June 19–22, 2012

MaRS Heritage Building, 101 College Street, Suite 420

General “rules” for the conference

• Beopen;bedirect;behelpful;beontime;bepolite

• Youcanquoteanythingyouhear;butyoucannotattributeaquote toaspecificperson

• Gettoknowtheotherpeopleandunderstandandappreciatewhat theyaredoing

What you need to do as a participant

As Presenter:Prepareagoodpresentation

• Timeyourself;you’llonlyhave15 minutes!

• Focusonwhyyourtopicissoextremelyinteresting

• Don’tbeafraidtoexposetheweaknessofyourwork

• Sendyour(preliminary)slidesanddraftstobrian.hracs@kultgeog.uu.se bynoon EST Monday, June 4, 2012

As Discussant:Prepareforyourrole

• Understandyourpartner’sworkbeforearrivingattheconference – ThepreliminaryslidesanddraftwillbesenttoyouafterJune4

• Preparesomequestions,suggestionsandideasforcollaboration

BookletDesignby:MichelleHopgoodPhotographyby:BrianHracs

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8:30 Breakfast

9:30 Welcome

10:00 Academic Speed Dating

12:30 Lunch

1:30 The Rise of the Creative Class Revisited

3:30 Session 1(Presentations 1–2)

4:20 Creative Competition One

6:00 Dinner

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12:15 Lunch

8:30 Breakfast

3:00 Session 4(Presentations 9–11)

9:30 Session 2(Presentations 3–5)

11:00 Session 3(Presentations 6–8)

4:30 Creative Competition Two

1:15 Walking Tour

6:00 Transit Tour and Dinner

12:15 Lunch

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8:30 Breakfast

9:30 Session 5(Presentations 12–14)

11:00 Session 6(Presentations 15–17)

1:00 Session 7(Presentations 18–20)

5:30 Closing Reception

2:25 Creative Competition Three

3:10 One-on-One Discussant

4:15 Feedback Session

6:30 Dinner: On Your Own

9:30 Creative TorontoTreasure Hunt

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8:30 Breakfast

1:00 Lunch

15-minute break

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List of Regular Sessions

Session 1 Chair: Karen King3:30–3:45 Brian Hracs | Competing in the ‘crowded’ creative economy:

The case of independent musicians and fashion designers3:45–3:55 GeneralDiscussion

3:55–4:10 Amy Cervenan | Film industry events: The buzz and alternative pipelines of temporary cultural industry clusters

4:10–4:20 GeneralDiscussion

Session 2 Chair: Elizabeth Mack9:30–9:45 Richard Ocejo | The tradesmen: Interactive service, craft

production, and the reinvention of working-class jobs9:45–9:55 GeneralDiscussion

9:55–10:10 Charlynn Burd | Submetropolitan residential location of migrating artists and engineers

10:10–10:20 GeneralDiscussion

10:20–10:35 Vivian Ho | Dining out in urban places: A spatial analysis of restaurants using social media

10:35–10:45 GeneralDiscussion

Session 3 Chair: Melanie Fasche11:00–11:15 Oli Mould | The immediacy of Media Cities: Analysing the

changing geographies of global media production11:15–11:25 GeneralDiscussion

11:25–11:40 Jenny Sjoholm | The laboratorial art studio: On the methodolo-gies and geographies of experimental and self-directed work in the making of visual art

11:40–11:50 GeneralDiscussion

11:50–12:05 Anirban Mukherjee | Urban amenity preferences among creative immigrant workers: The case of Bengali-Indian immigrants in Kansas City metropolitan area

12:05–12:15 GeneralDiscussion

Session 4 Chair: Brian Hracs3:00–3:15 Karen King | Understanding occupation employment

transitions in the Canadian labour force: An analysis of the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics, 1993 to 2008

3:15–3:25 GeneralDiscussion

3:25–3:40 Alexandre Frenette | Sound consent: Constructing the music industry’s intern economy

3:40–3:50 GeneralDiscussion

3:50–4:05 Rikard Eriksson | Industries, skills and human capital: How does regional size affect uneven development?

4:05–4:15 GeneralDiscussion

Session 5 Chair: Kevin Stolarick9:30–9:45 Elliot Siemiatycki | Flexible or precarious? A comparative

case-study of employment relations in the creative city9:45–9:55 GeneralDiscussion

9:55–10:10 Pepijn Olders | The right time, the right place, the right people: What does it take to become a star in the Michelin universe?

10:10–10:20 GeneralDiscussion

10:20–10:35 Melanie Fasche | Making art history — Wealthy private collec-tors and contemporary visual art

10:35–10:45 GeneralDiscussion

Session 6 Chair: Karen King11:00–11:15 Elizabeth Mack | Entrepreneurship and technological change:

Broadband provision impacts on entrepreneurship 11:15–11:25 GeneralDiscussion

11:25–11:40 Ben Spigel | Regional cultures and entrepreneurial environments: A Bourdieuian approach

11:40–11:50 GeneralDiscussion

11:50–12:05 Haifeng Qian | Diversity or tolerance? The social driver of innovation and entrepreneurship in U.S. cities

12:05–12:15 GeneralDiscussion

Session 7 Chair: Brian Hracs1:00–1:15 Andrey Petrov | Creative frontiers: Creative capital and

economic future of the Arctic1:15–1:25 GeneralDiscussion

1:25–1:40 Mark Graham | Africa’s silicon valley? Creativity, generativity, innovation and the economic potentials altered connectivity in East Africa

1:40–1:50 GeneralDiscussion

1:50–2:05 Shoshanah Goldberg | We (re) built this city on arts and culture: Creative economic development policy in New York and Toronto

2:05–2:15 GeneralDiscussion

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Charlynn

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Discussant Pairings

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Mel

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Eliz

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List of Irregular Sessions

Academic Speed DatingUsingacleverformula,thissessionallowsyoutogettoknowallofyourfellowconferenceparticipantstwominutesatatime.

The Rise of the Creative Class RevisitedInthissession,RichardFloridawillreflectontheprocessofupdatinghisbookafter10years.

Walking TourForachangeofpace,wewillescapefromtheInstitutetoexploresomesignificantbuildingsanddevelopmenteffortsalongYongeSt.andQueenSt.

Transit TourBeforearrivingfordinnerinToronto’scelebratedGreektownwewilluseusepublictransittotoursomeofthecity’sotherdiverseneighbourhoodsandlandmarks.

One-on-One Discussant SessionInthissession,youwillmeetwithyourassignedpartnertodis-cusseachother’sworkandbrainstormfuturecollaborations.

The Stolarick SummaryIntwentyminutesKevinwillrecapthekeythemesfromtheconferenceanddiscussopportunitiestoturnresearchintopolicy.

Feedback sessionAfterexperiencingtheconferencewewouldliketohearyourcommentsonhowwemight improve thesessionsgoingforward.Thiswillalsoserveasaforumtoannouncefutureprojectsandseekoutcollaboratorsforconferences,confer-encesessions,editedbooksandspecialissuesofjournals.

Toronto Creative and Cultural Treasure HuntParticipantswillbeassignedtoteams(includingsomemem-berswithlocalknowledge)andbeprovidedwithaTTCtransitdaypass,transitmap,andalistofclues.Theteamswillneedtofigureoutthecluesandaroute,gototheplacesindicatedbythecluesandgetapictureoftheirteamataplace,withaspecificpersonorthing,ordoingsomeactivity.Thefinalcluewillleadeveryonetolunch.Thefirstteamtogetallthepicturesandmakeittothelunchspotwillwinfabulousprizes.Thepeople,places,things,andactivitieswillprovideallthepartici-pantswiththeirownTorontocreativeeconomyexperience.

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Biographies and Abstracts

Charlynn BurdiscurrentlyadoctoralstudentattheUniversityofTennessee.Hercurrentfocusisonregionaleconomicdevelopment,migration,andthecreativeclass.Sheisdevelopingherdissertationwhichmodelsmigrationofthecreativeclassatasub-metropolitanscale.PriortoheadingtotheUniversityofTennessee,CharlynnwasaresearchassociateattheUNCCharlotteUrbanInstitute.Shereceivedhermaster’sdegreefromtheUniversityofNorthCarolina–Charlottein2005.Shereceivedherbachelor’sdegreeinGeographyfromWest-

ernKentuckyUniversity.UponjoiningtheUniversityofTennessee’sCenterforBusinessandEconomicResearchasagraduateresearchassistant,Charlynnispursuingheroverlappinginterestsofeconomicdevelopment,migration,geography,‘bigdata’andvisualization.

Submetropolitan residential location of migrating artists and engineers

Creativeindividualsarehighlymobileandcontributetoeconomicgrowth.Moststudiesareconductedattwodissimilarscales,metropolitanorneighborhood.Priorworkoftenemploysthemetropolitanscale(e.g.Scott2010andBeckstead,Brown,andGellatly2008).However,thisworkingpaperusesasubmetropolitanscaleastheunderlyinggeography.Inadditiontoaddressingadifferentscaleofanalysis,IadaptedadefinitionofthecreativeclasswhichfollowsAsheimandHansen’s(2009)suggestedknowledge-basesofthecreat-iveclass.Thispaperexaminestheresidentiallocationchoicesofthecreativeclass,limitedtotwooccupationalknowledge-bases(artistsandengineers),atthesubmetropolitanscale.Thestudyareaislimitedtothefifty-twolargestmetropolitanareasandusesU.S.CensusBureau2006–2008AmericanCommunitySurvey(ACS)data.ThegeographyofthisstudyisPublicUseMicrodataAreas(PUMAs)whichisaheuristicforneighborhoodscale.ThesubsequentmodeladdressesthelocationchoiceofmigrantswithregardtoaveragePUMAdemographiccharacteristics.

Amy CervenanisaPh.D.candidateineconomicgeographyattheUniversityofToronto.Withabackgroundineconomics(McGill)andamaster’sdegreeinurbanplanning(UniversityofToronto),Amyisdeeplyinterestedintheoverlapofeconomyandcultureinspace–particularlycities.HerdoctoralresearchexaminesthedynamicsofToronto’sfilmeconomy,andfocusesonculturalindustryeventsassignificantnodesinaproductionsystemwhichfosterslearningandrelationshipsthatcutacrossageographicallydispersedvaluechain.

Hermaster’sthesiswasonculturalpromotionaspartoflocaleconomicdevelopmentinitiatives.Asaresearchassistant,Amyundertooktwoprojectsthatengagewith‘creativecities’and‘creativeclass’.Thefirstprojectexploredtheintersectionofculture,creativityandurbangovernance,whilethesecondfocusedonservicework,agrowingsegmentofOntario’slabourforcetypicallyoverlookedinmainstreameconomicdevelopmentpolicy.Ms.Cervenanhaspublishedpolicypapersonhighereducationandservicework,andhasorganizedandpresentedacademicconferencepapersessionsandpanels.

Film industry events: The buzz and alternative pipelines of temporary cultural industry clusters

Recentattentiontoculturalindustrieshashighlightedtheimportanceoflocalbuzz,institutionsandlabourpoolsforcompetitiveclustersofculturalproduction,aswellglobalpipelinesandnetworkstoconnectlocalproductiontoglobalmarkets,capitalcircuits,and

innovativefirmpractices.Inthefilmindustry,thisconnectionbetweenlocal-globaldynamicshastypicallybeenconsideredintermsofthehorizontal(dis)integrationofstudiofilmmaking,namelyrunawayproductions.Thispapertroublesthedominant‘runawayproduction’narra-tiveassociatedwithToronto’sfilmindustrybyconsideringculturalindustryeventsassignifi-cantnodesinaproductionsystemwhichfosterslearningandrelationshipsthatcutacrossageographicallydispersedvaluechain.DrawingonempiricalfindingsfromaTorontocasestudy,Itheorizefilmfestivalsastemporarysymbolicandfunctionalagglomerations,whichpresentanopportunitytoconsiderpracticesofvaluecreationfortheindustryandthehostregion.InthispaperIarguethatfilmfestivalsarekeyinstitutionswhichstructureanincreas-inglypolycentricandpolyphoniccommercialfilmindustry.

Rikard Eriksson: IobtainedmyPhD(economicgeography)in2009atUmeåUniversity,Sweden,andheldapost-docpositionbetween2010and2011.Since2012IworkasseniorlecturerinHumangeography.

Myresearchinterestsincludeevolutionarynotionsofregionaleco-nomictransformation,regionalgrowthandinequality,agglomerationeconomiesandtheevolvinggeographyofworkandemployment.Relatedtomythesiswork,Ihavewrittentheoreticallyinformedem-

piricalarticlesontheroleoflabourdynamicsinagglomerations,theroleofknowledgeflowsforplantperformance,andonthesignificanceoffirmsandregionstomatchnewskillswithexistingcompetencesindifferentpartsofthespatialeconomy.

Duringmypost-docIcontinuedmyworkonknowledgeflowstoexplainunevenpatternsofregionalgrowth.Ialsoextendedmyresearchinterestsbyacriticalappraisalofrecentamenitydriventheoriestosustainregionalgrowthandemploymentinvariousspatialcontexts.CurrentlymyresearchfocusonhowagglomerationandcompositionofskillsandindustriesshapestheevolutionofjobcreationanddestructionindifferentpartsoftheSwedisheconomysincethe1980s

Industries, skills and human capital: How does regional size affect uneven development?

Theroleofcreativityandthegeographyoftalenthaveforsometimebeenakeyfactorintheorizingandanalysingregionaldevelopment.OneofthemainreasonsforthisisFlorida’snotionofthecreativeclass,aswellasGlaeser’semphasisontheconnectionbetweengrowth,cityregionsandconcentrationsofhumancapital.However,muchoftheempiricalworkmainlyfocusesonprocessesinlargecity-regions,andanobviousquestioniswhethertheextenttowhichregionalpoliciesaimingtoattractcreativeindividualsandtalentstofostereconomicgrowthisappropriateforregionsoutsidethemetropolitanareas?

Theobjectiveofthispaperistoassesstheeffectofregionalsizeonhowchangesinindustrialstructures,compositionofskillsandhumancapitalinfluenceregionaldevelop-ment.Thisiscarriedoutbyestimatingregressionsmodelsonpurchasepowergrowthandemploymentgrowthin288Swedishregionsbetween2001and2008.Theanalysisdemon-stratesanevidentspatialdivisionofpost-industrialdevelopmentwerelargerregionsbenefitrelativelymorethansmallerregionsdo.Wefindthatatransitiontowardsmoreknowledgeintensivesectorsandahighereducatedlabourforcehasthestrongestimpactondevelop-mentinthelargestcity-regions,whileatransitionfrommanualskillstowardsmorecreativeskillsshowsonlyapositiverelationshipwithdevelopmentinmediumsizeregions.

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Consequently,wearguethatrecentappraisalsofcreativeskillsandtheknowledge-basedeconomymainlybenefitsthelargesturbanregions,meaningthatregionalsizeandfunction-alityisanimportantparameterwhendiscussingtrajectoriesofregionaldevelopmentinthelightofcontemporarydevelopmentpolicies.

Melanie FascheisaGeographerbasedinBerlinandaffiliatedasPhDcandidateinUrbanandRegionalEconomicStudiesatHafenCityUniversityHamburg.Herresearchinterestsarecreativeandknowl-edgeeconomy,visualart,urbanandregionaldevelopment,andpublicpolicy.SheworkedasfreelancepublicpolicyconsultantwithafocusoncreativeindustriesandartsinBerlinandwasGuestLecturerinUrbanStudiesatFreeUniversityBerlin.Previouslysheheldfellow-shipsatColumbiaUniversity,TechnicalUniversityBerlin,Instituteof

RegionalandStructuralPlanning(IRS),Erkner/Berlin,andUniversityofNewSouthWales.Herdiplomathesis“Glocalization,GentrificationandCreativeBusinessServices:ACaseStudyofNewtown,Sydney”washonoredwiththeYoungResearchersAwardbytheAsso-ciationforAustralianStudies.Melanieiscurrentlywritingherdissertationonmakingvalueofcontemporaryvisualart.Afterherthesisdefenseinfall2012shewillstartaPost-doctoralresearchfellowshipattheMartinProsperityInstituteattheUniversityofToronto.

Making art history — Wealthy private collectors and contemporary visual art

Thepapercontributestotheemergingdiscourseonmarketmakingandvaluationinthecreativeandknowledgeeconomybyofferingnewinsightonthevaluemakingprocessofcontemporaryvisualart.Inbuildingpredominatelyonliteraturesfromsociologyandeco-nomicgeographyandentanglingarelationalwithaterritorialperspectivethepaperrevealschangesintheorganizationandgeographyofmakingarthistoricalvalue.

Thesechangesaredrivenbytwointerrelateddynamics.First,demandofwealthyprivatecollectorsforcontemporaryvisualartisgrowingespeciallyinnewplacespreviouslynotconnectedtotheWesterncentredartworldsuchastheformerUSSR,theGulfregionandAsia.Thisgrowingdemandispushinguppricelevelsandincreasinglypricingoutcash-strappedpublicmuseumsatgalleriesandauctions.Second,bothintheWestandespeciallyinthesenewplacesagrowingnumberofprivatewealthycollectorsabandontheconventionalWesternphilanthropicpracticesofsupportingpublicmuseums.Insteadwealthyprivatecollectorscreatetheirownprivatemuseumsandthusperformthelegitimat-ingandhistoricizingroleofpublicmuseumsthemselves.

Thegrowinginfluenceofnewwealthyprivatecollectorsandtheirprivatemuseumsonmak-ingarthistorycausesuneasethatmoneymayeventuallytrumparthistoricalscholarship.Itislikelythattheprestigiousartcollectionsofthe21stcenturywillnolongerbebuiltbypublicmuseumsintheWestbutbywealthyprivatecollectorsintheEast–thusemphasizingbothanorganizationalandgeographicalshiftinmakingvalueofcontemporaryvisualart.

Richard Florida isDirectoroftheMartinProsperityInstituteattheUniversityofToronto,andProfessorofBusinessandCreativityattheUniversity’sRotmanSchoolofManagement.FloridaisalsoaSeniorEditorfortheAtlantic,andafrequentcontributortoAtlantic Cities.

Floridaisoneoftheworld’sleadingurbanists,bestknownforhispio-neeringtheoryofthecreativeclassanditssocialandeconomicimpactonbusiness,society,andcities.

FloridaearnedhisBAfromRutgersCollegeinNewJerseyin1979andhisPhDfromColumbiaUniversityin1986.BeforejoiningtheUniversityofTorontoheheldtenure-track

appointmentsatGeorgeMasonUniversity’sSchoolofPublicPolicy(2005–2007),CarnegieMellonUniversity’sHeinzSchoolofPublicPolicyandManagement(1987–2005),andOhioStateUniversity(1984–1987).HehasalsobeenavisitingprofessoratHarvardandMIT,andanon-residentfellowofboththeBrookingsInstitutionandtheAmericanInstitute.HeisthefounderoftheCreativeClassGroup,amediaandadvisoryservicescompany.

Floridaisauthorofeightbooksincludinghisground-breaking,The Rise of the Creative Class,whichhasbeentranslatedintomorethantwentylanguagesandreceivedtheWash-ingtonMonthly’sPoliticalBookAwardandwascitedasamajorbreakthroughideabytheHarvardBusinessReview.InJune2012,The Rise of the Creative Class – Revisited: 10th Anniversary Edition,willbereleased.Hehaswrittenoverone-hundredscholarlypapersandbookchapters,andhaswrittencommentaryfortheNewYorkTimes,WallStreetJournal,USAToday,WashingtonPost,BostonGlobe,TheAtlantic,theGlobeandMail,andFinan-cialTimes.Hisresearchhasbeensupportedbymajorgrants fromtheNationalScienceFoundation,AlfredP.SloanFoundation,FordFoundation,KnightFoundation,MellonFoun-dationandHeinzEndowments.Florida’sotherhonorsincludetheInauguralParnesCreativityAwardfromtheCreativeProblem-SolvingInstitutein2005,beingnamedoneofEsquiremagazine’sBestandBrightestin2005,andin2006,beingnamedaVoiceofInnovationbyBusinessWeekmagazine.

Alexandre Frenette: IamaPhDcandidateinthesociologyprogramat theCityUniversityofNewYork,GraduateCenter.My researchfocusesonthemeaningsandstructuresofcreativework.Mydis-sertation is titled “The Intern Economy: Laboring to Learn in theMusicIndustry”andprovidesanethnographicaccountofinternshippracticesandearlycareersonthebusinesssideofthemusicindustry.IhavepresentedonthisandothertopicsatAmericanSociologicalAssociation,EasternSociologicalSociety,andInternationalSocio-

logicalAssociationconferences,lecturedonculturalsociologyatSmithCollege,EugeneLang,andFordhamUniversity,andmywritingsappearinContemporarySociologyandtheCanadianJournalofSociology.

Sound consent: Constructing the music industry’s intern economy

Internshipshavenotyetsparkedthewealthofresearchthatbefitstheirrisingimportance.Underthis“win-win”arrangementstudentsarguablygainrealworldexperienceandcom-paniesscreenpotentialemployeeswhilereceivingcheaporfreelabor.Agroupofwritingsdecriesinternshipsforexploitingoverqualifiedandunprotectedyoungworkers(e.g.Perlin,2011).Frederick(1997)portraysasystemofinternlaborwhereaspirantscompeteforandcompletenumerouscostlyunpaidinternshipstobeconsideredforpaidpositions,citingthecreativeindustriesastheworst“abusers”ofinternlabor.Yet,academicsandpoliticiansroutinelycelebratecreativeindustriesasmeaningful,humanesitesofno-collarworkandindustriesthatactaseconomicenginesforcitieslikeNewYork.Thecurrentpaperhelpsfillgapsinknowledgeregardinginternshipsandday-todayworkconditionsinthecreativeindustriesbyintersectingthesetwotopics.Basedonfieldworkattwomajormusiccom-paniesanddatafrom57semi-structuredinterviews,thispaperanalyzestheexperiencesofinternsandemployeeswithinthemusicindustryandthusgroundsthesocialcontextofinternshippractices.Fromaninteractionistperspective,thispaperasks:Howdointernsfitwithintheorganizationalstructuresinthemusicindustry?Subsequently,howdointernsandemployeesconstructtheintern’srole?Whileinternshipsappearaseducationalexperi-encesforstudentsandrecentgraduates,thispapersuggeststhatthisformofunpaidworkinthemusicindustry—throughthenegotiationofthevariedandambiguousinternrole—helpstoreproduce,sort,andputtoproductiveuseanindividuatedlaborpool.

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rolethattheInternetplaysincreativeandinformation-basedindustriesintheGlobalSouth:includinghiscurrentprojectwhichexploressuchquestionsinKenyaandRwanda.Hisworkispublishedinbothacademicandpopularoutlets.HehaswrittenaseriesofarticlesfortheGuardian,maintainsablogthatreceived¼ofamillionhitslastyear(floatingsheep.org),andhaspublishedavarietyofarticlesandbookchapters.

Africa’s silicon valley? Creativity, generativity, innovation and the economic potentials altered connectivity in East Africa

Untilrecently,EastAfricawasthelastmajorregiononEarthwithoutfibre-opticinternetcon-nections.Peoplereliedonslowandprohibitivelyexpensivesatelliteconnections.However,therecentlandingofsubmarinefibre-opticcableshasfundamentallyalteredtheregion’sconnectivity.ThispaperexaminestheeffectsofthecablesinKenya’ssoftwaredevelop-mentandoutsourcingsectors.Specifically,itcomparespredictedeffectsofthecablesinKenyanandinternationalmedia(sampleof378reports)andgovernmentpolicydocuments,andalteredpracticesintheindustry(usingasampleof20interviews).

Twobroadconclusionstobedrawn.First,withinsoftwaredevelopmentandoutsourcingsectors,thereareadiverserangeofcreativeandinnovativepractices(andpossibilities)thathavenotbeengivenspaceinofficialgovernmentvisions,documents,plans,statementsandpolicies.RatherthanhighlightsomeoftheuniqueworkbeingcarriedoutinKenya,manyoftheofficialplansseektoemulateamodeloflow-endbusinessprocessoutsourc-ingworkperformedelsewhereintheworldandcompetelargelyonprice.Second,boththemediaandgovernmentpresenthighlyunrealisticexpectationsoftheeffectsofthecablesintheKenyancreativeeconomy.However,thesesamehyperbolicdiscoursesareactuallyapowerfulforcedrivingmuchoftheworkperformedinthesector.Inotherwords,itisnotjustcost,speed,andtheabilitytoaccessinformationandcommunicatethatarehavingatransformativeeffect,butalsoapowerfulunbridledoptimismthatisdriving,andallowingforareimaginingofpolicies,practices,andexpectations.

Vivian HoiisadoctoralcandidateatthePriceSchoolofPublicPolicyatUniversityofSouthernCaliforniaunderthesupervisionofElizabethCurrid-Halkett.SheisoriginallyfromNewYorkCityanddidherunder-graduateworkinpolicyanalysisatCornellUniversity.AftercollegesheworkedatCRAInternational,aneconomicconsultingfirm.Hercurrentresearchfocusesontheeconomicgeographyofculturalindustriesandtheimpactoftheculturaleconomyonurbandevelopment.Sheiscurrentlyworkingonherdissertationstudyingtheroleofrestaurantsineconomicdevelopment.

Dining out in urban places: A spatial analysis of restaurants using social media

Urbanareasarecentersofconsumptionandamenitiesplayamajorroleinurbanlife.Restaurantsareakeypartoftheurbanexperienceandareanunexplored,butcriticalpartofurbanplanninganddevelopment.Restaurantsareimportantsignalsineconomicdevelopment,andlikeotherculturalindustries,arethoughttoaddtothedistinctionanduniquenessofaplace.TheculturalindustryhasbeenimpactedbytheriseofWeb2.0,andsocialmediacancontributetoourunderstandingofcitiesandimplicationsforeconomicdevelopmentandurbanplanning.Restaurantshavebeenoverlookedintheliterature,butarenostrangertothisphenomenon.Thisresearchfocusesonthespatialclusteringofres-taurantsinNewYorkCityandLosAngelesandstudieswhetherrestaurantsthatgenerateandattractsocialmedialocateinparticularplaces.IuseGIStostudyrestaurantpatternsandtheimpactofsocialmediaoneatingestablishmentsinneighborhoods.Iinformthis

Shoshanah D. Goldberg Goldberg,PhDisanaccomplishedpart-timeassistantprofessor,expertconsultant,andproficientpublicspeaker.Dr.Goldbergisafundraising,artsmanagementandmarket-ingprofessionalwithovertwentyyearsofexperienceinnonprofitadministration,majorgiftsandcorporatesponsorship.Goldbergteachesgraduateandundergraduate-levelcoursesinculturalpolicy,mediamanagement,artsadministration,fundraising,grantwriting,andmanagementforurbanplannersatTheNewSchool,HunterCol-

legeandColumbiaUniversity.ShehasbeenontheexecutiveteamatreknownnonprofitorganizationsincludingThePaleyCenterforMedia,AmericanCancerSociety,GreenwichHousePottery,MarchofDimes,AmericanMuseumofNaturalHistory,andMuseumofHolography.

Dr.Goldbergisafeaturedspeakeratconferencesandworkshops,andasamanagementconsultantservesclientsincludingAspenInstitute,SocratesSculpturePark,SmackMellonGallery,MoMA,NewYorkStatePsychologicalAssociation,NationalGeographic,SesameWorkshop,andPolaroid,aswellasnumerousindividualsandcommunity-basedorganiza-tions.GoldbergholdsaBFAinceramics(UniversityofMichigan)anMBAinartsmanage-ment(SUNYBinghamton)andPhDinpublicandurbanpolicy(TheNewSchool),whereherdissertation,supportedbyagenerousgrantfromTheRockefellerFoundation,focusedonartsandcultureineconomicdevelopmentinNewYorkandToronto.

We (re) built this city on arts and culture: Creative economic development policy in New York and Toronto

ThispaperexplorestherelationshipbetweenculturalpolicyandartsandcultureoptionsontheeconomicdevelopmentagendasofTorontoandNewYorkoverthe2000s,examin-ingwaysbothcitiesadoptedcreativecitystrategies.Thecomparativecasestudy,informedby42semi-structuredinterviewsandarchivalandhistoricalresearch,investigatesmunicipalculturalpolicywithintheeconomicdevelopmentlexiconineachcity.Asaresultofintegrat-edagendasetting,culturalamenitiesweredevelopedinbothcities,creativeworkersattractedandretained,andfinancialinvestmentsintheculturalbuiltenvironmentweremadebothbygovernmentandprivatesectoractors.

Ineachcity,artsandculture’sroleontheeconomicdevelopmentagendacameinresponsetoshocksexperiencedearlyinthedecade.ForToronto,thiswastheendogenousshockofthecentercity’samalgamationwithsurroundingareas;forNewYorkitwastheexogenousshockof9/11.Toronto’sprioritywasreimaginingitspotentialinordertoentertheknowledgeeconomy;NewYorkfocusedonrecoveryfromadisaster.Ineachcity,artsandculturewasusedtorevitalizedecayingareas,attractresidentsandtourists,andbuildtheurbanbrand.

Threekeyprincipleshaveemergedfromthefindings:1)Integrateartsandcultureintoabroadeconomicdevelopmentframeworkincorporatingbotheconomicandsocialbenefit;2)Buildandcultivaterelationshipsandstakeholderpartnershipsacrosspolicydomainsandthroughoutsectors;3)Useresearchandstrategicplanningtoanalyzehowartsandcultureinterventionscansupportmunicipaleconomicdevelopmentagendasandbeintegratedintonumerouspolicyinterventions.

Mark Graham isaResearchFellowattheOxfordInternetInstitute,UniversityofOxford.HisdissertationlookedatchangesbeingbroughtaboutintheThaisilkindustryduetoincreasedinternetusage.MorebroadlyhisworkcentresonbothInternetandEconomicGeogra-phies.OnemajorresearchfocusinvolvesexaminingthegeographiesoftheInternet(lookingatthegeographiesofonlinecontentandthegeographiesofparticipation).Asecondbroadfocusdealswiththe

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geographicalanalysiswithdetailedinterviewsofrestaurantentrepreneurs.Thisanalysisallowsustodrawlargerinferencesabouttheroleofsocialmedia,buzzandculturalindustryprocessesinthe21stcenturycity.

Brian J. HracsisaResearchFellowintheDepartmentofSocialandEconomicGeographyatUppsalaUniversity,Sweden.HeisalsoaffiliatedwiththeCentreforResearchonInnovationandIndustrialDynamics(CIND)inSwedenandtheMartinProsperityInstituteattheUniversityofToronto.BrianreceivedhisPhDinGeographyfromtheUniversityofTorontoin2010.Hisresearchinterestsincludetheimpactofdigitaltechnologiesandcompetitionontheemploymentexperiencesofentrepreneursinthecreativeeconomyandthespatial

flowsoftalent.Hehaspublishedarticlesontheprofessionalizationofindependentmusic,thelinkagesbetweenmusicandfashionandthefactorsthatmotivatepeopletomovewithinandbetweencities.Inearlierresearch,Brianhasalsoexaminedculturallydrivenstrategiesforeconomicdevelopmentinruralcommunities,gentrificationinartisticquar-tersandtherolepublicspacesplayinfosteringcivicconversations.Tostaybalanced,Brianenjoysplayingdrumsinindierockbandsandtraveling.

Competing in the ‘crowded’ creative economy: The case of independent musicians and fashion designers

WithiTunesofferingover18millionsongsandEtsyfeaturingover10millionitemsofcloth-ing,thecontemporarymarketplaceformusicandfashion-relatedproductsischaracterizedbyoversupplyandintensecompetition.Withnewdigitaltechnologiesanddecliningentrybarriers,culturalproducersstruggle tostandout in thecrowdandcommandmonopolyrentsfortheir‘unique’goodsandservices.Yet,whereasgeographershaveexaminedthecapital-intensivestrategiesthatglobalfirmssuchasBurberryusetobrandtheirproducts,littleisknownabouthowlocalentrepreneursmonetizetheircreativecontentonshoe-stringbudgets.Usingacross-nationalandcross-sectoralcomparisonofindependentmusiciansandfashiondesignersinToronto,Stockholm,BerlinandNewYork,thispresentationdem-onstrateshowtheseproducersharnessexclusivitytogeneratedistinctionandvalue.Byprovidingillustrativeexamples,threecommonsourcesofexclusivityareexplored.Theseincludetappingintotheindividualizationofdemand,integratingconsumersintotheproduc-tionandpromotionprocessandmanipulatingphysicalandvirtualspaces.Thetrans-localflows,effectivenessandongoingsustainabilityoftheseexclusivity-basedstrategieswillalsobeconsidered.Thefindingscontributetoourunderstandingofentrepreneurshipandmarketdynamicsinthecontemporarycreativeeconomy.

Karen King isaresearchscientistwiththeMartinProsperityInstitute(MPI)intheRotmanSchoolofManagementattheUniversityofToronto.Asapopulationgeographer,Karen’sresearchinterestsincludeimmi-gration,populationaging,andeconomicdevelopment.HerresearchprogramattheMPIhastwoprimaryresearchstreams.First,herre-searchprogramexaminesregionaleconomicdevelopmentwiththisresearchfocusingonhowtheintersectionofindustryandoccupationemploymentstructureshaschangedoverspaceandtime.Second,

herresearchprogramexaminesthemigrationandresidentiallocationpatternsofimmi-grantsandtheagingpopulation.

ShehasheldaSocialandEconomicDimensionsofanAgingPopulationpostdoctoralfellowshipatMcMasterUniversitywhereherresearchprogramexaminedaginginplaceoftheolderpopulationinCanada.ShehasaB.A.(Economics)fromtheUniversityofBritishColumbiaandanM.A.(Economics)fromtheUniversityofToronto.KarencompletedaPh.D.

(Geography)atMcMasterUniversity;herdissertationwascomprisedoffourquantitativeresearchpapersexaminingtheinternationalandinternalmigrationdynamicsofCanada’simmigrantpopulation.

Understanding occupation employment transitions in the Canadian labour force: An analysis of the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics, 1993 to 2008

Thechangingpolitical,socialandeconomiclandscapeoverthepastfiftyyearsinCanadahasbroughtaboutasignificantshiftinthenature,organizationandperformanceofworkandthelabourmarket.Attheheartofthisshiftisthedisappearanceoftraditionalmanu-facturingemploymentinthegoodsproducingsectorandthegrowthofnewemploymentopportunitiesintheburgeoningservicesectorhasbeenaparticularlyimportantcomponentindrivingthereorganizationofworkinthecontemporaryeconomy.Thegrowthintheser-vicesectorhasresultedinthegrowthofbothhighlypaid,knowledgeintensiveservicejobsandlowpaid,lowskilled,servicejobs.

Whilepreviousquantitativeresearchonissuespertainingtolabourmobilityanddualjobholdersexists,therehasnotbeenadetailedstudyinCanadathatexaminesthelongitudinaldynamicsoflabourmobilityinaflexiblelabourmarketandwhethersomeoccupationsaremorepronetocertainpatternsoflabourmobilitythanothers.ThisstudyseekstoprovideinsightintothedegreetowhichworkersinCanadaareabletotransitionbetweenjobs,occupationsandoccupationalclassesandthesubsequentchangestotheirsalaries.

UsingtheSurveyofLabourandIncomeDynamics(SLID),thispaperexaminesindividuals’job,occupation,andoccupationalclasstransitionsbetween1993and2008.Theresearchexaminestheoccurrenceandfrequencyofthesethreetransitionsbyvaryingsocio-eco-nomicanddemographiccharacteristicsincludingeducationandgender.Inaddition,thisresearchcomparesthedegreeofvariationinsalariesduetodifferencesinoccupationsandoccupationalclassaswellastransitiontype.

Elizabeth Mack receivedherPh.D.inEconomicGeographyfromIn-dianaUniversityandisnowanAssistantProfessoratArizonaStateUni-versity’sSchoolofGeographicalSciencesandUrbanPlanningwheresheteachesclassesonplanningmethodsandeconomicdevelop-ment.Herresearchinterestsincludetechnologicalandhumancapitalaspectsofeconomicdevelopmentwithafocusonhowbroadbandimpactsthegrowthanddevelopmentofregionaleconomies.

Entrepreneurship and technological change: Broadband provision impacts on entrepreneurship

EntrepreneurshipisincreasinglyviewedasacriticalaspectofU.S.economicvitalityandcompetitiveness.However,thedynamicnatureoftheglobalbusinessenvironmentandrapidpaceoftechnologicalchangeprovidechallengesforrecommendingbestpracticesforfosteringentrepreneurship.Thedynamicglobalbusinessenvironmentsuggestsentre-preneursrequirenotonlyfinancialcapitalandbusinesssavvybutalsotheabilitytoadapttotechnologicalchange.Theproposedresearchisdesignedtouncoverhowtechnologicalchange,specificallybroadbandInternetconnections,hasimpactedentrepreneurialactivityacrosstheUnitedStatesintheinitialyearsforwhichbroadbandwasavailable(1999–2004).AggregatedZIPcodeareadatafortheseyearsfromtheFCC’sForm477databasewillbeusedtoconstructmodelstoobtainsomeunderstandingoftheinitialshockofbroadbandInternetconnectionsonentrepreneurship.Resultswillhelpeconomicdevelopmentpracti-tionersandpolicymakersbetterunderstandtheissuesnewInternettechnologiesposeforentrepreneurs,anddevelopbetterstrategiestohelpentrepreneursadaptmoreefficientlytotechnologicalchange.

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Charlotta Mellander isanprofessorineconomics,researchdirectorattheProsperityInstituteofScandinaviaandclosecollaboratorwithProfessorRichardFloridaandDrKevinStolarickattheProsperityInsti-tuteinToronto.Charlotta’sresearchexaminesregionalattractiveness,theurbanizationprocess,andtheimportanceofcities.CharlottaholdsavisitingfacultypositionattheMartinProsperityInstituteatRotmanSchoolofManagement,UniversityofToronto,andisaffiliatedwithCESIS(CentreofExcellenceforScienceandInnovationStudies)undertheRoyalInstituteofTechnology,Stockholm.

Oli Mould: IamaHumanGeographerwithapassionforthecreativepracticesofcities–boththosethatcontributetocapitalistaccumula-tionandthosethatseektoresistit.MyPhDfocusedoncitiesandthecreativeindustriesthroughacasestudyofSydney’sfilmindustry.IcompletedmyPhDwhileworkingforanacademic-ledthinktankinLondonwhichfocusedonpolicyimplementationforthecity’screativeeconomy.FeelingthatIwasmissingoutonacareerinacademia,ItookaresearchpostattheGlobalisationandWorldCitiesGroupatLough-

boroughUniversity,workingonaprojectthatfocusedonaJacobsianapproachtourbangrowth.Uponcompletionofthepost,IsecuredtenureatSalfordUniversitywhereIamnowintomysecondsemesterasaLecturerinHumanGeography.

The immediacy of Media Cities: Analysing the changing geographies of global media production

Themediaandcreativeindustriesasanimportantdevelopmentalstimulantincontemporarycapitalismisnowwellversed(Flew,2011).Theimportanceofthecityinsuchdevelopmentshasalsopenetratedmanypoliticaldebates(Florida,2005).Couplingthesetwonarrativesistherecentphenomenaofso-called‘MediaCities’.Unlikeother‘soft’creativeorculturalindustryplace-ledpolicies,mediacitydevelopmentshavehugelevelsofsunkfinancialinvestmentinbusinessrealestate,hi-techdigitalinfrastructuresandluxuryleisureandresidentialfacilities.Thesemediaandcreativeindustrycentresareeulogisedbytheprivateinvestorsthatfundthem(andthelocalurbangovernmentsthatsignthemoff)asattractivetohigh-endmediaproductioncompaniesandcuttingedgecreativeindustrytalent.Hence,theyarepurposefullydesignedtospatiallyconcentrateinternationalmediaproduction,andconcurrentlysupportthisbyagglomeratingthelocallyincumbentcreativeindustrytalent.Thesetworelatedaimsareattemptstofosteranall-importantcreative‘buzz’(StorperandVenables,2004).ThispaperseekstocriticallyanalysethesenewphenomenonbasedonprimaryresearchconductedinSalford,CopenhagenandDubai.Theresearchassessesthegeographicalconcentrationoflocal,nationalandregionalmediaproductionintheselocales,theirrolesinthewiderinternationalmedialandscapeandquestionswhethertheyfosteracreativebuzz.Thispaperthenconceptualiseshowtheyareattemptingtoshiftthegloballandscapeofmediaproduction,butalsoexploresthedifficultiestheyfaceinfosteringacreative‘buzz’–bothofwhichwillbecrucialtotheirlong-termsustainability.

Anirban MukherjeeisaPhDcandidateinSociologyatKansasStateUniversity,Manhattan,KS,USA.HeisfromCalcutta,IndiaandcametoUnitedStatestopursuehisdoctoralstudies.HereceivedB.A.andM.A.degreesinSociologyfromPresidencyUniversity,CalcuttaandJawaharlalNehruUniversity(JNU),NewDelhi,respectively.Aftergrad-uatingfromJNU,hetaughtforseveralyearsasaLectureratVidyas-agarUniversityinIndia,teachingcoursesinSociologicalTheory,

EconomyandSociety,andUrbanSociology.HeispresentlycompletinghisPh.D.disserta-tionentitled,“AssimilationandIntergenerationalRelationsAmongCreativeWorkers:TheCaseofBengali-IndianImmigrantsinKansasCityMetropolitanArea.”HisresearchfocusesonthemigrationofBengali(theinhabitantsofthestateofWestBengal,India)professionalworkerstotheUnitedStatesandexaminestherolethaturbanamenitiesplayinthesocialadaptationandassimilationofBengali-IndianprofessionalsascreativeworkersresidingandworkinginaU.S.metropolitanarea.

Urban amenity preferences among creative immigrant workers: The case of Bengali-Indian immigrants in Kansas City metropolitan area

ThisqualitativeresearchexplorestherelationshipbetweenurbanamenitiesandtheemploymentofcreativeIndianworkersusingpersonalinterviewsconductedwithIndianprofessionalworkersandtheirfamiliesworkingandresidingintheKansasCity(KC)Met-ropolitanArea.Inaddressingthedebateofwhethercreativeworkersfollowjobsorjobsfollowcreativeworkers,thefindingsindicatethatthedecisionofIndiancreativeworkerstolocateintheKansasCitymetropolitanareawasprimarilyinfluencedbytheavailabilityofjobopportunitiesandhadlittletodowithavailableamenities.However,oncelocatedintheKCmetropolitanarea,localamenitiesbecameveryimportantininfluencingthedecisionoftheseworkerstoremainthere(i.e.,creativeworkerretention).AkeyfindingfromthisstudyisthatthepresenceoflocalamenitiescentraltothelifestylesofAmericanprofessionalworkerswasmoreimportanttoIndianprofessionalworkersthantheavailabil-ityofethnicIndianamenitiessuchasIndiangrocerystores,restaurants,temples,andthescreeningofBollywoodmoviesinlocaltheaters.Itwasalsofoundthat“social”amenitiesarecrucialtotheretentionofIndianprofessionalworkersratherthanamenitiesofferedthroughthemarketoraestheticfeaturesoftheurbanornaturallandscape.ParticipationinethnicIndianassociationsandtheformationofsocialnetworkswithotherIndianworkersresidinginthecitywerecriticalamenitiesthatinfluencedthesatisfactionofIndianprofes-sionalswiththeirlifestylesintheKCmetropolitanarea.Further,Indianworkerspreferredresidinginsuburbsoverinnercityneighborhoodsbecauseoftheirstrongemphasisontheeducationalachievementoftheirchildrenandthepresenceofbetterschoolingopportuni-tiesinthesuburbs.While‘distancefromwork’and‘safetyoftheneighborhood’wereotheramenityconsiderationsshapingthesettlementdecisionsofIndianprofessionals,thepres-enceofco-ethnicsintheneighborhoodwasnotaninfluentialfactor.However,theformationofdispersedsocialnetworkswithothercoethnicsresidinginotherneighborhoodsofthemetropolitanareawasanimportantamenitypreferenceinfluencingresidentiallocation.

Richard E. OcejoearnedhisdoctorateinsociologyattheCUNYGraduateCenterandjoinedthedepartmentofsociologyatJohnJayCollegeofCriminalJustice,CUNYasanassistantprofessorinfall2009.Inhisresearchhehasspecificallyusedethnographicandquali-tativemethodstoexaminethedisparatedefinitionsof,conflictsover,andusesofcommunityamongpeoplewhocontestandconstructanightlifesceneonthegentrifiedLowerEastSideofManhattan.Ocejoiscurrentlyworkingonaprojectthatexaminesthemeaningsofwork

andcraftamongtradesmen.Thisongoingresearchfocusesontheattitudesandpracticesofpeopleinseveraltraditional,butreinvented,occupationstorevealthechangingnatureofworkinthepostindustrialeconomy.HehaspublishedscholarlyarticlesinCity & Com-munity,City, Culture, and Society,andEuropean Journal of Cultural Studies.Ocejoeditedareader,entitledEthnography and the City: Readings on Doing Urban Fieldwork (Routledge,2012),andalsohasaforthcomingbookthroughPrincetonUniversityPressonhisLowerEastSideresearchthatwillbepublishedin2013.

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The tradesmen: Interactive service, craft production, and the reinvention of working-class jobs

Bartenders,distillers,barbers,andbutchersareexamplesofhistoricallyblue-collar,work-ing-classjobsthatoftenconjureromantic,sepia-tonedimagesofhard-workingtradesmeninsimplertimesandlessromanticimagesoflow-status,dirtywork.Forcesofmodernity,suchastechnologicaladvancesandindustrializationthatchangedmanufacturing,farming,andthenatureofwork,andanescalateddemandforspeedandefficiencyinproductsandservicesamongconsumers,transformedtheseoccupations.Todaypractitionersoftheseandothersimilaroccupationsarereinventingandredefiningthembyinfusingtheirworkwithnewmeaningsandvalues,suchascreativity,asenseofcraftsmanship,andnewemphasesonservice.Theseprofessionalsareconstructingselectnicheswithintheirindustriesthatofferrarefiedproductsandservicesforanincreasinglydiscerningclientelewithinthecon-textofanexpandingcreativeeconomy.BasedonongoingethnographicresearchIexplainwhy theseprofessionshaveemergedandhow theirpractitionersunderstand theworktheydo.Ibreakthesefouroccupationsdownintotwonon-mutuallyexclusivecategories:“craftproduction”(microdistillersandbutchers),orthemanufacturingofproductsusingcraft-basedtechniques,and“interactiveservicework”(cocktailbartendersandmen’sbar-bers),ortheuseofdialogueandculturalknowledgetomatchconsumerswithspecializedproductsandservices.Ifocusonmultipledimensionsthatcharacterizethemeaningsandpracticesbehindtheseoccupations,namelytheirprofessionalization,howtheyincorporatethepastintheirpractices,theuseof“conspicuousproduction”toeducateconsumers,andtheimportanceoftimeintheproductionprocess.Mypaperwillparticularlyfocusonthelatterdimensiontodemonstratehowtheseworkersinterpretandusetimetoprovideandcreateuniqueservicesandproducts.

Pepijn Olders receivedaMaster’sdegreefromUtrechtUniversityinHumanGeographyandUrbanPlanningandiscurrentlyaPhDcandi-dateattheDepartmentofSocialandEconomicGeographyatUppsalaUniversity.ThefocusofhisPhDistheapparentparadoxbetweenconceptualboundariesof(data)classificationsversusrelationalcom-plexitiesofproducts,processesandplacesinthespatialeconomy.Drawingoncloseparallelswiththeneo-Darwinistframework,theaimistosuggesthowcomplexitytheoriesandnetworkanalogiescanbe

empiricallyusedtoturncomplexityfromproblemtostrengthinunderstandingselectedcasesinEconomicGeography.

The right time, the right place, the right people: What does it take to become a star in the Michelin universe?

Foralongtime,Frenchcuisinehasbeenthebenchmarkintherestaurantindustry.ThemostdominantexpertopinionassessingthecreativequalityofFrenchcuisinehasalwaysbeentheMichelinredguide.Besidestheguidebeingawell-definedmechanismturningsymbolicvalueintoeconomicprofitability,itisalsooneofFrance’sbestkeptsecrets.Thispaperthereforetriestounveilthe“Michelinmystery”andunderstandwhatittakestobecomesuccessfulintheFrenchrestaurantindustry.Todojusticetothecomplexnatureofcreativesuccess,thispaperadoptsamulti-levelapproachfocusedoninteractions.Awidevarietyofinteractionsfromregionaltopersonalisassessedbytestingvarioushypoth-esesderivedfromsociological,historical,economicandorganizationaltheoriesandseveralmorepopularaccounts.Thedatausedstemsfromtwouniquedatasets;oneconsistingofallstar-ratedrestaurantsinFrancebetween1950and2012andthesecondbasedon

biographicaldataof350Frenchchefs.Thepresentationwillshowtheresultsofthreeanaly-ses.Thefirstaimstounderstandwhystar-ratedrestaurantsoccurintheregionstheydo.Asecondanalysisisdesignedaslongitudinalassessmentoffirms’success;whatinfluencestheyearlyprobabilityoflosingarestaurants’starrating?Finally,whatimpactdodifferentdimensionsofpersonallearningandexperiencehaveonachef’slikelihoodofobtainingdif-ferentcategoriesofstar-rating?Combined,theseresultsgiveaholisticperspectiveonwhatittakestobecomeastar.

Andrey Petrov isAssistantProfessorofGeographyattheUniversityofNorthernIowa,USA.HeearnedPhDinEconomicGeographyandGeographicInformationSciencefromtheUniversityofTorontoin2008.

Andrey’sresearchinterestsincludeeconomicdevelopmentstrate-giesandregionaldifferentiationintheCanadianandRussianNorth,knowledge-basedandresourcebasedeconomiesinremoteregions,IndigenousdemographicsandlabormigrationintheNorth,andgeo-spatialtechniquesinregionalanalysis.Andrey’spapersappearedin

variousacademicjournalsincludingArctic,RegionalStudies,CanadianJournalofRegionalScience,JournalofPopulationResearch,Cartographica,PolarGeography,GIScienceandRemoteSensing,CanadianJournalofPopulation,andothers.Hecoauthoredanumberofbookandtextbookchaptersandresearchreports.Dr.PetrovisthePIontheNationalSci-enceFoundation“CreativeArctic”project–apan-arcticstudyfocusedonspatialanalysisofthecreativecapitalanditseconomicimpactinremoteregionsoftheCircumpolarNorth.HeisalsoaPIandCo-PIonseveralotherNSF,NASAandinstitutionalgrants.Dr.PetrovisacollaboratorintheArcticHumanDevelopmentReportandArcticSocialIndicatorsprojects.Dr.Petrovisarecipientofthe2010CanadianAssociationofGeographersStarkey-RobinsonAwardforoutstandinggraduateresearchonthegeographyofCanada.

Creative frontiers: Creative capital and economic future of the Arctic

ThispaperaimsatexploringtheroleofcreativecapitalintheeconomicdevelopmentintheCircumpolarregionandintheworldperipheriesingeneral.Mymainargumentsare:(1)creativecapitalisapivotalfactorofregionaldevelopmentandisanagenteconomictransformationintheperipheries,and(2)alternativestrategiesofregionaldevelopmentbasedonengagingcreativecapitalrepresentapromisingpolicymechanismforreconcilingrealitiesofcontemporarycapitalismandlocalArcticmodernities.Thisgivesanoptiontoimplementdevelopmentstrategiesthatbuildonendogenouscapacitiesandengagescientific,entrepreneurialandlocaltraditionalknowledgeforthebenefitoftheregion.

ThepaperconductsacomparativeanalysisofthecreativecapitalinnorthernregionsofCanada,Russia,Alaska,andtheNordicNorth.Iinvestigategeography,characteristicsanddynamicsofcreativecapital.Methodologically,thestudyconsidersfourtypesofcre-ativecapital:scientific/technological,bohemian/cultural,leadershipandentrepreneurial.TomeasurecreativecapitalinperipheralcontextIextendandrevisethecreativecapitalmetrics.Theempiricalanalysisshowsthatcreativecapitalpatternsandrelationshipsintheperipheralaregenerallysimilartothoseobservedinsouthernregions.However,inthefrontierweseedisconnectbetweenthecreativecapitalandlevelsofformaleducation,aswellasaweakconnectionbetweendifferentgroupsofthecreativecapital.Althoughthegeographicdistributionofthecreativecapitalisheavilyclusteredinurbancenters,someperipheralregionsperformexceptionallywell.Theseregionsmaybeconsideredasfuturetestinggroundsforimplementingalternativedevelopmentstrategies.

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Haifeng Qian isanassistantprofessorattheMaxineGoodmanLevinCollegeofUrbanAffairs,ClevelandStateUniversity.Hisareasofresearchandteachingincludeurbanandregionaleconomicdevelop-ment,entrepreneurshipandinnovation,andpublicpolicy.HisworkhasbeenpublishedintheAnnals of Regional Science,Economic Develop-ment Quarterly,Environment and Planning A,Journal of Economic GeographyandSmall Business Economics.Heisalsotheauthororco-authoroffivebookchaptersandtwoencyclopediaentries.During

2007–08,Dr.QianwasaconsultantattheWorldBankinWashington,DC,wherehecon-ductedresearchinenergypolicy.Hewastherecipientofthe22ndCharlesM.TieboutPrizeinRegionalScience.QianobtainedaPh.D.degreeinpublicpolicyatGeorgeMasonUniversityin2010.Healsoholdsamaster’sdegreeinmanagementandabachelor’sdegreeinengineering,bothfromTsinghuaUniversityinBeijing,China.

Diversity or tolerance? The social driver of innovation and entrepreneurship in U.S. cities

PopularizedbytheworkofRichardFlorida(2002),theroleoftolerance,opennessorsocial/culturaldiversityinregionaleconomicdevelopmenthasgainedmuchattention.Theliteraturetellsthatahighleveloftoleranceandopennesssignalslowbarrierstoentryoftalent(humancapitalorthecreativeclass)fromoutsidearegionoracity.Moreover,adiversifiedprovisionofpeoplewithdifferentculturalandknowledgebackgroundsencour-agesdifferentperspectivesofthinkingandvariouscombinationsofexistingknowledge,whichfurthercontributestotechnologyandinnovationinthecity.Inaddition,diverseeconomicagentsperceivepotentialmarketopportunitiesdifferently,whichmakesthediscoveryandexploitationofpotentialmarketopportunities(i.e.,entrepreneurship)morelikelytohappen.Alongthislineofresearch,diversity,tolerance,andopennessaregenerallyconsideredhomogenoustermsandinterchangeablyused.Thisarticlearguesthatdiversityisdifferentfromtoleranceandopennessindefinitions,measuresandimpactsoninnovationandentrepreneurship.Ahighlevelofsocialorculturaldiversityrequiresbothalargenumberofdifferentiatedsocialgroupsandanevendistributionofpopulationacrossthesegroups;tolerance,bycontrast,isvalue-basedandaddressesdeviationfrommainstreamstandards.UsingtheHerfindahl-HirschmanIndexbasedoncountriesofbirthasameasureofdiversityandthegay/bohemianindexasameasureoftolerance,thisarticleexaminesthestatisticaldifferencesofthesetwovariables,andcomparestheireffectsoninnovation(measuredbypatentspercapita)andentrepreneurship(measuredbynewfirmformationperlaborforce)inU.S.metropolitanareasusingmultivariateanalysis.

Elliot SiemiatyckiisaPhDCandidateandLecturerinGeographyattheUniversityofBritishColumbiawherehespecializesinthestudyofeconomicandurbanrestructuring.HisdissertationresearchexaminestheremakingoftheVancouvereconomyandlabourmarketoverthepastquarter-century.Usingin-depthinterviewswithworkersandmanagersinthelegalsector,thesoftware/gamingsectorandthehospitalitysector,thiscomparativeresearchseekstounderstandhowandwhyfirmsestablishflexibleemploymentregimesandtheresulting

profilesofprecariousnessexperiencedbyworkersinthesesectors.Otherpastandcurrentprojectsincluderesearchon:restructuringintheNorthAmericanautoindustry,theroleofuniversitiesincity-makingandeconomicdevelopment,theriseofonshoreandoffshoreoutsourcinginthelegalservicesindustry,andthechangingstatusandstrategiesoftradeunionsinthecontextofglobalization.Alifelongsportsfanatic,Elliotplayedvarsitybasket-ballatMcGillUniversityandestablishedabasketballacademyforunderprivilegedyouthatToronto’sScaddingCourtCommunityCenter.

Flexible or precarious? A comparative case-study of employment relations in the creative city

NearlyadecadeafterRichardFlorida’s‘TheRiseoftheCreativeClass’,recentresearchhascalledintoquestionthebasicpremisethatjobsbeingheldbymembersofthecreativeclassarenecessarilygoodjobs.Thispaperexplorestheemploymentrelationsundergirdingthecreativeclasstheorybypresentingevidencegatheredfromadetailedcross-sectoralcasestudyinoneofCanada’sleadingcreativecities–Vancouver,BritishColumbia.Comparingthelabourmarketexperiencesoflawyers(knowledge-workers),videogameandwebde-velopers(creative-workers)andfoodandbeverageservers(service-workers),anumberofprecariousemploymentfeaturesemergeineachoftheoccupationalsegmentsbutthesearedemonstratedtohavedifferentexpressionsandconsequencesforthedifferentkindsofworkers.Inthisrespect,jobqualityanddissatisfactionemergeassignificantissuesacrossoccupationalsegmentsbutknowledgeandcreativeworkersarebetterprotectedfromla-bourmarketinsecuritiesbecauseoftheirfinancialstatus,socialnetworksandskills.Itisarguedthatthesefindingshaveimportantlessonsbothforcreativecitiesresearchaswellastheburgeoningliteratureonprecariousemployment.

Jenny Sjöholm: Myworkissituatedattheintersectionsbetweenartsandeconomy.Withparticularfocusonthecultural,socialandeconomicgeographiesoftheartworld,myresearchhassofarcon-cernedartisticpractice,skillsandknowledge,culturallabour,small-scaleculturalentrepreneurship,aswellasartmarketintermediariesandinparticularcontemporaryprivateartcollectorsandtheemerging(re-)privatizationoftheartworld.Istartedmycurrentpositionasapost-doctoralresearchfellowatUppsalauniversityinJuly2011,whereI’m

nowinvolvedina3yearsreserachprogrammefocusedonqualitydefiningprocessesintheartmarket.Inadditiontomyacademicwork,Iamengagedinresidenciesandotherresearchworkatseveralartinstitutions;IamplanningandorganizingexhibitionandeventsatartmuseumsandgalleriesinSwedenandinGreatBritainaswellasIamcontributingtoexhibitionscataloguesandartbooks.

The laboratorial art studio: On the methodologies and geographies of experimental and self–directed work in the making of visual art

Incontrasttotheattentiongiventomuseums,galleriesandactorsinthecreativeeconomyandthecommercialart-world,theartist’sstudioitselfhas,untilrecently,beenlargelyoverlooked.Theartist’sstudioisanunderstudiedandundocumented,yetpivotalspaceofartisticwork,activityandcreativity.Focusingparticularlyonthemethodologicalandproductivefunctionofthestudio,thispaperexploresthestudioasacentralspaceforindividualcreativeactions.

Althoughthealchemyofanartformcanneverbecompletelyrevealed,throughqualita-tivefieldworkofLondon–basedvisualartistsandtheirworkspaces,itbecomesapparentthattheoftenclutteredandmessystudiospacesarespacessetupandusedforakindofsystematicenquiry.Itisarguedthatartists’studiopracticehasmuchincommonwithscientificmethodologiesandexperimentation;thatthespacesofartistsare,inreality,ahistoricalandcreativelaboratory.However,thelaboratorialstudioismorethanjustaspaceforexperimentation.Indeed,alargepartofthemethodologicalpracticeinthestudioisbasedontherepetitionofmanuallabour.Inparticular,artistspersistentlypracticetheircraftuntilthepracticalknowledgebecomesanembodiedskillandthephysicalactofmakingbecomessecond-nature.Thispaperhighlightstheindividualizedanddynamicnatureoftheartisticproductionprocessandrevealshowmicrospacesofworkarearrangedtofacilitateexperimentation,productionandlearning.

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Dubbedthe“OfficialStatisticianoftheCreativeClass”,Kevin Stolarick,PhD,combinesadepthofknowledgewithanappreciationoftheimportanceoffindingandsharingtheknowledgeor“pearlsofwisdom”gainedfromhiscomprehensiveunderstandingoftheCreativeClassandtheCreativeEconomy.HeistheResearchDirectoratTheMartinProsperityInstituteattheRotmanSchoolofManagement,UniversityofToronto.HehasheldfacultypositionsattheCollegeofHumanitiesandSocialSciencesandtheH.John

HeinzIIISchoolofPublicPolicyandManagement,CarnegieMellonUniversity,Pittsburgh,Pennsylvania,USAandforoveradecadeworkedwithtechnologyintheinsuranceindustryasamanagerofstrategicprojects.HeholdsaPhDinBusinessAdministrationandanMBAfromtheTepperSchoolofManagement,CarnegieMellonUniversityandaBSinHonorsinAppliedComputerSciencefromIllinoisStateUniversity.HehastaughtnumerouscoursesinStatisticalAnalysis, InformationSystemsandRegionalEconomicDevelopment.Hisresearchinterests includetherelationshipbetweenfirmperformanceandinformationtechnologyandthe impactsoftechnology,tolerance,talent,andqualityofplaceonregionalgrowthandprosperity.Kevinprovidedquantitativeresearchandanalyticalsup-portforseveralofRichardFlorida’sbooksincludingThe Rise of the Creative ClassandRise Revisited (the 10th Anniversary Edition).HecontinuesincollaborationwithRichardandothersresearchers.Thisresearchincludesprimarydevelopmentofmeasures,indica-tors,andbenchmarkingapproacheswithsignificantimpactonthegrowthanddevelop-mentoftheCreativeClassandCreativeEconomytheory.KevinisoneofthefewstatisticalanalystswhohasthecompleteworksofEdwardTufteandDonaldNormanonhisshelves.

Ben Spigel isaPhDCandidateintheDepartmentofGeographyandPrograminPlanningattheUniversityofToronto,whereheresearchestheroleofindustrialandregionalculturesintheentrepreneurshippro-cess.HisworkfocusesonexploringthemechanismsbywhichsocialstructuressuchasregionalcultureandinstitutionsaffecttheeverydaypracticesandstrategiesofCanadiantechnologyentrepreneurs.HehasaMastersDegreeinGeographyfromTheOhioStateUniversity,wherehestudiedtheroleofproximityinuniversityindustrynetworking

andknowledgesharingandaBachelorsDegreefromtheUniversityofTorontowherehealsostudiedeconomicgeography.

Regional cultures and entrepreneurial environments: A Bourdieuian approach

Creativeeconomiesareheavilydependentonlocalculturesthatpromotetolerance,risktak-ing,andacceptanceofnewideas.However,fewbehavioralframeworksexpresslytheorizetheconnectionsbetweenregional-scaleculturesandsocialstructuresandactors’dailyeconomicpractices.Thisisespeciallyapparentinthestudyofentrepreneurship,wherethevoluminousresearchontheroleofregionalculturesintheentrepreneurshipprocessisunderminedbythelackatheoreticalconnectionsbetweencultureandpractice.Toaddressthisresearchgap,thepaperemploystheworkofPierreBourdieutoexplainthemechanismsthatlinkregionalsocialstructuresandentrepreneurialpractices.Thepaperspeciallyex-aminestheentrepreneurialintentionsoftechnologyentrepreneursintwoCanadiancities—Waterloo,OntarioandCalgary,Alberta—tobetterunderstandhowtheirregionalsocialenvironmentsinfluencetheirdecisionstostartfirms.Entrepreneursareeitherpulledintoentrepreneurshipviaadesiretocontroltheirowneconomicfortune;pushedintoitduetothelackofopportunitiesinthetraditionallabormarket;ortripoveranopportunityandchoosetopursueitbycreatinganewfirmratherthanthroughtheirpre-existingjob.Through70semi-structuredinterviewswithentrepreneurs,investors,andlocaleconomicdevelopmentofficials,thepaperarguesthatthedifferencesinthedominantformofentre-preneurialintentionsobservedbetweenthetworegionscanbeexplainedthroughentrepre-neurs’understandingoflocalsocialrulesandcustoms.

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Contact ListCharlynn Burd cburd@utk.edu

Amy Cervenan amy.cervenan@utoronto.ca

Rikard Eriksson rikard.eriksson@geography.umu.se website: www.geo.umu.se/english/socialgeography/staff/eriksson-rikard

Melanie Fasche melanie.fasche@gmx.de

Richard Florida florida@rotman.utoronto.ca website: martinprosperity.org/people/richard-florida www.creativeclass.com twitter: @Richard_Florida

Shawn Gilligan shawn.gilligan@rotman.utoronto.ca

Soshanah Goldberg culturalcities@gmail.com

Mark Graham mark.graham@oii.ox.ac.uk website: www.geospace.co.uktwitter: @geoplace

Vivian Ho vivian.ho@usc.edu

Brian J. Hracs brian.hracs@kultgeog.uu.se website: katalog.uu.se/empInfo/?id=N11-2066

Karen King karen.king@rotman.utoronto.ca

Elizabeth Mack eamack1@asu.edu

Charlotta Mellander charlotta.mellander@ihh.hj.se

Oli Mould olimould@gmail.com website: www.taCity.co.uktwitter: @olimould

Anirban Mukherjee anirban@ksu.edu

Richard Ocejo rocejo@jjay.cuny.edu website: jjay.cuny.edu/departments/sociology/faculty.php?key=[email]=%27rocejo@jjay.cuny.edu%27

Pepijn Olders pepijn.olders@kultgeog.uu.se

Andrey Petrov andrey.petrov@uni.edu

Haifeng Qian h.qian@csuohio.edu website: facultyprofile.csuohio.edu/csufacultyprofile/detail.cfm?FacultyID=H_QIAN

Elliot Siemiatycki esiemiat@geog.ubc.ca

Jenny Sjoholm jenny.sjoholm@kultgeog.uu.se

Ben Spigel ben.spigel@utoronto.ca website: www.benspigel.comtwitter: @ben_spigel

Kimberly Silk kimberly.silk@rotman.utorono.ca

Kevin Stolarick kevin.stolarick@rotman.utoronto.ca website: martinprosperity.orgtwitter: @stolarick