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Early BeginningsEarly Beginnings
1400 BCE Hebrews move into Palestine 1400 BCE Hebrews move into Palestine (modern-day Israel)(modern-day Israel)
They were shepherds from Mesopotamia They were shepherds from Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq) searching for water (modern-day Iraq) searching for water
Hebrews were eventually attacked and Hebrews were eventually attacked and scattered across the worldscattered across the world
Diaspora- the movement or Diaspora- the movement or migration of people from their migration of people from their
ancestral homelandancestral homeland
Hebrews + GodHebrews + God
11stst to believe in one god (monotheism) to believe in one god (monotheism)
Others continued to believe in many gods Others continued to believe in many gods (polytheism)(polytheism)
Yahweh was the name given to GodYahweh was the name given to God
AbrahamAbraham
Founder of monotheismFounder of monotheism
Had a wife – Sarah, God promised them Had a wife – Sarah, God promised them childchild
Sarah was too old to have a child so she Sarah was too old to have a child so she told him to have a child w/ Hagar, their told him to have a child w/ Hagar, their servantservant
Abraham had two sons- Ishmael w/ Hagar Abraham had two sons- Ishmael w/ Hagar and Isaac w/ Sarahand Isaac w/ Sarah
Abraham’s family treeAbraham’s family tree
Hagar – Abraham - Sarah
Ishmael
Who is Abraham’s rightful heir?
Isaac
Isaac and IshmaelIsaac and Ishmael
God promised Abraham and his family all God promised Abraham and his family all the land between the Nile and the the land between the Nile and the Euphrates RiversEuphrates Rivers
Arabs claim their ancestry to IshmaelArabs claim their ancestry to Ishmael
Jews claim their ancestry to IsaacJews claim their ancestry to Isaac
This is one of the reasons for the Arab – This is one of the reasons for the Arab – Israeli conflictIsraeli conflict
MosesMoses
10 Commandments10 Commandments
A strict God who demands obedienceA strict God who demands obedience
God as father, protector of his familyGod as father, protector of his family
The dignity of man as opposed to slaves The dignity of man as opposed to slaves of Godof God
These were new conceptsThese were new concepts
TermsTerms
Torah – the old testament, Holy Book of Torah – the old testament, Holy Book of the Jews the Jews
Rabbi – religious teacherRabbi – religious teacher
Talmud – interpretations of the Torah, Talmud – interpretations of the Torah, writings on the Torahwritings on the Torah
Christianity + JesusChristianity + Jesus
Jesus was born a Jew in BethlehemJesus was born a Jew in Bethlehem
Crucified by the Romans, considered a Crucified by the Romans, considered a threat to Rome, a dissidentthreat to Rome, a dissident
Preached about God’s love for the world Preached about God’s love for the world and the need for people to love one and the need for people to love one anotheranother
Christians, unlike Jews and Christians, unlike Jews and Muslims, believe Jesus was the Muslims, believe Jesus was the
son of God.son of God.
TermsTerms
Bible – holy book of Christians, includes Bible – holy book of Christians, includes Old and New TestamentOld and New Testament
Denomination – different kinds of Denomination – different kinds of Christians (i.e. Lutheran, Catholic, Baptist Christians (i.e. Lutheran, Catholic, Baptist etc.)etc.)
Mohammed – founder of IslamMohammed – founder of Islam
In 622 Mohammed was driven from In 622 Mohammed was driven from Mecca, he fled to MedinaMecca, he fled to Medina
In Medina he was accepted as a prophet, In Medina he was accepted as a prophet, (a messenger from God)(a messenger from God)
He eventually returned to MeccaHe eventually returned to Mecca
Within 100 yrs. Islam had spread through Within 100 yrs. Islam had spread through ArabiaArabia
5 Pillars of Islam5 Pillars of Islam
Pilgrimage to MeccaPilgrimage to Mecca
Charity to the poorCharity to the poor
Prayer five times a dayPrayer five times a day
Recite: there is no god but God and Recite: there is no god but God and Muhammad is his prophetMuhammad is his prophet
Fast during the holy month of RamadanFast during the holy month of Ramadan
Relationship to others…Relationship to others…
Jews + Christians are “people of the book”Jews + Christians are “people of the book”
Moses and Jesus are honored as prophetsMoses and Jesus are honored as prophets
Muslims believe theirs is the only true Muslims believe theirs is the only true religionreligion
Sunnis and ShiitesSunnis and Shiites
85% Sunni 15% Shiite85% Sunni 15% Shiite
Split was caused by a disagreement about Split was caused by a disagreement about who the caliph should bewho the caliph should be
Caliph- successor to Muhammad, also known Caliph- successor to Muhammad, also known as an Imam. as an Imam.
First chosen was Muhammad’s father-in-law, First chosen was Muhammad’s father-in-law, leaving out his bloodline and upsetting leaving out his bloodline and upsetting which group?which group?
DifferencesDifferences
Leadership: Leadership: – Shiite – the imam is descended from Ali, Shiite – the imam is descended from Ali,
Muhammad’s son in law, (who Muhammad declared Muhammad’s son in law, (who Muhammad declared would lead after him). Ali was assassinated and so would lead after him). Ali was assassinated and so was his son Hussein. (Hereditary leadership)was his son Hussein. (Hereditary leadership)
– Sunnis do not believe their imams are divine and can Sunnis do not believe their imams are divine and can be elected or come to power in other waysbe elected or come to power in other ways
According to Shiite, humans have option either According to Shiite, humans have option either to obey God's rules, or disobey.to obey God's rules, or disobey.The Sunni scholars on the other hand say that The Sunni scholars on the other hand say that Allah is the Creator of all of our acts Allah is the Creator of all of our acts
JihadJihad
As with any idea in religion the idea of As with any idea in religion the idea of jihad is open to interpretationjihad is open to interpretation
Holy struggle is a more correct translation Holy struggle is a more correct translation than holy warthan holy war
This could be interpreted as an inner-This could be interpreted as an inner-struggle to be a better Muslimstruggle to be a better Muslim
Also could have a violent interpretation as Also could have a violent interpretation as wellwell
Crusades-Crusades-
Military expedition to “rescue” Military expedition to “rescue” Jerusalem and the Holy Land Jerusalem and the Holy Land
from the Muslim Turks.from the Muslim Turks.
CrusaderCrusader
Someone who fights on behalf Someone who fights on behalf of a religious causeof a religious cause
1st Crusade1st Crusade
In 1097 three armies of knights began the In 1097 three armies of knights began the journey to take back the Holy Landjourney to take back the Holy Land
They slaughtered Muslim men and women They slaughtered Muslim men and women in Jerusalemin Jerusalem