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© OECD/IEA 2013
CCS & the global climate agenda
Juho LipponenHead of CCS Unit
IEA
GCCSI Annual Conference Abu Dhabi, 6 November 2014
© OECD/IEA 2013
Strong policy drives investment
Clean energy investment* between 2004-2013 (USD):
Sourc
e:
BN
EF
CCS:
20billion
All clean energy:
1929 billion
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
CCS All clean energy
USD billion
20
1929
* Includes technology development, projects, M&A. Source: BNEF.
© OECD/IEA 2013
3. Drivers and supportive policies are essential
Permitting framework
Technology RD&D framework
Incentive framework
Long-term vision for CCS deployment
Regulation for safe, effective storage
Efficient resource
management
Prices or limits on
emissions
Targeted deployment incentives
Demonstration funding
UNFCCC process critical for shaping policy environment for clean energy including CCS: Ambitious climate targets, Technology Mechanism, Green Climate Fund,
CDM, incl. modalities and procedures etc.
Research and development
policy and programmes
*
*
* ** *
*
© OECD/IEA 2013
UNFCCC & global climate policy
“Top-down”: UNFCCC mechanisms
“Bottom-up”: Intended Nationally Determined Contributions
NAMAs- Funds for CCS
- L&R frameworks- Storage expl.
Technology mechanism- Knowledge
sharing- Partnerships
Other multilateral
schemes- Cooperation on
CCS
CDM- Continue to include CCS
Enhanced pre-2020 action- Knowledge
sharing- Policy & regulation
Green Climate Fund
- Specific CCS window
INCLUDE CCS WHERE RELEVANT!
© OECD/IEA 2013
…As one of America’s governors has said, “We are the first generation to feel the impact of climate change and the last generation that can do something about it.” Remarks by President Obama at UN Climate Leaders’ Summit, September
2014
© OECD/IEA 2013
Backup slides
© OECD/IEA 2013
- mechanisms under the negotiations - agreed mechanisms under
implementation
© OECD/IEA 2013
“Intended Nationally Determined Contributions” % of CCS in relevant regional energy scenario analysis Mt of CO2 captured and stored GW of power generation capacity equipped with CCS policy actions and mechanisms supporting CCS
Technology mechanism provide unbiased up-to-date information on CCS support international partnerships that already exist on CCS include consideration of CCS in technology needs assessments
of developing countries with high reliance on fossil fuels in their energy and industrial sectors.
© OECD/IEA 2013
NAMAs availability of funds for long-term large investments; include support for legal work to make CCS a legal
activity and define all necessary safety requirements; consider support for CO2 storage exploration consider policy support for
The Green Climate Fund actively highlight the availability of funds for CCS projects
and potentially include a specific earmarked funding window
for CCS.
© OECD/IEA 2013
Enhanced pre-2020 climate action government support for CCS pilots in industrial sectors government support for CCS large-scale projects that are
already in advanced stages of development; development of CCS-related regulations CO2 storage assessments work to identify specific CO2
storage sites relevant capacity building and support for pilot projects
in non-Annex I parties with high potential for CCS deployment
R&D work and international cooperation on CCS R&D.
© OECD/IEA 2013
Sleipner (Source: Statoil) Great Plains Synfuels(Source: Dakota Gasification)
Gorgon (Source: Chevron)Scotford Upgrader
(Source: Shell)
Kemper (Source: IEA) Taiwan Cement (Source: IEA)
Peterhead (Source: Shell)
Bio-CCS (Source: IEA)
Boundary Dam (Source: SaskPower)
© OECD/IEA 2013
CCS technologies exist and are in use
Capture technologies are well understood but
remain expensive.
Transport is the most technically mature
step in CCS.
CO2 storage has been demonstrated but
further experience is needed at scale.
• Technologies in use since 70s/80s• Today: 1/2 of early energy requirement
and 3-4 * scale!• Power: pre-, oxy and post-combustion• Gas processing, refining, cement, etc.
• 6000km existing pipelines• Existing technical
standards• Transport by ship
• 12 projects, 120+ EOR• Capacities and CO2 trapping
mechanisms better understood • Better storage engineering,
modelling & monitoring
© OECD/IEA 2013
To fulfil its role, CCS needs further improvement
Increased cost driven by need of additional capital investment +80% on power investment / kW (“nth plant”; first ones even more) Varying degree in other industrial applications
Increased cost also driven by energy penalty 10-12 %-point loss in power plant efficiency… …leads to 25-30% increase in fuel demand per unit of output
Penalty linked to energy requirements of capture Separation work 2,5 to 3,5 GJ / t CO2 today Compression 0,5 GJ / t CO2 today
Hence critical to accelerate technical learning and economies of scale to reduce energy penalty and capital costs
Examples of improvement targets: CSLF, US DOE: “2020”: gradual improvements, -30% energy penalty “2030 and beyond”: novel technologies, -50% energy penalty