NOTE This is a preliminary narrative and should not be regarded as authoritative. It has not been checked for accuracy in all aspects. and its interpretations are not necessarily those of the Historical Section as a whole. Ce texte est et n'a aucun afficiel. On n'a pas son exactitude et les interpretations qulil contient ne sont pas celles du Service historiQue. Directorate of History National Defence Headquarters Ottawa, Canada K1A OK2 July 1986 ,.
Transcript
NOTE
This is a preliminary narrative and should not be regardedas authoritative. It has not been checked for accuracy inall aspects. and its interpretations are not necessarilythose of the Historical Section as a whole.
Ce texte est pr~liminaire et n'a aucun caract~re afficiel.On n'a pas v~rifi~ son exactitude et les interpretationsqulil contient ne sont pas n~cessairement celles du ServicehistoriQue.
Directorate of HistoryNational Defence HeadquartersOttawa, CanadaK1A OK2
1. This Report deals with the growth and developmentof the Canadian Forestry Corps betW80n lIay 1941 and IIsy 1943.The present Report should be read III oonjunotion with ReportNo. 29 which outlined the history and work of the C.F.C.from the dste of its origin until lIay 1941.
2. The materials upon which tl,is Report is basedinclude the pertinent Forestry files at C.II.H.Q., the WarDiaries of H.Q•• C.F.C., and H.Qs. Distriots 1 to 5, C.F.C.;and personal oonversatiotl8 with Drigadier-General J .B. 'White_C.B.F.., D.S.a., B.D., Co~ander, C~adian Forestry Corps,Lt.-Col. A.E. Caldwell, A.D.T.O. (Transport) and Lt.-Col.R.P. Roe. A.D.T.O. (Milling and Shipping). The writer hasnot had access to the correspondenoe between the C.F.O. andthe ritish lIinistry of Supply. Accord y, tllis Reportdoes not go into any of the detailed arrangements with respeotto the timber policy of the British C'overnment or the allotment of the various areas ror logging purposes, etc.
VISIT TO UNITS OP THE C.F.C. 9-16 lIay 43
3. The writer acoompanied a party arranged by theD.D.P.R., C.II.H.~•• to visit different units of tho C.F.C.9-16 lIay 43. The party inoluded Mr. J.A.M. Cook, War Correspondent, representing the Sifton newspapers ot Weatern Canada,Lieut. Alex Stirton, Photo aphar (Public Relations Department. C.M.H.Q.) and Lieut. G. Noble, Canadian Film Unit,C.II.H.Q. Capt. J.F. Maofarlane. P.A. to Brigadier-GeneralWhite, met the visitors at BLAIR ATHOLL and was responsiblefor all arrangements made.
4. After viewing the General Workshop and TechnicalEqUipment and Supplies Sections at BLAIR ATHOLL. the visitingparty saw the mill or No. 5 Coy, and watched the Company'slogging operations in tho Pass of KILLIECRAHKIE, a localityof historical interest associated with the name of JohnGraham of Claverhouse, Visoount Dundee. We proceeded bymotor car on 11 May to No. 13 Coy at BRECHIN. Snow blockedboth routes across the Grampians towards DEESIDE via theSPITTAL of GLEllSHEE and the DEVIL I S ELBOW (the route followedby the Historical Orricer on the ocoasion of his visit tothe C.F.C. 111 lIay 1941 - see Report No. 29). and CAIRN O'MOUl~;
and it was necessary to continue to the coast to STONEHAVEN andfrom thence to BAllCRORY and ABOYNE (R.Q., Ho. 2 Distriot).
5. On 12 May 43 visits were paid to several companieson the DEE including Nos. 2. 4, 22-24. and 25. The lastmentioned was conduoti logging and milling operations nearlIAR LOIXlE. one or the estates of the late Duke or Connaught.On the. following day the party oontinued by motor to !lURN(H.Q •• No. 3 District) and, after seeing the mills andquarters at No. 23 and No. 27 Companies J on the DamawayEstate (Lord Morsy). arrived at BEAULY (R.Q•• C.F.C.).
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by Wi::- lor DM" NOHOo-,r. ~ue l!l)ll
8. On 14 -;1 the part,. ooo.d.d to 1nepeot d1ft.rentactivitl•• and bull, 1nge ot a.veral c ani.. in Bo. 5 DbtrIct,including Iio. 17 (r.:vEIISllIIi) and 1111 end 30 (SP GD).Th. lut two are worldng on the Ibo tat. (tOl'tllllrl;1 thepropertJ ot Andre. Carnegl.) on DORIIOCU PIR'l'll, a region tullot hiatorical ..aoclationa linked with the care.r of JIont1'Oll".
7• '!'bro.t the whole to .v• ..,. ...1etance endoourt••,. 118ft ottered the vldting part;1 b,. the _.ra otthe C.P.C. otland bee al_ b.... t ua tor it. ho.pltal-It)"J end in thi. reapeot the Por••t..,. Corp. • bean t •to B and trad1Uon.
O. 'l'bere he...e b.... a mJIIIber ot ea ot .jor lindainor ortano••ino. t vl.it ot • Bl.torlcal Offlc.rin 1 1041. the latt.r, tor 1netcc., has b••n theaban4o",w"t of the ctic. ot pU .a_ lUlllber UDd.rcov.r ot ....ighbouring tre.a tor cllllllOUtlage purpoa • (a88para. 13, .port 211) owing to t h. d1ttloult,. ot dl7 the1 "'m it i. hiM.n eunli~t. L1l<ewiae t.'t.1IIpraY1sed prot.ctlon egalMt b -blut at o. 5 CIIIIIP (a••para. la, R. 211) bee b .n don. _, with .. it was toundto barb I' at. and to prevent the dr;r t ot • tain th.. ing. In an,. ...... t the ..:Lla acon t.U to d.ca,.an to be regard.d u a oatch-aU ror rubbieh end aoonaequmt nuisanc. to the c authorlti... It 18 probabl.,hOW'll...or, that the abaene.. ot ......,. air aetiYlt;1 h.. had 81>1'.to do with the abendOlllll8rtt ot the....thode or prot.oUon thanAn elae.
II. At the outa.t .0llIlI oonc..... was ahown 0'1'.1' the pI'....bl•• ot clllllOutleg.. Th.. large output ot alab wood and aa_clUet, tor which th.re wor. t.. ana ot d18poaal, p ...nteda ve't'Y e.rloua probl.. Sswduat bU1'l'l8ra, wh1ch lIight a.l'V•.. a b.acon tor .nlmlY airoratt, ••re conald.red undeair la.UW'1l'l,!I, however, to the 1'act that t •• ....117 a1roratt have d.an1 att8lllPt to raid the clIIIPa of the Oanadian Foreat't'Y CorpanO .ttort has been e to hide the p11ea or slab lIOod andea at. and at o. 25 _111 acc ated aawdust was beingdlapoa ot b;1 burn •
10. ot the vario.... chang.a not•• the IIIOlIt 1JIIportanthave b.en 1210.. in the organlaatlo.. and expandon ot theCor trom twont,. to th1rt;1 oompezd•••
BXl',," S!OlI 0 TIlB C••C. sm 1 1
U. The tlrst req at tor t.e 0'1'181 ot Por••tl7unit. was • 1>7 the H C salon.r tor Canllda on 3 Oct39. 'l'he Canad1an Gov. nt pll on 20 Oct that, pendingnegoUationa in conneotlon wil;h the Air aining llch_, Itdid not oon. I' It ad...l.able to glv. an attlrmatlv. "I'at that t~. I' di.o don took plao. oul_'nat in
e de.pa b7 the H~ C doner ot t.l. _ 110. 0011on 8 Jun 40. latl,. thi. tel eted the t tionot 20 tore.tl7 c.-pan1... On 16 JIm 40 (co..t1r-d on 2 Jul40) Canada r.plied that the 20 0 anie••oul. b. organisedand do. to d ov 1'.... (.88 paru. 8, R. t o. 211).
12. 011 12 Jul 41 Lord anbarne. S8oretar;r ot tat.tor the Dom1nlona, ralaed the qlJ8.t1on ot the prov181011 ofan aM1t1 20 toreatr,. c ani... In a letter to theCenadlan 111~ C dener Lord Cranborn. ote. (l/FORESTRr/1/3,Lord Cranborne to the Hen. V. lIu .,.. 12 Jul U. al.o Tel.
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1279, Va•••y to External, 17 Jul 41).
'rho etf.ct of the Battle ot the Atlantic and •b.avy d.nand. for ebipping tor the .ar East andother theatres or war has, untortunatel~, rend-ered it nocessary to make progressive reduotionsin the quantity ",1: ebipping that can b. allooat.~
to bring raw mat.riel., and partioularl}' timb.r,to the Unit.d KingdClll. 'l'!l. tonnage avaHabl tobring t1J:lber fr= all sources of supply, of whiobCana.da 18, or course. the most important, 18 no. 80reduoed that it home produotio~ i. not inor...edabove the exi.ting 1•••1 ••riou. diffiolUt7 yari.e in meeting r.quir."",nt. • ...ntial to thesucc8ssrul conduot or the war. The allooationfor the F ting Bervio.. and other ••••ntialpurposes have been severely out, and all pos8ibleeoonomies in consumption made, but unl.ea8 UnitedKin om produotion 0 an b••ub.tantially increll5.dwith a min~ 0 d.la}' there i. ave danc.r tbat.took. of o.rtain kind. of timber, partioularl}'.oftwood, will bo reduood .arl}' in 1942 bel"" theminimum consid.red ....ntial for s.rvioing requirements in various areas or oonsumption. Thla beingso, .. hop. that tho Canadian Gav. ant will nowbo prspnr.d to raise a further "..nty Por.stry eompanioa for work in the woodlands ot the Unitod Kingdom, and I should be most at.tul it you would putthe mattor as soon a. po.sibl. to the CanadianGovornment, making it cl.ar bo" grateful". are forthe a••istanoo whioh th.y bav. alr.ady provid.d without ..nioh indeed the situation could not ha'18b••n met up to date - and how earns.tly we bope thatth.}' will tind it po.a1ble to moet this additionalrequ.st. Tlo are in 1:aot mo.t anxious tbat if theCanadian Gov.rnment oan .ee th.ir Vlay to undortakingthe provision ot the•• 1:urtber oompanies, the latt.r .hould be provid.d in the oours. of the pr..sent:J.ar as it is oonsid.r.d of the hi st importano..taat to r.li.v.. shipping on the Atlantio th.. ad-ditional oompanies sho-..lld all b. b.ro in time to b.at 'iIOrk by the lst of January n.xt.
13. In the event of ths Canadian Government b.. ing unableto aoo..do to this requ••t Lord Cranborn. augg••hd, 58 analternativ., that "350 .kill.d .awyers" might b. provided·on a oivil basis· tn work in conjunction witb ...mi-.killedor unakl11 d personnel 'Provided trail other sources.
14. 'rhe vi... of Gen.ral ollaughton on the subj.ot of..xpending the Canadian l"orestrr Corps are to b .. 1:0=0. in a.emorand~ from General tague, Senior Ortlce~. C.~.H. _,to • 88Y, 16 Jul 41 {1/FOREBTRY/l/31. Gen.ral lIontaguewrote:
1l011aughton .peoial1r .tr...... tbat b.fore .mbark·ing on new adventure. involving disper.al of ourresouroes we should be certain that w" will be ina po.ition to oarr,. out to the full, ev.n in a longwar, the military oollllll1t_nt. alr.ady und.rtslcenand suppl}' reinforo..ment. for unit. alreadr plodged.
Gensral Ilontague edded,
Needless to say, I entirely concur in the CorpsCommander's views and am very anxious to aee our
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laid down reinforoements availabls in Rngland atan elll'ly date and maintained in the future.
15. On 7 Aug 41 the Canadian Government telegr..phedthat it was undertaking a oareful survey of .,&1 power a~ail
able in Canada in the light of sxisting oomuittaenta and thatat present it was not possible to P1~ov1de turther speoialPorestry units of the typo re~leated (ibid; Tel, 1183, Externsl to Dominion, 7 Aug n.) This information was forwardedto Lord Cranborne on 8 Augu3t by • Kaesey (1/l>ORESTRY/l/3).
16. 110 spoo1fic reference had been made in TelegramHo. 1183 to the request tor :550 sk1110d sa-;wyera. • SCI}"therefore asked Ottawa wbether the same oonsiderations cppliedto tills requeet as to t!l8 fOl'l:l8r (ibid; Tel. 1433, Kassey toExternal, 12 Aug 4l); to whioh the Canadian Govertull8nt replied in the arfirmative (ibid; Tel. 1205, External to Dominion, 12 Aug 41).
17. Despite the Canadian refusal to entertain, for thetime being, any inorease ll1 the numbere of the C.P.C., theBritish Government put forward anothar suggestion that Canadami 'lht provid" a "skilled nuoleus for 10 companies" frOJllreinforcements available in Canada, British pioneer units toprovide the neoesaar.,. unskilled labour (ibid.; Tel. A.G.1763, Defensor to Canm11itr.,., 4 3ep 4l). General Wlrlte didnot approve the prinoiple of 'JIl1xed o"",panies·. He hadrejeoted a similar proposal put forward at a l118eting inll:DIIIBURJlI on 20 Aug 41, and urged the Canadian Governmentthat if "after going into all related JIlBtter." it shoulddeoide that "additional forestr.,. troops oan be lII8de available" they should be sent overseaa "as tive complete companiesplue one distriot headquart&re" (ibid.; Tel. G.S.1845, Canmilitry to Defensor, 7 Sep 41).
18. Before taking any definite aotion on thie matterthe C.G.S., Kajor-General H.D.G. Crerar, cabled on l~ Sep(ibid.; Tel. G.3.247, Defensor to Canm1litry, 13 Sop 41),uk for the considered opinions of eneral 1I01laughtonand "eneral ntague upon the eubject of additional Forestr.,.0OlllPanles, aasUlll1ng one thousand ....n to be availabl. Inrepl.,. General Kolla~ton expreaaed his oonourrence withGeneral bite that 'it is preferable to organize five oOlllPlet~
coys and Dietrict H.Q. rather than a number of nucleus co.,...·(ibid.; J1sjor Rodger to General 1I0ntague, 28 Sep 41). lieadded, however, that
If Canada dec ideo to undertake finanoial responsibility for any additional Fore.try Units orpsrsonnel, then SOlllG definite ,limit JIlU8t be plaoedon the numbers or otherwise nontlnu.al. demands torincreaaea _y be e~otad. (ibid.; MaJDr Rodgerto General 1I0nt e, \l .:Jot 41).
19. On 10 Oot 41 th C.G.S. wrote that the War Co.utteeof the Cabinet had deoided to maet the request of the Unitedn....gdoJll Gover.-nt for additional Foreatr.,. Corpa poraonnel
,(ibid.; "Kemorandum" by General Crerar, 10 Oot 41). And on30 Oot a oable was reoeived a" C.II.H.Q. stating that No. 21Coy would be available for despatch overseas by 1 Dec 41,No. 22 Coy by 15 Deo, and 23, 24 and 25 Coya by 1 Fsb 42(ibid.; Tsl. A.G.2ll, Defensor to Canmilitry. 30 Oct 41).
20. Aa General 1I0Waughton had predicted (see para. 16,above) further demands were soon made by the British Government.
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On l~ Jan 42 C.II.H.Q. telegraphed Ottawa enquir1ng whether,10 v1e. of requests from the ~101stry of Supply for add1t10nalForestry un1ts, ths ons thousand ...n already arran6ed forwere to be all t t would be furnished (1b1d.; Tel. A.B9,C l1try to Defensor, l~ Jan 42). 'l'h1s was an...sred on~l Jan 42 by a statsll8nt that a thor1t:r hed been anted tof'orm. rive more ocm.panleo, makinl; a total ot ten oompaniesor two thousand men over end above the original twenty oompanies. These were to be reoruited and organil:ed in Canada anddespatohed overseas "at the earliest po.sible 4 ate" (ibid.;Tel. A.G.4, Defensor to Canm111try, ~l Jan 42).
21. Owing to "IllUIIIpS ar.d 100lement weather" some delaywas exper1enosd 10 the despatch of the f1rst "f these compan1es wh1ch arr1ved short teD dsys of a full 81xty-da:r per10dof mi11tary tra1n1og (lbld.; Tel. G.S.T.a55, Defensor toOanmi11try, 27 Feb 42). The rems1n1ng compan1es arr1ved over-seas during the course of the spring and s r of 1~2, andby 9 October the whole movement was comploted (see Appendix"A") •
OWL~GES IN ORGANIZATION
22. :r • expansion ot the Canadian Forestry Corps from10 to 20 oompan1es necessitated oerta1o changes 1n orgllll1zat1cn. The or1g1oal request contemplsted that the Oorps shouldoperate 10 two blocka of 10 compan1es eachl one to operats 10the United X1ngdom and the other 1n anoe. Wh~n 1t becameobv10us, 10 Jun 40, that the oompanies eermarked for Franoe.....re "doubtful .tal·ters", the suggest10n was put forward that allcompanies should be s nt to Great Sr1ta1n and "held 10 oupsof f1ve under a Headquarters, Forestry Group' (l/RAIL - poR/l;
emorandum, 15 J'm 40).
2~. The or1ginal War Estab11s~nt, as approved by theMinister of National Defence, was to come into etfect when.five 01' more companies were ouped for operatlona in thes ..... d1str1ct. Upon th1s b.... ls only four D1str1ct Headq11arterswere author1zed for the Oorps (par..... 33-5, Report No. 29).Owi..ng, however, to the eat d.ietanoes between the locationawhere cCllllPan1es were to operate (a c<llia1derat10n governed bythe locatior.. ot the various timber areaa acquired tor thECorps by the Brlt1sh 1I1n1stry of Supply, Home Grown TimberProduct10n De~srtment) 1t soon beoame apparent that the administration of the Corps would oe fao1l1tated b:r the organ1zat10n of f1ve, rather than four D1str1ct Headquarters.Br1gad1er-General ~11te, therefore, approa hed C.M.H.Q. withthe request "that author1t:r be granted tor the organ1zatlonand operation of five Forestry District Headquarters" upon an_nded eatabl1shment. The proposed esteblbhllBnt reducedthe number of -:>ffioera from five to tour, other ranks trom.thirty to twenty, ond transport from e1ght tour-seater careto five (6/FOR.OORPS/l; General White to O.II.H•• , 17 Apr 41).
24. Tn1s request was submitted to Ottawa by C.M.B.Q.on 22 Apr 41 (1b1d.; Tel. G.S.67~,. Canm111try to Defsnsor,22 Apr 41). After some delay the rev1sed estab11ehment wasapproved by .D.H. w1th effect ao fro. 1 lIay 41, with provision for five District ad~ nrters (ibid.; Tel. G.S.D.1003; Defensor to Oanmi11tr:r, 28 Jun 41).
25. The movement of the Forestry un1ts to the Un1tedIUngdom .as oompleted on 2 Jul 41 and the Oorps w.... organized as f o11owe:
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H.Q., Canadian Fo~eatry Corps,Five District H.~.
T""n\;y FOl'estr;r Compaahs,One ~ore8try Reinrorce nt Section.
Four Tachn1cal Sections vere also ~utnorized. The.e included I
Auditing and Accounting Section,Trane"ort Seotion,Tecbn1c Equipment & ~upplies otion,Pore3try Section.
26. Although responsibility for the cost and provisionof hospital facilities was und rtaken by the itish Government, Canadian medical personr.el (R.C.A.M.C.) were attaohedto H•• , c.p.e., and Headquarter. or Districts. Case., upondischarge from ho.pital, were to be returned to the Reinforce",ent Seotion of the C.P.C. and from thenoe to their re.pectiveunits. A.ll medical documentation 1f8.8, or courae, in thehands ot tbe Canadian '8oerds ffioe (ibid.; Colonel Lutonto General White, 3 Jun 41).
27. The increased activities ot the C.P.C. placed asevere atrain upon ths lIlElchanical equiPJ:18nt et the Corps,in partie ar Diesel tractors, motor tran8pcrt, etc. Aocordingly, a request was eub!llitted for the enlarge ent ot the tacilitios of tho Transport Section and it. cenversion into aGeneral Workshop under tr~ dlreotlon ot an A.D.T.O., (S/CFC GEN/1/2; Tel. Q.M.G.8, Defeneor to Canmilitry, no date, 42).Thi. enlargement was concurred in by N.D.H.Q. (a/FOR.CORPS/l;Tel. Q.K.G.9, n.d., 42). The r vlsed establishment calledfor tho organization of a General ork.hop at BLAIR ATHOLL,and scalIer Workshops In four of the exiatlng five Dlstricta.
26. At the a""", t1lll<> a Conat ctlon and ¥aintainance3<lotion was llJIked for in view of the building of new aawm1llaand campa to hou.e the additional Foreatry companiea arriving from Canede during the course of 1942. Moreover, thepolioy of changing caap locations every elghteen nthenecessitated th frequent construction of new bul1dinga(S/CPe GlC'/l/2; Ileneral ntague to Genaral Mcllaughton, 7May 42).
211. The errival ot the ne. compa.."l1es brought torwardthe ~uestion of the adviaability ot increaaine the number ofDiatrict Headquartera from riva to seven. The ar Eatablish-
nt of the C.F.C. (Cdn.l Gen/l940/l01lA!2)pr,vided, as alreadynoted, for tha organizatlon of a Diatrict Headquartera whentour or IIOre Forestry COlllPanles ahould be group d tor operationsin t aame area. In an effort to eoonomi.e .a much a. poaalbIe, conaiatent with efticlent operatlon, it was consideredthat tor the t~ being at Isast the new companles ahould bedistributad .mong the axiating five Diatricts in which H.Qs.had preViously been organized. Owing, however, to the factthet tha length ot t1me any ona company was atationed in aplU~tloular oamp depended upon the ~ount ot available timberadjacent to that .1te and the consequent neceaaity ot fre-qu.n~ reallocation of companies w1t~ Districts, it ...doemed adviaable by H. ,C.F.C., that the au~hor1ty to for::>additional Dletrict H.Qa. when necoaelU'y should remain un-
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disturbed (a/FOR. CORPS/l , Colonel Jonss to General Montague,9 Apr 42).
30. Further amendments to the War Establisbment of theC.F.C., relating partioularly to the strengtb of Corps H•• ,were submitted to C.1l.:H.Q. by General ite on 30 lIay 42(S/CFC GEN/l/2). The details I\I&Y be found in General WIlite I sletter bere n~ted and in a memorandum by Lt.-Col. W.B. Wedddated 2S Jun 42 (ibid.). These amendments, Which involvedthe emplo:flllSnt of additional manpow.r, were the subjeot ofoonsiderable oorrespondence between O.II.H.Q. and the Canadianand Britisb Governments. Finally on 18 Feb 43, General Montague wrote to General MoNaughton requesting hia approval"pending formal authorization by H.D.H. "(ibid.).
PROPOSALS TO REDUCE THE C.F.O.
31. OWing to the manpower "oeiling" of 232,000 plaoedby the Canadian Government upon the Canadian Army Overseasfor the fisoal year 1943-44, a survey was undertaken of available manpower within the United Kingdom with a vi.w to produoing "a properly balanced foroe" and r educing Wherever possibleunneoessary serv1ces. Tho proposal was J therefore. put torward by the Oanadian Army Pl8lUling OoJlllll1ttee thet the C.F.O.m1gtlt be reduced to 3,120 all r anka, or approximately by one~
half, thereby making it possible to include within the allotted manpower ceiling various railway troops oompanies forWhich the British Government had made "epeated requests sinoe1939 (1/FORESTRY/l/31 General lIontague to the Under Secretaryof State, the War Office, 2 Mar 43).
32. This proposal was disoussed at a meeting at theWar Office on 17 Mar 43. llhlle adm1tting the neosssity offrosing men in order to build up the "Oanadian ExpeditionaryForce", it was agreed that beoeuse of "the greatly increasedshipping requirements which would rasult from any reduotionin the strength of the personnel employed on forestrl work1n the U.K." no large-scale releases should be made at present". At the aame time the policy, already adopted, of oombing out high-oatagory men for combatant servioe was to beoontinued; and five oompanies were earmarked tor future aervice with the a.E.F. (ibid.: memorandum of meeting held atthe War Offioe 1100 hrs., 17 liar 43, see also BrigadierRodger to Major-General A. Galloway, D.S.D., War Offioe, 27Ilar 43).
33. In discussing any reduction of the O.F.C. oertainoonsiderations had to be taken into aooount. In the firstplace. it was neoessary that the rema1ning Fore8try oompaniesshould oontinue to operate with efficiency, in the seoondplace, the personnel of the C.F.O., speaking ganerally, formeda higher age-group than the Army as a whols and, inoidentally,a lower literacy group. It would be quite impossible, asBrigadier A.W. BeAment, D.A.G., C.M.H.Q., pointed out in amemorandum of 27 Mar 4S, lU'titrarlly to withdraw man and officers from the C.F.O. without knowing "the purposss for Whiohthey are to be employed" elsetthere (ibid.).
34. Finally tbe suggestion was put forward that theO.F.O. m1gbt, sa an experiment, submit 200 names per monthof personnel whom they proposed to transfer to oombatantunits. Theae namea wure to be forwarded to the Seleotionof Personnel Seotion at C•••H.Q., Who would maka the neoes-sary reoommendations regarding their suitability for the varioue
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Arma of the servics. 150 names would then be selected fortransrsr. Ths number 200 was suggested in order to give sOlll8leeway in selection (ibid., IIsmorandum, Lt.-Col•••W. Boward,A.A.G.(S.p.),C.K.H.Q., 28 Apr ~3).
35. This suggestion ..... approved by C.II.H.Q.I and on19 lIay ~3 the first list of 200 O.Rs. submitted by H.Q.,C.P.C., as candidates for posting to other Corps, w... forwardedto the A.A .G. (S.p.), C.II.H.Q. (ibid.).
36. The proposed reduction in the O.P. C. cut direotlysoroas ths suggested inorsase in the War Bstabliahment of theCorpa, as noted in para.30. When the amendments noted nresubaltted to B.D.H.Q. by O.II.H. , Defensor replied by cableon 12 Apr ~3 that "proposed submiasiOl1 for revised establishment for Headquarters Cdn Porestry Corps 18 being held over...having in mind that ths present proposed revision is designedto administer ~O Forestry Co,. where.. it revised proposalsare aocepted there will be approJdJllately 15 Coys only to administer" (5/CFC GRR/l/21 Tel. G.S.D.461, Defensor to Canm11itry.12 Apr ~). However, on 7 lIay, C.II.H•• telegraphed Otta_requesting that steps be taken to proceed nth the authorization of the ..-nded War Establishment .... any reductiondeoided upon for C••C. will not take effect for some time·(ibid., Tel. G.S.I025, Canm11itry to Defensor, 7 lIay ~3).
37. Ths final decision both ... regards the ""w WarBstablishmont of: the Canadian Pore.try Corps and its proposedreduotion to meet manpower needs in other Corps is stillpending at the time of writing.
RQUIpliIEIiT
38. The C.P.C. has been equipped on the basis of thsmost up-to-date methods of logging oarried on in E...ternC""ada supplemented by some speoial types of equipment floomwestern Canada. Amo the items of equipment, all of which,outside or certain motor vehicles, 1s ot Canadian manufacture,are International T.D.9 traotors, Laurentide sulkies, andLawrenoe 2 and 3 drum winohes for high lead logging. Ths sa~
IIl1.lls (Parano and Payette models) are of the medium type, semiportable rotary mills nth 16 foot oarriages, log haul-up,5-lnch :5 eaw edgers, rotary reaa. (except in one instancewhere a band saw is used), spool strippers and trimmer tables.The a111s are. for the most part, powered by InternationalU.D. 18 one Imndred horse-power Diesel engines. In a fewinstanoes, steam power is used. Baoh mill is also equippedwith a small ·Scotoh Bench· for outting mining timbers andother small pleoes.
PRODUCTION
39. The production of the Corps is largely sam lumberfor the ational Stock. In addition, telegraph poles, pitprops, pit wood, pulp wood, slab for fuel and building purposesand boat skins a::oe turned out in varying quantities floom the
-different allIs.
40. The extent of the Corps' operations may be learnedfrom ths following average daily produotion figures for aamlumber for the week ending 2~ Peb ~3 (Appendix, ar Diary,H.Q. No.3 Distriot, C.F.C., liar 1943).
No.1 District - 24,343 F.B.II. per mill per day• 2 • - 30,596 P.B.II. n " " "• 3 • - 2~,568 F.B.II. " " " "• 4 " - 26,430 P.B.II. " " " "n 5 • - 24,208 P.B.II. " n " "
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41. Total produotion figures for different items fromthe commencement of operationa in 1941 until the end of llarch1943 are ae followe (Append1Jt, liar Diary, H.Q., C.P.C., Ilar43):
oub.tt.pol..spoles.
208,635,769 P.B.Il.BO,301.6B tonslB,436.24 tons10,656.09 tone
147,B74.Bl tons
130,570.9B25,70944 .. 153
3HIPJlElllTS
awn lumberTonnage woodPulp woodPit props, etc.Slab woodLogo and boat
skinaG.P.O. pol..aR.A.P. pol..s
42. Originally all shipmenta w..r .. mad.. by rail, butdifficulti..s were aoon ..xp..ri..nc..d in obtaining th.. n..o..asaryntmb"r of railway wagons for that purpo.... Aooordingly, inApril 1942, arrange nts were mad.. to ahip cargoes of lumb..rby moana oJ: coastal st.. rs. Th.. prinoipal shipping portwas IlIVERlIESS, which served Distriots 1, 3 and 5; other portsus..d included ERDEElf, DUNDEE:, CROJlAllTY, .ONTRO"B and INVERGORDOH.
43. Th.. ua.. oJ: aoa transport tonded to ......0 the shippingsituation aomewhat, and at the end oJ: June 1942 it was reportedthat:
Pr....ure on the railways du.. to t1Jllber ahipments,during the monthe of y and Jun.. 1942, W'18 slightly eas..d owing to the J:aot that a phntitul aupplyor coastal steamers was made available. However. thesituation as regards raHway wagons is still v ..ryunsatisfactory and will oontinue to be ao, owingto the faot that sutfioi..nt railway wagons areapparently not available to talc.. oare of our requ1re:oente. (Appendix, War Diary, H•• , C.P.C.,Jun 42).
44. At the 8ll'O tim.. neVI methods of loading t1Jllber onrailway wagons were devis..d by th.. Corps, reaulting in 60-65p..r cent mor.. mat..rial b..ing oarried by th.. wagons than formerly. Testa were oarried out and the neoessary approval ofthe L.Il.S. Railway autho,.ities at IHVERIIESS obtained. stationmasters were aooordingly instruoted to aocept lumber loadedaooording to the n..w method in July 42 (Appendix, War Di...,-,H.Q•• C.P.O •• Jul 42).
45. Shipments by st..amer have shown oonalderable in-oreue during 1943. In Ilazooh of this year 4,lll,82B P.B.Il.were shipped trom INVBRIlESS and 2,613,013 F.B.Il. trom ABERDE:lII.Large quantities were also shipp..d from 1l0NTROSB (976,614P.B.Il.), BURGHEAD (842,867 P.B ••• ), IWKRGORDOK (831,423P .B.Il. and 1,300 tons oJ: tonnage wood), and CROJlAllTY (353,327B.B ••• ). In addition larg.. quantities of National Stooklind tonnage wood were shipped by boat J:rom G OurB andIRVIllE. It is oJ: some interest to note that the ahipments!:rom ports sup..rvised by the C.F.C. were 40 per cent greaterin \larch 1943 than on any previous oocaaion. All ahipmentetrom tllo ports of GRAllGEIIOUTH and IRVIllE were handled bythe JI1n1stry of Supply. Some idsa of the extene of shipmentsof lumber by tile C.P.C. and of their present stook on handmay be obtained frOlll th.. following t1 es, which are aocurateto the end of ell 43.
Sawn lumberTonnage woodPulp ..oodPit props, etc.SlabsLoge and boat
46. Tbo disposal o~ sl..b ..ood and sawdust baa presenteda problem o~ considerable magnitude to the C.F.C. The sa_mills are not e quipped with burners, and British stovee and~aces are not dos1gned to use sawduet u ~el. In Jul,.Illfll a conference ..as held with representatives o~ the Ministryo~ Fuel ~or the purpose o~ discussing t.e possible utiliaation o~ slab wood and other ..ute products ~rom the C.F.C.lII111s ~or ~el purposes (lfar Diary, H.Q., C.F.C., Jul fll).But apparently no ~ther action hes been taken along theselinea. In several inatancee, however, PorestrJ companies,in the proximity o~ largs town., have been able to make specialanoaneements ~or the sale of slab ..ood ~or ~el. In the cueo~ Iio. 13 Coy,near RllCHIlI', sales of slab wood have totall.edu high as £700 in a single month, with normal monthly saleso~ £'00 - £450. ere it not ~or the shortage o~ transport,mill authorities estl.mate that the SalSI might be even ;reateI'.The prices charged are 12s. 6d. a tcn for long Slabl, 20••I ton for cut slob. (5 to 9 inches), and ls. per mile d.liverycharge, and the proceed. are turned oVer to the Kinistry ofSUpply.
OTHER SERVICES OF TIlE a .F.C.
47. The previous Report re~erred to the sno.. removalservice during the winter of 1941 u an example of the verlatility and handiness o~ the Forestry Oorps personnel (para.61, Report 29). It is suf~icient to note hare that thisoeMice ..u continued during tho ..inters o~ 1941-42 and 4.2-43.Four ne.. sno..-ploug!ul arrived in January 1942. According tcan ent dated 31 Jan 42 in the War Diary o~ H.Q., C.F.C.,
the arrival o~ the sno.. plo..s ..as very opportune.The,. came at the time or & very .evere anow stormand ..ere 1.Dmediatsly put into lervice. The plonare mounted on the tront o~ Ford 158 inoh DumpTrucks.
48. Tho C.F.C. hu allO ..ailted in othar operationsoutl1de of their normal duties as lumber men. They haveaoted al ~ire ~ighters (Appendix, War Diary, H.Q., C.P.C.,Apr fll); rond builders (War Diary, H•• , C.F.C., y 41);suppUed lIIOtor transport ~or local Home Ouard units (Appendix,War Diary, H.Q., C.F.C., Sap 41)1 usisted No.2 AustralianForestry Oompany ..ith meohanioal repairs (.lppend1x, War Diary,H.Q., C.F.O., J=41); oonstructed a ramp leading to the ne..a1.rcra1't .Up...y at INVERGORDOIl (Appendix, War Diary, H.Q.,O.F.O., A 41) I and even transported a whale boat :!'rom ABERFOYLII station to LAII:E OF IIZII'l'EITH (War Diary, H.Q., C.F.C.,Jul 41). In Kay 19f1l the Construction and lIIaintenance Seotionbuilt a Prisoner of ar CIIIlP to house 500 Italian prisonersnear BLAIR ATHOLL. This clIIIP .... constructed under specialarrange nt .. ith tha British vernment (War Diary, HistorioalOffioer, 23 lllay fll).
49. When the proposal was put forward to construot
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a very large aeroclrome, required for the il.O.A.F. Air Component of First Cdn Army, at DIDlSPOLD near GUILIlFORD, SURREY,the preaence of wcoda on the uncleared s1ta auggested theutilization of the aerv1c.s of the C.F.C. for the purpose oft1lllber rel8Oval. The R.C.S., Who ware charged with the rBBpons1bll1ty of the task, did not po88e88 trained foreatry peraonnel of their own and it was bel1evod that "in view of the1JzIportanoe and urgenoy of the projeot, far greater apeed andeff1c1enoy would be obtained if the logging crew could besupp11 d by the C.F.O." (63/CFC/l, Burchett to J1cLean, 4lllay 62). An addttional argument for taking advantage oftrained C.F.O. personnel was the fact that e clearing wouldbe done in a manner 1lh1ch would make it poadble for the timberto be made use of by the Ministry of Supply.
50. At lllajor-General Hertzberg's requBBt, Lt.-Col. E.P.Burchett, A.D.T.O. of the C.F.C., conducted a prel1B1naryaurvey of the area to be cleared and prepared a report outlining the ....n and equ1pmant nece88ary (ibid.).
51. Although the 0.1".0. ware under the control of C.III.H.Q.they occupied, at the same time, a position of speo1al relationship as regards the British Government. It was, therefore,considered a neceasary courtesy for C.III.R•• to approach thear Office with a request that a detachaent of the Corps be
lent to the R.C.E. for a period cf one lIlOnth (ibid., Generalontague to the Under Secretary of State, 111.0.2, ? Hay 42). .
Although some miaunderstand1ng appear. to have exiated in theminds of the lIIin1stry of &~pplyw1th respect to the degree ofoontrol which they paslessed over the a.F.e., tn. ooncurrenceof the ar Office and the lIIinistry of Supply was obtained on16 lllay 42 (ibid., D.III.0. & P. to S.O., C.III.H. , 16 lIIay 42).
52. In a note to General 1I0ntague dated l? lIIay 62, GeneralcNaughton exprBBaed hia pleasure at hearing "that arrange
ments have been IIUlda for our For~atry detao_nb to undartake the Forestry work at DUllSFOLD". He addedl "apart trOllall other cona1derationa, the 1natance has baen uaeful in thatit sho.....that we do not intend to have our man al1p outfrOll under Canadian jur1ad1ction and authority" (ibid.).
RELATIONS OF THE C.I".C.WITH 'l'III!: LOO.&L POPULATION
53. Broadly speaking, the good relations referred to inpar...... 39, 41-42 of Report Bo. 29 have been maintained. Allranks, with whOlll the writer spoke during his visit to thedifferent oompan1BB of the Corps, were h1gh in their pra1aeof the Scottish people, and a number of the men had alreadychosen Soott1sh girls for their wivea.
54. A perusal of the ar Diaries of tha different DistrictH. Qa. reveals 11ttle unpleaaantneaa, aave the bolated caae ofa Canadian soldier being stabbed in the back by a Po11shsoldier during a New Year's brawl in MONTROSE (War Diary,H.Q. No.2 District, Jan 42), and one or two 1natancea ofpoaching. On the other hand, there are m.uneroua retereno••to tr1endly cooperation, official and unofficial, with theSoott1ah mi11tary and civilian population.
55. The following tribute paid by Lady Lovat, a neighbourof H.Q., C.F.C •• to the Foreatry Corpa, as reported in the"Football TimBs of IlIVERlUlSS on 15 Aug 62, may probably beregarded as 1nd1oat1ve of the attitude of the Soott1sh peopletowarda the Canadian troopsl
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..
..~~:: an4 tr1bute to the C...." an Corpa'Nl!' to a tep f in \IlI1' 8D"CIa' k,at tetea an4 4..oa. an4 in all the roun4or obarltl.. and ll10na to prov14ab , ibitlan abN, or ~, CII'
• !be.. tbe7 ..... 40- ~
~~~wi~~it~anY_nUflO the dUtloult1ea 1Gbba .-. an 1JIIpc)rtant • u
P -.lOS 11Tl!Oel"lltand1rlg Wh1_lty and tpl.uUinaa. or ln41v14ual
bean ao Napcnaib1e tar oraat1ll8.
VISrrS A"'D n I 8
41ft ..-nt per1oc1a 1ng the laat two ,aU'a theatl'7 Oorps baa boen hono bT dalta an4 in-
''''''otl_ b aov 41at~ labe4 raana. On • .run ,L1eut.~ A.P.A.I. TbOrDe. 0.9., 0 •••0., D.S.O. G.O.C.-tn-C. t ott1ah C,w'.'Id, ina oted a in the 0lllIEIlN& J)1al'7 n.. • Dtatrlot,. Ju1 QI. Liaut.-Oeneral ina ° c a ot tba • 4 1Il8~ ( D1&r1, B•• O.P.C., B Ju1 Qh in e tol-lowing • tt'roy ape. r SaoretaIT otstate tar the Dcn1aSClllll, pa14 a vUlt to C Hea4quartera•
... a""val C.P.C. 0"'P" ( lll' D1ar7, ll•• C.P.O•• 27Ql. On 27 n the 01'. Vtnoent NT. C_sa_
al tar C......a. tool< the aalute at 1rlau e wt*l..~eoted a'lU'l4a 10. 16. ~.t 19 and II. C ~4put ( D1&l'1, B•• c.P.c•• 27 p nl.117. ~ 7 p U Nlaote4 daMna tl'Qll the oaqpan1ea or
• a D1.tr1ot ..1'0 Ivlle to u.lat at a Royal lnapeot-len .t Il RAL C • 1'Iw _ ..... ooav~ by 101'l'Y tJoasAIlO!lIIl to 8ALIiI RAL, 'IIIbeN tlwly _ c!ram u,p in ~la. formaU !be !1n8, aooCl!llPN'te4 bT the oen and the two Pr1n....... lNJ)llotad tbe ...., paua1nc evel'7 .0 orten to .peak witht PoU the 1111I otlon the took tbe aalute ata put, e!lG'a1 te -rid Ltl. 01. CaldwU.
0,0., iO. B Pare.trT Dutrlot. _ invlted to lunchwith the11' ,.tlo. c Outle ( , II.. • aD1a lot, 7 .1, B. 0 .c., '1 I.W. In J .a. Lieu. Jl&l"lI1 81r IJ1lfPa4 I,SodaeU.K•••, D• •0., ••0. , __* 1.111 WOl'"k in orth .lh-1_ocntr1butad eo tq to t be a o. or IIcmtG:'-'1'J'and tlMl th vtaited the C•••C. to 8 J«1U&l'J'be 1111I ae In Dtatrlota 5, • aDd 5. &lid
!'ranapol"t and 'feoIm1oal~ .Dd pUa. 841otIll1Wat LAIR ATIIOLt. ( D1al'7. B•• C.P.O., J U). InSepteeer or the • ,a&1'. the Bon. J .L. IIalaton, IUaSatar orlTatlonal Daten ,~ by Jl&l"lI1 teau-. l!en1orottlcer. O. .R. ., an4 "11' _1ll1... Roote., ChaUlDan the!u,pp1T ttae, tl'7 ot ply, olll'rla4 out c lnapeot-lon ot dUtarent unita ot tbe Carpe ,Wlll'D1al'7. B.Q. O.I".C.,7 8ep .al.50. In Janll&rT .., It _ UIDOIJI](lOd that Ilr~~~~.Oeneral llh1te bel! boea tha a.B.B. aDd flO Feb ~be attended an 1nvut1~ at &1_ tlo ..cd...tho tile hand. or !I1a lIaj.at7 ( D1&rT. a.F.O••Il Peb ).
/I It
/1I ,
I ~
OF 'l!IB 0 •••0.
I
&:l. IUUt in t 1. led _ ,melartba lan or • - tar)- aDd A.R.P.otr1ll4I1'" att Oarpl ad • Lt. al. J • Dun;lop.!'be pollo7 'Ih1ab haa _ a40pte4 calla 1'01' aUltc'7~
• .. dI'1U. 'Fl. otlon t. -os-Ilgrll'.....otrtloe. etc., a J gaaerall7 tUl'da7a. QUloenaDd o. • _ taned to atteD4. 10ua_~ or ina It-t1CII1 • 18 lIl'I' .-de with O•••R. • aDdlloott1ah
• At tba • ts.. vlll'1oua 0 or tba 00l'P8partl01pate in d1f'1'~t UlIl'01aea in ocojunotlan withH QI,ard lUllS tha gular \IDder ott1ah 0 •It 18 urmeoe."1'7 to 11IIt heft a1.1 or ...al'C1Ha in 1II>1oh
Canad'an. haVe • -7 b. tound b:v • rer-4lNt1cte to tba D1&I'1.. or savONl D1atrlct quAI1'tara.aDd to tba 01...1.. at tba Snd1rt4ua1 • at tian
, be dUaotad to a t 1aa 0lU'l'1a4 out in1 • WL1 C.P.O. c~s•• 1. 7. O. 23, 87 aDd
l!8 101patad aJ. with the llllt14 (~1aIl4) YH in • of, PoUOWlLZlltba exero1aa 0.0. • Wl'Cto to Lt.-eo1.Ocotlnlll' .t:~~'2 h1II <:II' the - ..111'1 tine 6aff' put an b7 theun1t. or c.p.a. Jla ,
baY. JIr098d a1.1 sible to tbata 1aa at rOl'CN with '_lllnalll_.SnitSatl.. de 111_ oan oau.. terribled1tt1ou1t1aa tho a<I\' or bS""-7 0I'1lan1ae4
• lor roroe.. YOUl' toobnSquI in ~
ter ot reed b10"..ka auparl:l an4 1 _ partlCUlar-ly iJnpressed with the 1 a or blocld.n8 a roa4 ntha 10l'r7" lad nth idler with tha 1cIn1' ' ......U·1Md b7 tba _al ot rotOl' -. I do w1ah too tulato J'CIU OIl work aDd tbanIc J'CIU tetr allJOO1' balp. I do not II1n4 aQSng lib t J'CIU sne the6llnd Dinal... be blts e- etch tbe7 hawnot ,.t reoovvea aDd 'Ih1Gb too. llbe7 haw 1.arrle4-.:r uae1'ul 1eaJl<lIIa. ( • D1aP7. B.~. 0.1'.0.,Dec tIIJ _ ~ \tal'D1aP7. H. • a D1atr10t. Deo till.
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64. The exact details of the military role of the C.F.C.are. ot course, a matter to be arranged between the variousDistrict Headquarters and the Sub-Area Commanders, ScottishCOIIIIlalld. Broadly speaking, the duties or the C.P.C. aredefensive and anti-invuion. At a conference between GeneralWaite and Major neral A.T. ller, A.G. & Q.M.G., ScottishCommand, held in EDINBURGH on 2 Jun 41, the following principles were agreed upon sub Jec t to the approval of CanadianMUitary Headquarters (S!FORllSTRY!ll General White to General
ontague, 16 Jun 41). In the event of invasion the units ofthe C. .C. would be called upon -
(a) to protect the own oampa;
(b) to attack air-borne troops should they landin an area in which the C.F. C. is operatingl
(c) to cooperate with the Home G~ard and Imperialtroops that may be in the vicinitYI
(d) to man road blocks within renaonable distancestram the di1"ler nt c. .r;. camps;
(e) to defend neighbouring aerodrones and flyingfields within the C.F.C. operationll aroa.
65. Further information regardi the military role orthe C.F.C. is to bo found in a memorandum by Brigadier II.H.S.Penhale, dated lB lIay 42 (ibid.). He wrote,
(1)
(2)
(8)
During my visit to the C.F.C. in Scotland Itook occasion to enquire into the oporationalrole allotted to those Units by Scottish Command. I found that Companies have been allotted specific tasks in the Defence Scheme and;with few exoeptions, all units are given a staticrole of defence of selected localities in, whatis described as, "the outward perimeter" ofdefence.
In most cues these positions eithor coverlanding places or aerodromes closs to thecoast line.
-The inner per1.meter" or main defonsive positions are understood to be manned by regul&1'troops of Scottish Command. Toua it will beseen that Units of the C.F.C. are of the natureot outposts, which, in the event or invasion,would be expected to resist to the utmost oftheir capabilities, to gain tiJDe for mainforoes to be moved into Battle positions. Iwould not anticipate much possibility of anyof these Units being extricated fro. theirpositions under the Battle conditions whichwould be likely to arise. In 1 cuee thatI reoall, on "Stand ton, unit. would be movedfrom their present working camps by Ileana oftheir 01ll'l traneport over dietancee rangingup to 20 or 80 mUes to the looalitiee whichthey have been detaUed to -oGcuPY.
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66. At present the ar Establishment ot a Forestrycompany. does not provids tor any division into sub-units.Such sub-units aa do extet in ths ditterent companies visitedby the writer are purely domestic arrangements tor convenience tor military operations. Reoently suggestions have beenput torward by the War Ottice th~t the c.r.c. companies mi~tbo reorban1zed tor operational purposes into 3 infantry platoons and 1 spare platoon; a"d that 2-inch and 3-inch mortarsll11~t be added to the soale ot issue ot weapons (ibid.; Rodgerto Be nt, 30 Jan 43). No action, hawver, appears to havebeen t &ken to date to 1mplement thsse suggestions.
LEGAL STATUS OF Till!: C.F. C•
67. Tne clusion ot the C.F.C. among the combatanttroops ot the Canadian Arcy has raised t.portant questions01" legal relationship. Insotar as the First Canadian Armyand C.M.H.Q. are concsrned. the latest Order ot Battle (26Nov 42) available to the writer lists the C.F.C. under "FormatioIl8 and Units Under Connand C.I4.H.Q." There appears to beno doubt on thia point. A memorandum prepared by the J.A.G.branch. C.M.H•• , dated 24 Aug 42 (6/FOR.CvRPS/l) states,
From the date on which the '2/n (i.e., C.F.C.) ......organized up to the present time, the edm1n!stration ot the m;n baa been carried on nder C.M.H.Q.and never under l'irst Canadien Army.
6 The connexion of the C.F.C. with the British authorities haa been twotold, adminietrativc and operational. Fromthe point of view at administration the relations; p is tairlyclear. Arr&n<;ementa were made between the Canadian snd Unitedlt1ngdo Governments '0' reb,. each would bear portion ot theOOlt and expensos of transporting and mll1ntaini the Corps.Broadly speaking the Canadian Govsrnmant bears the cost ottransportationa overseas, and of all pay, pensions, dependents'allowanoes and ossential personal equipment. The United It1ng-dom Gave nt pays tor all other services 00 eoted with theequipment, York a::d maintenance as well u ::cdlcal services,licht, rations and other administrative expenaeJl.
69. The division ot the finanoial burdens. &II outlined,necesDltatod control or cortatn administrative activities byC.K.H.Q. and ot other activities by the British. The Canadianauthorities retained control ot sorvices relQting to pay,rocords and adm1n13tratlon, aves rogistration and dllpoaalof etteots, reinforce ents and disoiplinel the British,through the I!oma Grown Timber Production Dapartl:lent of theMinist of Supply, the eraas in which timber operations areto take plaoe and such services as barrack accommodation.rations and hospitalization (Addendum to Report No.2G).
70. Prom the military point ot view the queetion ot ,legal relationship is not so clearly detined, probably be-cause no circumstances have as yet ar1.en wh.1ch might: necessitate any tinal end definite arrangements.
71. At the d13ouss1on between General White and GeneralMiller. referred to in para.64. General ita made it olearthat "before any oonaiderable body or Canad1an Forestry Corpstroops could be eent any considerablo diltence from our operations to support British land torces that authority wouldhave to be reoeived from Canadian Military Headquarters"(3/FORESTRY/l. General Ilh1t. to General Montague, 16 JIm 41).
72. In order to regularize any arrangements tor aoting
•
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-in combination with" tho British foroes, ond in view of thefaot that the exigenoies of tile 01tuation tight not perlll1tthe neoessary issuo of a for Order of Detail, General.ontague issusd an "Order Prel1lll1nary to Order of Detail"on 14 Jul 41. The pertinent ssctions of this Order were ...follows (3/FORESTRY/l: 29/VIS.FOR/5),
(1) Under the Visiting oroes Aots of the UnitedKingdom and Conada, the legal position tathat the Conadian military force constitutedby the Canadian Forestry Corps is "aervingtogether" with the military forces of theUnited K1nl!dom. The stat"" of "aot incombination" with the military force. of theUnited Kingdom, f"roa whioh unity or commandOr the ccmbined toroe results, will come intoexistenoe only upon the Canadian toroe, constituted oy the C~dian Forestry Corps, beingdetaUsd 80 to aot by the Senior Officer ofCanadian JUl1tary Headquarter. in Great Britain.
(2) The Canadian Porestry Corps being no., and solong as it or any part thereof is, located inScotland, upon reoeipt of adTioe from theG.O.C.-in-C., Soottish Co-.nd, that he haaissued the order" tand to", the Gttlcer Commanding Canadian Forestry Corps will at oncenotify the Senior Officer, C•••H.Q., of suchand in any event will forthwith act on the assumption that tho requisite order is being1moediately issued by the Senior Officer,C••H.Q., detail1ng the available troops nnderthe oOll1llland of the Officer Commanding CanadianForestry Corps to aot in oombination with themilitary forces of the United Kinedom underthe command of the G.O.C.-in-O. Scottish Command.This Order of Detail, will, in fact, be issuedverbally, or otherwise if this be not poso1bla,the instant the Senior Officer, c ••.n.Q., isadvlaed that the "Stand to" ol"der haa boeniesued.
(~) In t.he reSUlt, therefore, upon the issue ot"Stand to" order, the toroe oonstituted bythe Canadian Forestry Corps will oome underthe oommand of the G.O.C.-in-C. Scottish Command tor operations.
73. The purpose of this Preliminary Order, in whiohGeneral McNaughton conourred (3/FORESTRY!1: Major Rodger toCeneral Montague, 19 Jul 41), wes to enable the C.F.C. to oomeunder the command 01' the C.O.C.-Ln-c., Soottish Command, at somefuture date without any loss of tlme involved in w a1ting forthe iseue of Order of Detail by the Senior Orficer, C•••H.Up to the present time no such order haa been given by theSenior Officer, and the Canadian Forestry Corps 1&, thore-fore, not "in combination with" the British troops \mderSoottish Command.
7~. Further to this problem of legal relationship,Brigadier Penhale wrote in his memorandum, referrsd to inpara. 55: "Agreement with the War Office specifioally indicatss,with the exoeption of certain reserved administrative questions,C.F.C. personnel are under operational control of the War Office.'
-17-
By the term "operat1onal oontrol" Brig er Penhale _ant.however. torestry operationa rather than 1Il111tary operations.The "asJ"'Iamant w1th the ar Ott10e". to wh10h igu1er Penhale reterred. 1& not to be tound in any s1ngle doo.-nt.As General llantsgue wrote in a letter to ("..".ral IIoNaughtonon lSI loIay 42. "the mattor ... negotiated and oarr1ed on b7oables until agree-nt aa to the prov1don the units ...reaohed. DotaUa of administration, etc., ..roe work tb7 with the War Ot1'10e." On behalt ot General ton.Lt. -Col. Ir.B. Rodger repl1ed on 211 11&7 .2 thah
In oont1rlllaUon ot h1s diso don or the subjeotwith 70U yesterday L1eut.- Il81"al • a ton oon-s1ders that the Cdn Farest Co being under"operat1onal oontrol" ot the ar Ot1'1oe 1s to beinterpreted as operational oontrol in the teohn1oalrather than the Ja1l1tar;r sen-e. It 1& agreed thatthe ar 01'1'1oe 1s to d1reot the torestry operaUonspert........d b7 these Coye, but 1Il111tar;r operat1ons arereserved tor oontrol by Canadian author1t1ea. Inth1& latter regard 1t _y be round dea1rable on"stand To" to plaoe these Coys "in 00Ii>1nat1on with"the appropr1ato IlI11ted K1ngd"", 1'oroas under arrangements dallar to those wh10h 7 have made 1'or CdnRe1ntoroe nts f:or eXlllIIPle. It ahould be boma inDI1nd. he "er that pereonnel ot the Odn Foreetr;r001 s in the n1ted X1ngd<a III1ght. aa an extr"",aaura. have to be used aa re1ntoroamants tor1'1eld t0rBl8t1ona and units 01' First Cdn~ (11/FCRE~rRY/l) •
75. The last word on th1& subjeot of lagal relation-ship with the l>r1tish author1t1es appears in the .-orand"",reterred to in para.67. in which 1t 1s statedI
The oonolus10n of ths Wrlter 1s that the min 1snot under F1rst Canad1an Anrrf. but 18 under C.II.H.Q.tor both 1Il111t operational and adlll1n1strat1vepuJOpo£ss. an 1Ih1le being in a pos1tlon to operateand take a part in 1Il111tar;r operations undsr Soottish CO!!I!I800 lt is not under SCottish Cammand tor1Il111tarJ operat1onal purpoaes.
~M.(0.1".0. Stanle7) ajor.tor Btstorloal Ott10er,
Oanad1an II1lltar;r Headquarters.
gott.mla
Note
APPBlIDIX "A"
OF DIII1!!MlWlJrA'l'IOll OF llliI1'1'SC mUl '1'!lY OOOPS
UIfI'tlID JmlODOII(nate. Obtnined 1'roa ....0. (std) c. B.Q.)
1. • Part, 116 t.a
Q•• C.P.O. fa
6. t COqIarv
7. IICOlIIpCV
8. 15 C""'l:-~
9. 7 CoqNIn:,J
10. '. 8 QtlIIp8JV
U. 9 C01:Il~
12. 10 C:ClIII'CV
IS. II C'OtlJ:-~
1'. 12 Co!lIPcv
15. lSCompII%I:f
16. UC~
17. 111 CompQJl;J
10. 16 C~lV
19. 17 COIIIpmIJ
18Ccql8IQ'
21. 19 COlIIp8lV
22. eo COlIIp8lV
2:1. 21 C:o:::;>arv
1I2 C arv
25. 2:1 Comp8lV
26. B' C<lIIIP8lV
27• 25 C<lIIIPalV
28. 26 COIIIPCV
19 Jan
19 Jan 4.2
6 bU
6 b U
II APr U
II ApI' U
15 ApI' U
II b U
II b
6 J'eb U
15 ApI' n
B JUl U
II Apr U
B JUl tl
B JUl 'I
BJUlU
15 Apl'
B JUl U
II tl
II. na JUl nII JUl tl
t.
31. 29 C~lV
9 oet t2
2611a7411
26VrQ'411
12 .nm 4ll
APPEIlDllt "8"
LOOA 10 FORESTRY OIll'rS!Ill 611
(IntormaUon obtained t1"Ol!l H•• C.I".C. by the writer 15' II~ 63)
