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Judaism, Christianity,
and Islam
The Three Religions
1. Judaism, Jew
2. Christianity, Christian
3. Islam, Muslim
Star of David
The Cross
Crescent Moon and Star
Comparative ReligionsReligion Judaism Christianit
yIslam
Origins Canaan~2000 BCE
Palestine~30 CE
Saudi Arabia622 CE
Founders Moses Jesus Christ Mohammad
Adherents
Jews Christians Muslims
Population
14 millionIsrael, Euro, US
2.1 billionEuro, Americas,
Africa
1.5 billionMid East, SE
Asia
Comparative ReligionsReligion Judaism Christianity Islam
Diety GodYahweh, Elohim
God GodAllah
Holy Book“People of the
book”
Torah(Old Test.)
Bible(Old and New Test.)
Qur’an(Koran)
Religious Law Halakhah Canon Law Sharia
Place of Worship
Synagogue ChurchChapel
Cathedral
Mosque
Clergy Rabbis Priest, Minister, Pastor
Imam
Some Similarities
1. Monotheistic
2. Abrahamic – Recognize Abraham as Patriarch (father)
3. Consider city of Jerusalem to be Holy
4. All connected to parts of the Bible.
Origins and History of
Each Faith
ABRAHAMABRAHAM SARAHSARAHHAGARHAGAR
IsaacIsaac
EsauEsauJacob/IsraelJacob/Israel
12 Tribes of Israel
12 Tribes of Israel
Ishmael
Ishmael
12 Arabian Tribes
12 Arabian Tribes
•Islam-Quran
•Other 10 tribes-(Israelites) (Hebrews)
•Judaism-Torah
Abraham’s Genealogy
•2 Tribes - (Jews) of Judah•Jesus Christ (son of God)•The Hebrew Bible - Old
Testament in the Christian Bible
Mecca(Muslims)
•Muhammad (the last prophet)
•Quran and the Five Pillars of
Islam
4000–550 BC
All 3 Religions are linked by Abraham—He is the patriarch of all 3
Ten Commandments
Origins of Each Faith
• Date and Place founded:– Judaism – approximately 1300 B.C. in
Palestine• Some say the date is unknown
–Christianity – approximately 33 A.D. in Palestine– Islam – 622 A.D. in Saudi Arabia
10
Founders and Early Leaders
• Founders and Early Leaders• All three trace their origins originally to
Abraham as explained in the reading– Judaism – Abraham and Moses
–Christianity – Jesus
– Islam - Muhammad
11
Brief History on Origins
• Judaism- The Hebrew leader Abraham founded Judaism around 2000 B.C.– Judaism is the oldest of the monotheistic faiths
(religions with one God).
• Christianity - Founded by Jesus Christ, who was crucified around A.D. 30 in Jerusalem – After his death his followers came to believe in
him as the Christ, the Messiah.
• Islam - Founded in Arabia by Muhammad between A.D. 610 and A.D. 632
Spread of Each Faith
• Early Expansion– Judaism – Little expansion mostly confined to
Israel
– Christianity – by the end of the 4th century Christianity spread across the entire Roman Empire
– Islam – Within 12 years, entire Arabian peninsula• After 100 years stretched from Spain to
Southeast Asia13
Terms for Followers and Clergy
• Followers Called:– Judaism Jews– Christianity Christians– Islam Muslims
• Clergy Called:– Judaism rabbis– Christianity bishop, pastor, ministers, priest– Islam imams
14
More Detailed History on Each Religion
Judaism Timeline• 1800 BCE Hebrews flee Canaan,
migrate to Egypt (enslaved).– Lead by Moses to Sinai Peninsula.
Covenant w/God.– 1 God, 10 Commandments, Chosen
People
• 1025 BCE form kingdom of Israel in Fertile Crescent.– Kings David & Solomon help reach
greatest glory
• 500 BCE Persians take over, Return to Israel & rebuild temple in Jerusalem.
• 70 CE Romans expel Jews from Israel/Palestine – diaspora…– Won’t return until late 1800s
Christianity• Jesus born in Roman ruled Palestine
(Bethlehem)– Carpenter’s apprentice– Studied w/ rabbis - Preacher 30 yrs old
• Some believed he was the messiah – Savior from foreign rule, restore kingdom
• Roman’s, scared of popularity & refusal to
accept emperor as a god, crucified him in 33 CE.
• Followers, Christians, spread word– Everyone equal, salvation & eternal life– Persecuted by Romans, became martyrs– 313 CE, Emperor Constantine converts– 395 CE, official religion Roman Empire
Islam Timeline• 610 CE Angel Gabriel tells
Mohammed he is to be the messenger of God/Allah– Merchant in Mecca
• 622 flee to Medina, build 1st mosque– Hejira – Yr 1 of Muslim Calendar– Prophet
• Expansion of Islam– Uses war & political maneuvering
to spread ideas– 632 control Peninsula– 732 Atlantic to Indus
How They Worship
Where and When They Worship
• House of Worship– Judaism: synagogue or temple– Christianity: church, cathedral, chapel– Islam: mosque
Day of Worshipo Judaism: SaturdayoChristianity: Sundayo Islam: Friday
20
Languages of Faiths
• Original Language– Judaism: Hebrew– Christianity: Aramaic and Greek, then Latin– Islam: Arabic
• Names of God– Judaism: Yahweh and Elohim– Christianity: God, the Trinity– Islam: Allah
21
Holy/Religious Texts
Sacred Texts of Each Faith• Sacred Texts• All three accept the Old Testament
as explained in the reading.– Judaism: Hebrew Bible is the Torah,
Talmud –Christianity: Old Testament and New
Testament– Islam: Qur’an (Koran)
23
Beliefs
Monotheistic Beliefs
• Ultimate Reality (Type of Theism)
– Judaism: One God
–Christianity: Trinity (God the father, God the Son, and God the Holy Spirit)
– Islam: One God
25
Divine Revelation---God’s Words How do we know about God?
– Judaism: through prophets; recorded in the Hebrew Bible
– Christianity: through prophets and Jesus as recorded in the Old and New Testament
– Islam: through God’s final prophet Muhammad; recorded in the Qur’an
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Identity of Jesus
–Judaism: False prophet
–Christianity: Son of God, the Messiah, Savior
–Islam: prophet of God
27
Death of Jesus
– Judaism: death by Crucifixion
–Christianity: death by Crucifixion
– Islam: Did not die, but ascended into heaven (a disciple took his place)
28
Resurrection of Jesus
–Judaism: Denied
–Christianity: Affirmed
–Islam: Denied; since he did not die
29
Means of Salvation
– Judaism: Belief in one God; good deeds
–Christianity: correct belief, good deeds; by faith accept Christ as Savior (Protestants)
– Islam: Belief in one God; good deeds and follow Five Pillars of Faith
30
Afterlife
–Judaism: eternal heaven/ eternal hell–Christianity: eternal heaven/
eternal hell–Islam: eternal paradise
(heaven)/ eternal hell
31
Symbols of
Faiths
Symbols
– Judaism: Star of David
– Christianity: cross
– Islam: crescent with name of Allah in Arabic
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Followers
Where They Can Be Found
• Major Locations TODAY– Judaism: Europe, Israel, North America– Christianity: Europe, North and South America– Islam: Africa, Middle East, and Southeast Asia
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PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.
Current Worldwide Followers TODAY
– Judaism: 14 million (ranks 12th)–Christianity: 2 billion (ranks 1st)– Islam: 1.3 billion (ranks 2nd)
In the USA• Judaism: 5.6 million• Christianity: 159 million• Islam: 1.1 million
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