Judaism

First of the

Abrahamic Faiths

Think Pair Share

• “Is Judaism considered essential compared to the other Abrahamic Faiths?”

• Why are Judaism, Christianity, and Islam considered Abrahamic faiths?

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Abraham (1800 BCE)

• Father of all three Abrahamic faiths

• Lived in City-State of Ur

• According to Judaic belief “YWH” (Yahweh or G-d) spoke to Abraham

3 PromisesThen the word of the LORD came to him: “This man will not be your heir, but a son who is your own flesh and blood will be your heir.” 5 He took him outside and said, “Look up at the sky and count the stars—if indeed you can count them.” Then he said to him, “So shall your offspring be.” (Genesis 15:4-5)

1. _________________

The whole land of Canaan, where you now reside as a foreigner, I will give as an everlasting possession to you and your descendants after you; and I will be their God. (Genesis 17:8)

2. __________________

I will bless those who bless you, and whoever curses you I will curse; and all peoples on earth will be blessed through you. (Genesis 12:3)

3. __________________

Canaan: “Promised Land” or PaLestine

Twelve TribesJacob• Grandson of Abraham

• Renamed “Israel”: Hence name Israelites

• Israel’s sons made up 12 tribes

• Jacob and family left to Egyptbecause of famine. Israelites livedthere for 430 years.

Moses and the Exodus (1200ish BCE)• According to the Torah, Moses was born from a midwife.

• At the time, the Pharaoh saw the Israelites as a threat as their numbers multiplied.

• Therefore he ordered the deaths of all Israelite sons under the age of 2.

• Moses’s mother places him in a basket down the Nile River and later the Pharaoh’s daughter found him. Coincidentally ordered Moses mom to take care of him until he was old enough.

• Later he grows up under the Pharaoh’s daughter’s household.• His name means “I lifted him out of the water.”

Egyptian Religion: Gods

• Polytheism: Belief in multiple gods

• Most gods had humanoid and animal features

Egyptian Religion: Afterlife

• Afterlife: Life after death• Paradise for those who did well

• Ka: Person’s life force• When person died, ka left their bodies and became spirit

• But ka was still linked to the body. In other words the ka had same needs as if the person was alive.

• People filled people’s tombs with food, beverages, weapons, jewelry, etc.

Moses and the Exodus (1200ish BCE)

• Moses is called to deliver Israelites from Egypt

• Moses demands Pharaoh to release people. Pharaoh refused so 10 plagues stroke Egypt.

• The 10th plague was most impactful one. Israelites slayed firstborn unblemished lamb and use its blood to cover the door to have the Angel of Death pass-over. Hence the holiday Passover comes from.

• After 10th plague Pharaoh lets people go to Promised Land

Moses and Exodus

• Pharaoh sends army to kill Israelites

• According to Hebrew Bible, God parted the Red Sea and the Israelites crossed

• Pharaoh’s army drowned in the Red Sea

• Exodus: Departure of Israelites out of slavery in Egypt

Moses and the Ten Commandments

• https://www.studenthandouts.com/1batch/1batchsubset1/09.02.DBQ.TenCommandments.pdf

Tabernacle

• “God’s tent”

• Located at Shiloh

• Housed Ark of the Covenant

• Ark was sign of God’s

presence and guaranteed

victory against enemies

Judges

Overall Theme

• Israelites worshipped other gods• Enemies harass them• They plead to YWH• YWH has a judge deliver them• Israelites return to YWH

Israel Kingdom is formed

• Tribes of Israel wanted a united kingdom

• Samuel, the last judge, anoints Saul as Israel’s first king.

Saul (1021 B.C. – 1000 B.C.)

• Fought against Israel’s enemies, especially the Philistines

• Disobedient to God because of no offerings before battle and didn’t follow His commands

• Samuel rebukes Saul and in turn by Judaic belief God told him to search for another king.

David (1000 BC – 970 BC)

• David was anointed as the future king of Israel

• Famously known for the battle against Goliath

• Saul eventually gets jealous and David is forced to live in exile.

• Saul and his reign ends when him and his sons die in battle against the Philistines.

David (1000 BC – 970 BC)

• David becomes king of Israel and starts the Golden Age

• He conquers and beats many enemies, expanding Israel’s territories

• Greatest victory is over the city of what we call Jerusalem, also known as the City of David.

• Jerusalem is the central point of all three Abrahamic Faiths.

David (1000 BC – 970 BC)

• David is also known as a famous writer and musician

• Most of his work is composed of the Ketuvim (Writings in the Hebrew Bible or also known as the TaNaKh)

• He wrote many Psalms- Poems

Solomon (970 B.C. – 930 B.C.)

• Wisest King of Israel

• Built Temple, known as Solomon’s temple

• He brought wealth, peace, and population growth

• He is famous for writing Proverbs- Wise sayings

Divided Kingdom

• Israelites disliked Solomon’s taxes & projects

• 922 B.C. after Solomon’s death,

the kingdom split into two.

• Northern kingdom known as Israel• (Ten Tribes)

• Southern kingdom known as Judah• (Two Tribes)

Fall of Israel (Northern Kingdom)

• Assyrians defeat Israel in 722 B.C.

• Assyrians mixed w/ remaining Israelites. Their descendants became known as Samaritans

Fall of Judah

• 597 B.C.: Chaldeans led by Nebuchadnezzar forced some people of Judah to live in Babylon

• King of Judah rebelled and in 586 BC Nebuchadnezzar destroyed Jerusalem and brought all people with him.

• This is known as the Babylonian Exile

ProPhets’ message

• Prophets spoke words of hope to Jewish people

• Prophets spoke about their disobedience to God and they had to change their ways and reconnect with God

Return to Jerusalem

• King Cyrus of the Medes defeats Babylonian Empire

• In 537 BC King Cyrus allows the Jewish people return to rebuild temple and city of Jerusalem

Greeking Out• Alexander the Great takes over Macedon and conquers most of

known world until 323 BC when he died randomly

• Greek Empire divided into five kingdoms

• Seleucid Empire controlled Babylonian part, including all of Israel

Judaism Explained: Review

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