Selectthetypeofheatsourcefromthe Heatsource drop-down.

• Selectthe Fuel fromthedrop-down.

• Settheproportionofthetotalheatloadprovidedbythatsource: enterafractionbetween0and1inthe Heatfraction box.

Thetotalheatfractionfromalltheheatsourcesmusttotal1.00.2Someoftheoptionswillnotbeappropriatefornew-build, butareincludedforcompatibilitywiththe

ReduceddataSAP (RdSAP) usedforEPCsforexistingdwellings.


• Enterthepercentage Efficiency oftheheatsource.

Formostsourcestheefficiencywillbelessthan100, butformaybeconsiderablyhigher.

• Click OK toclosethedialogue.

• Repeattheprocedureformultipleheatsources: usethe Edit and Delete buttonstoadjustorremoveheatsources.

Tosetthecontrolsanddistributionsystem:

• Setthe Heatingcontrols andthe Electricitytariff.

*Systemswhichrelyonflatratechargingwillusuallybelessefficientthanthosewherechargingislinkedtouse.

• Use the Heatdistribution system drop-box to specify the typeofpipesused tocirculatethehotwater.

22.3.7 Electricunderfloorheating

Thisoptionreqpresentsunderfloorheatingsystemsbasedonelectriccablesinthefloorslaborintegratedintoflooring.

Theonlydatarequiredisthatfromtheprimaryheatingdropboxes.

22.4 Additionaldata

TherearetwoitemsofadditionaldatawhichthesoftwarecollectsforproducingtheEPCwhichappearonthe Primaryheating tab:

• Separatedconservatorywithfixedheater: Tickthisboxifthedwellinghasather-mallyseparatedconservatory(seeSAP guidancesection3.3.3forthedefinitionofthermallyseparated)whichhasafixedheaterwithinit.

• Dwellinginsmokecontrolarea: Thisboxisonlyrelevantifsolidfuelissetasthefuelfortheprimaryorsecondaryheating. Ifthedwellingiswithinasmokecontrolzonetheuseofhousecoalanddualfuelisnotpermitted, andwoodispermittedforanexemptedapplianceonly. Forfurtherinformationonsmokecontrolareasseewww.smokecontrolareas.co.uk. Ticktheboxifthedwellingiswithinasmokecontrolarea.

23 Secondaryheating

A secondaryheatingsystemisanadditionalspaceheatingsystemforthedwelling: com-monexamplesaregasfiresorwoodburningstoves. Whereasecondarysystemispro-videditshouldbeincludedinthecalculation: guidanceonwhentoincludeasystemisgiveninApprovedDocumentL1A paragraph4.12. Thefractionofspaceheatingpro-videdbythesecondarysystemisdefinedintable11oftheSAP 2009document. Dataonsecondaryheatingisspecifiedusingthe Secondaryheating tab(Figure 23.1).

Tospecifysecondaryheating:

1. Setthe Group drop-downto Roomheatersystems.

2. Selectthe Sub-group.

3. Selectthe System.

4. Selectthesecondaryheating Fuel.

Figure 23.1: TheSecondaryheatingtab

126

CHAPTER23. SECONDARY HEATING 127

Ifthesolidfuelroomheaterhasbeen approvedbyHETAS1 tickthebox. Thecalculationwillthenuseahigherdefaultefficiencyfortheheater.

Wheretheactualefficiencyforasolidfuelheaterisknown, tickthe Usemanufacturer'sdeclaredefficiency boxthenenterthe Make, Model and Declaredefficiency. The BSTestMethod usedtoobtaintheefficiencyvalueshouldalsobeentered.

1HeatingEquipmentTestingandApprovalScheme.

24 Overheating

Dwellingsmustnothaveanexcessiveriskofhighinternaltemperaturesinsummerasaresultofsolargain. ThetestforoverheatingriskissetoutinAppendixP oftheSAP doc-ument; overheatingriskdependsonthepredictedamountofsolargainandthethermalmassofthedwelling. TheresultoftheoverheatingassessmentisshowninthemainSAPwindow: adwellingwithahighriskofoverheatingwillnotcomplywithregulations.

MostofthedataforthecalculationisenteredelsewhereintheSAP calculationfromdata,sotheonlyinformationrequiredisthe Effectiveair-changerate. YoucaneitherticktheEntervalue boxandenteradesignairchangerate, inairchangesperhour(ach), orusethe Building and Windowopening drop-downstosetdefaultvalues.

Figure 24.1: TheOverheatingtab

128

25 Cooling

TheenergyusedforspacecoolingmustbeincludedintheSAP 2009calculationwhen-everspacecoolingispresent. Thedataforthesystemisenteredinthe Overheating&cooling tab(Figure 25.1). The Coolingfraction: theproportionofthedwellingwhichisservedbythecoolingsystem. Thiscanbedeterminedbydividingthefloorareaofthecooledpartbythetotalfloorarea.

Theefficiencyofthesystemcaneitherbesettodefaultvaluesbysetting:

• Systemtype: Thesystemcanbe Splitormulti-split, or Packaged.

• Compressorcontrol: Thiscanbesetto On/off or Modulating.

• Energylabelclass: SelectA toG (with ND fornodata).

WheretheEnergyEfficiencyRating(EER) isknown, tickthe UserdefinedEnergyEffi-ciencyRatio andenterthevalueinthe EER box.

Figure 25.1: Settingsforairconditioningsystems

129

26 Renewables

SAP 2009takesaccountofthecontributionofcertainrenewablesourcesofenergyandsomeheatrecoverytechnologies, including:

• photovoltaicpanels(section 26.1);

• windturbineslinkedtoonedwelling1 (section 26.2);

• hydro-electricgenerators(section 26.3);

• wastewaterheatrecoveryunits(WWHRS) (section 26.4);

• fluegasheatrecoverysystems(FGHRS) (section 26.5).

Thedataforallthosesystemsisenteredinthe PhotovoltaicsandAlternativeTechnologiestab(abbreviatedto PV &AltTech, Figure 26.1). Thattabisalsousedforenteringtheamountofanyadditionalenergygeneratedbyothermeans(section 26.6.

26.1 Photovoltaicpanels

Photovoltaicpanelsgenerateelectricityfromsunlight. JPA Designerenablesyoutoin-cludetwophotovoltaicinstallations, toallowforsituationswherepanelsaresetattwodifferentorientations. Foreachinstallation:

1. Enterthe PeakkW ofthesystem(obtainthisvaluefromthemanufacturerorsup-plier);

2. Selectthe Pitch ofthepanels;

3. Selectthe Direction whichthepanelsface;

4. Selecttheamountof Overshading (whichmaynotbethesameastheovershadingofthewindows);

Forblocksofflats, wherethePV outputisconnectedintothelandlordsupplythetotalPV areashouldbedividedbetweenthedwellingsinproportiontotheirtotalfloorareas.IfthePV outputisconnecteddirectlytoindividualflatsthenthewholePV areashouldbeallocatedtothoseflats.

1Electricitygeneratedbyawindturbineattachedtothedwelling, oronamastwithinitsgroundscanbeincludedintheSAP calculation: however, whereaturbinesupplieselectricitytomorethanonedwelling,orisconnectedtoadevelopmentbyprivatewire, theelectricitycannotbeincludedintheSAP calculation:seeAppendixM oftheSAP 2009documentforfurtherdetails.

130

CHAPTER26. RENEWABLES 131

Figure 26.1: ThePhotovoltaicsandAlternativeTechnologytab

26.2 WindturbinesTheelectricitygeneratedbyawindturbineonthebuildingorwithinitscurtilage(grounds)shouldbeincludedintheSAP calculation. Tospecifyawindturbine:

1. Enterthe Numberofturbines.

2. Specifythe Rotordiameter inmetres.

3. Selectthetypeof terrain whichsurroundsthedwelling.

4. Enterthe height ofthehuboftheturbineabovetheridgeoftheroof, inmetres.

AspartoftheprocessofproducinganEPC thesoftwaremustcalculatethelikelybenefitfrominstallingawindturbine. Youmustthereforespecifythe Terraintype evenifthereisnowindturbineonthedwelling.

26.3 Hydro-electricityTheelectricity fromhydro-electricunitscanbe included in theSAP calculation, pro-videdthetotalamountgeneratedhasbeencalculatedandsignedoffbyanappropriatelyqualifiedengineer. Theamountofelectricity isentered in Hydro-electricgeneration(kWh/year). Whereelectricityissuppliedtoseveraldwellingsitshouldbeassignedinproportiontotheirfloorareas. SeeAppendixM4oftheSAP 2009documentforfurtherdetails.


Figure 26.2: EnteringdataonWWHR systems

26.4 Wastewaterheatrecoverysystems

Wastewaterheatrecoverysystems(WWHRS) useheatexchangerstorecoverheatfromtheheatedwaterpassingoutofthewastesofshowersandbaths, andtofeeditbackintothehotwatersystem(pre-heatingthecoldwaterfeedtotheboilerorhotwatercylinder).TheeffectivenessoftheWWHRS dependsonthesystemandontheproportionofbathsandshowerstowhichitislinked.

TospecifyWWHRS inJPA Designer:

• Inthe PV &AltTech tabtick WWHRS andclickthe Lookup button. The WWHRDatabase dialogueopens(Figure 26.2.

• Use the Manufacturer drop-down toselect themanufacturer, thenhighlight thespecifiedproduct in thelistandclick Selectassystem1. Repeat thisprocess ifthereisasecondsystem, butclick Selectassystem2.


Figure 26.3: Thefluegasheatrecoverysystems(FGHRS) database

• Enterthe totalroomswithshowerand/orbath.

• Foreachsystemspecifythenumberofmixershowerstowhichthesystemislinkedinrooms withabath and withoutabath

WWHR systemsattachedtoinstantaneouselectricshowers(IES) arenotincludedintheassessment. ThereforeIES shouldnotbecountedinthenumberofshowersforasystem,butshouldbecountedinthetotalroomswithshowerand/orbath.

26.5 Fluegasheatrecoverysystems

Fluegasheatrecoverysystems(FGHRS) recoverheatfromthecombustionproductsofcondensingboilerstopre-heatthedomestichotwatersupply. TospecifyFGHRS:

1Tick FGHRS andclickthe Lookup button. The FGHRS database dialogueopens(Fig-ure 26.3.

1. Selectthe Manufacturer.

2. Selectthetypefromthe Available list.

3. Click OK.

WheretheFGHRS hasaphotovoltaicarrayfeedingdirectlyintoaclosecoupledstorethePeakkW, Pitch, Direction and Overshading ofthePV arrayshouldbesetinthe FGHRSPV Module section.


26.6 Otherallowablegeneration

TherearesomesourcesofelectricitywhichcannotbeincludedinthecalculationsforBuildingRegulationscompliance, butcanbeincludedforothercalculations, particularlythosetodemonstratezerocarbonhomesstatus, CodeforSustainableHomeslevel6, andfortheNorthernIrelandlowandzerocarbonhomesscheme.

Electricity fromsuchsourcesshouldbeenteredinthebox Additionalallowableelec-tricitygeneration forbox (ZC6). ZC6 is theboxnumberon thezerocarbonhomescalculation(seesection16oftheSAP 2009document). Electricitygeneratedbywindturbineslinkedtoadevelopmentbyprivatewiremaybeenteredhere.

27 Specialfeatures

SAP 2009includesaprocedure for includingnewtechnologies incalculations in theintervalsbetweenrevisionsoftheSAP.TheAppendixQ procedure(whichisnamedaftertheappendixoftheSAP documentinwhichitisdescribed)mayonlybeusedforproductswhichhavebeenindependentlyassessedandarelistedontheAppendixQ websiteathttp://www.sap-appendixq.org.uk. Thewebsitehasacalculation spreadsheet for thevariousproducttypes1 and, insomecases, datasheetsforindividualproducts.

ToincorporateatechnologyusingtheAppendixQ procedure:

1. CarryouttheSAP calculationasnormal.

2. CompletethetheappropriateAppendixQ spreadsheet: thismayrequireinforma-tionontheproducttakenfromadatasheet, andmayinvolvechangestotheSAPcalculation.

3. Transfertheresultsfromthespreadsheettothe Specialfeatures sectionofthe Pho-tovoltaicsandAlternativeTechnologies tab(Figure 26.1), entering:

• abrief Description ofthetechnology.

• the Energysaved figure, usingthedrop-downtoselectthe Typeoffuelsaved.

• the Energyused figure, usingthedrop-downtoselectthe Typeoffuelused

WherethereismorethanoneAppendixQ technologyusetheNew and Edit buttonstoaddthosetechnologiestothecalculation

Note that all the technologieswhich requiredAppendixQ withSAP 9.81canallbeentereddirectlyinJPA DesignerinSAP 2009.

1There are separate spreadsheets for different versions of SAP:make sure you use the appropriateversion.

135

28 Checkingcompliance

Onceyouhaveenteredallthedataforthedwellingyoucancheckitscompliancestatus.

Theprogramwilldisplay pass (green)or fail (red)inthe compliancezone atthebottomrightcornerofthemain SAP window. Ifthedwellingfailsyoucanholdyourcurseroveroverthe compliancezone andthesoftwarewilldisplayatool-tipwillshowtheprimarycauseoffailure(see Figure 16.2).

Click on the compliance zone opens the ComplianceChecklist which lists themaincriteriatheSAP moduletestsandshowsthestatusofthedwellingagainsteachone. Thecompliancecheckwindowisparticularlyusefulwhenthedwellinghasfailedononeofthesecondarycriteria, suchastheefficiencyofheatingcontrols, orexcessivelossesfromthehotwatercylinder.

Youcanusethetabsatthebottomofthe ComplianceChecklist toview:

• theSAP worksheet;

• theTER worksheet;

• theDER worksheet;

• theOverheatingriskassessment.

Onceyouhavereviewedtheresultsyoucanthenmakechangestothecalculation.

136

29 OutputtingSAP results

Youcanprint theresultsofSAP calculationsorproduceaPDF filewhich is ideal foremailing. ForbothprintandPDF youcanselectwhichpartsoftheresultsyouwanttoincludeinyouroutput:

• SAP worksheet: theresultsoftheSAP calculation.

• TER worksheet: theresultsoftheTER calculationforthenotionaldwelling.

• DER worksheet: theresultsoftheDER calculationfortheactualdwelling.

• FEE worksheet: theresultsoftheFFE calculation.

• Inputdata: areflectionoftheinformationyouhaveenteredintothesoftware.

• Regulationschecklist: showsthecompliancestatusofthedwellinginachecklistwhichfollowsthecriteriainAD L1A.

• Summeroverheating: resultsoftheoverheatingassessment.

• Energyperformancecertificate(EPC):adraftenergyperformancecertificate.

YoumustbeamemberofanappropriateaccreditationschemetoproduceafinalEPC –seetheseparateguidancedocumentforinstructions.

• Predicted EnergyAssessment (PEA): the energy assessment required for off-plansales.

• AssessmentofZeroCarbonHome.

Toprinttheresults:

1. Select File>Print fromthemenubar(orclickthe Print buttononthetoolbar). TheSectionsToPrint dialogueopens((Figure 29.1).

2. Usethetickboxestoselecttheoutputsyouwanttoproduce.


4. Usethebuttonsonthetoolbartoviewsuccessivepagesoftheprintout, thenclickthe Print buttontoprintthepages(Figure 12.2).

137

CHAPTER29. OUTPUTTING SAP RESULTS 138

Figure 29.1: SAP SectionsToPrintdialogue

TocreateaPDF fileoftheresults:

1. Fromthemenubarselect File>CreatePDF.A dialogueasksifyouwanttoopenthePDF whenitiscreated.

2. Select Yes or No. The SectionsToPrint dialogueopens(Figure 29.1).

3. Usethetickboxestoselecttheoutputsyouwanttoproduce.


5. Usethebuttonsonthetoolbartoviewsuccessivepagesoftheprintout, thenclickthe Print buttontoprintthepages(Figure 12.2). TheprogramwillthencreateaPDF fileofthecalculation.

*ThenameofthePDF filewillincludetheJPA Designerfilenameandthecalcu-lationname, sothecalculation Plot28 inaproject TheMeadows willbecalledTheMeadows.JDPtilehungwall.Plot28.PDF.ThefilewillbesavedintotheJPADesignerprogramfolderorinthestart-upfolderyouhavespecified.

Note: asWindowsdoesnotallowcertaincharacterstobeusedinfilenamesyoushouldensurethecalculationnamesinJPA Designerdonotcontainthosecharac-ters, otherwisePDF creationwillfail. Therestrictedcharactersare`/ \ : *? < >|.

Youcanchangetheprintersettingsbyselecting File>Printersetup fromthemenubar.

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