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Junhong Chen and Chris Boreham
Isotopic Analysis of Compounds in Low Concentration in Australian Natural Gases Using CF-GC-IRMS Systems
Isotopic Analysis of Compounds in Low Concentration in Australian Natural Gases Using a CF-GC-IRMS System
Isotope and Organic Geochemistry Team at GA
Aim
Explore efficient analytical methods of natural gases isotopic composition, especially for those in low concentrations;
Provide new isotope data sets (neo-C5, N2) for natural gas evolution assessments
Isotopic Analysis of Compounds in Low Concentration in Australian Natural Gases Using a CF-GC-IRMS System
Instruments
• 13C/12C, 15N/14N analysis: Thermo Finnigan-MAT 252 (253) GC-C-IRMS System
with ConFlo III (IV) interface
Isotopic Analysis of Compounds in Low Concentration in Australian Natural Gases Using a CF-GC-IRMS System
Instruments• D/H: Thermo Finnigan Delta Plus XL GC-TC-IRMS
System (TC – High Temperature Conversion)
Isotopic Analysis of Compounds in Low Concentration in Australian Natural Gases Using a CF-GC-IRMS System
Analytical Conditions (δ13C and δD)
GC conditions:• GC columns: Varian, coating: PoraPlot Q; 25m x 0.32mm (ID),
0.25m.• Oven temperature:
Isothermal at 30oC for methane, CO2 and ethane; Increased at 20°C/min to 230°C for C3-C5.
• Injector temperature: 150ºC• Split Ratio: 200:1 to 25:1.
Furnace temperatures for δ13C:• Oxidation: 900ºC• Reduction: 630ºC
Furnace temperature for δD: 1400ºC
Isotopic Analysis of Compounds in Low Concentration in Australian Natural Gases Using a CF-GC-IRMS System
Injection Requirements (δ13C)
Peak intensity required for reliable results: Trace m/z 44: Min 0.3 V; Max 7V (MAT 252)
50V (MAT 253)• Equivalent to: 0.0064 – 0.15µg (MAT 253:
1.05µg)• Split ratio: 200:1 to 25:1• Injection volume: 30µl – 20 ml• Cryo-trapping: only applied for C1-C3 and CO2 when
large volumes (>200µl) are needed
Isotopic Analysis of Compounds in Low Concentration in Australian Natural Gases Using a CF-GC-IRMS System
Analysis for C1, CO2 and C2
Refe
ren
ce
Sta
ndard
C1
CO2
C2
30°C; 200:140l, 3 injections
30°C; 25:1150l, 2 injections
BF C1BF C1
44
45/44
CO2
C2
Compositions (mol%) :C1: 85.67CO2: 2.03C2: 6.47
C1
CO2C2
Isotopic Analysis of Compounds in Low Concentration in Australian Natural Gases Using a CF-GC-IRMS System
C2+: manual or programmed?
• Manual: Use timer to remind operator to switch between SF and BF and start GC to increase oven temperature after C2 elutes.
• Programmed: Inject sample at injection time and ‘walk away’: the program automatically switches between SF and BF and start to increase oven temperature at the right time.
Isotopic Analysis of Compounds in Low Concentration in Australian Natural Gases Using a CF-GC-IRMS System
Split ratio 25:1; inject 200μl
BF:170-360s
200 400 600 800 1000Time (s)
45/44
44 C2 C3
i-C4
n-C4
i-C5 n-C5
30°C
20°C/min
230°CGC oven temperature programming
Injection time
Isotopic Analysis of Compounds in Low Concentration in Australian Natural Gases Using a CF-GC-IRMS System
200 400 600 800 1000
45/44
44 C2 C3
i-C4
n-C4
i-C5 n-C5
Isotopic Analysis of Compounds in Low Concentration in Australian Natural Gases Using a CF-GC-IRMS System
C4 and C5
• No need of cryo-trapping.
• C4 and C5 will ‘focus’ at the front end of GC column until oven temperature increased.
• Neo-C5: ―Extremely low concentration in natural
samples. ―Backflushing is needed! ―Routinely analysed at GA.
neo-C5
i-C4
n-C4
i-C5n-C5
GC-IRMS m/z 44 trace of C4 and C5 hydrocarbons
Split ratio: 25:1Injection volume: 200µl
Isotopic Analysis of Compounds in Low Concentration in Australian Natural Gases Using a CF-GC-IRMS System
BF BF
GC-IRMS m/z 44 trace of neo-C5
neo-C5
i-C4, n-C4, i-C5 and n-C5 are back flushed (BF)
Split ratio: 25:1Inject volume: 8ml
Isotopic Analysis of Compounds in Low Concentration in Australian Natural Gases Using a CF-GC-IRMS System
neo-Pentane and biodegradation
n-pentane iso-pentane neo-pentane
Biodegradation Difficulty
Isotopic Analysis of Compounds in Low Concentration in Australian Natural Gases Using a CF-GC-IRMS System
Neo-C5: application to gas correlation
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
C1 C2 C3 i-C4 n-C4 neo-C5 i-C5 n-C5
d13
C (
o/ o
o)
Barrow Island Z56M non-biodegraded
Barrow Island F 82M - moderately biodegraded
Tubridgi-18 - severely biodegraded
Isotopic Analysis of Compounds in Low Concentration in Australian Natural Gases Using a CF-GC-IRMS System
-200
-150
-100
-50
0
50
100
C1 C2 C3 i-C4 n-C4 neo-C5 i-C5 n-C5
d2H
(o/ o
o)
Barrow Island Z56M non-biodegraded
Barrow Island F 82M - moderately biodegraded
Tubridgi-18 - severely biodegraded
Neo-C5: application to gas correlation
Isotopic Analysis of Compounds in Low Concentration in Australian Natural Gases Using a CF-GC-IRMS System
Australian sedimentary basins with natural gas deposits
Isotopic Analysis of Compounds in Low Concentration in Australian Natural Gases Using a CF-GC-IRMS System
Use gas carbon isotope to correlate source rocks 13C kerogen = 13C i-butane (Boreham et al. APPEA)
Isotopic Analysis of Compounds in Low Concentration in Australian Natural Gases Using a CF-GC-IRMS System
-55
-50
-45
-40
-35
-30
-25
-20-50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0
i -C4 (delta 13C, per mil)
neo
-C5
(de
lta
13C
, p
er
mil
)
Gippsland
Otway
Bonaparte
Browse
Carnarvon
Perth
Amadeus
13C neo-pentane vs i-butane
13C i-C4 (‰ )
13C
neo
-C5 (‰
)
Marine
Terrestrial
13C kerogen = 13C neo-C5 + 2‰
biodegradation
Isotopic Analysis of Compounds in Low Concentration in Australian Natural Gases Using a CF-GC-IRMS System
N2: A preliminary study
BOC UHP N2 as reference (15N = -1.5‰)
Oxidisation furnace temperature reduced from 900C to 600C; Reduction furnace still at 630C
The N2 of air (15N = 0 ‰) was used as the standard
GC oven temperature: 30C
Split ratio: 200:1 to 25:1
Injection volumes: variable
Isotopic Analysis of Compounds in Low Concentration in Australian Natural Gases Using a CF-GC-IRMS System
GC-IRMS traces of N2
29/28
28, 29
Air N2: 15N = 0.29‰ stdev = 0.09
Gas 1: 15N = 0.45‰ stdev = 0.11
Gas 2: 15N = 0.54‰ stdev = 0.12
Gas 3: 15NAIR = -0.37‰ stdev = 0.10
Isotopic Analysis of Compounds in Low Concentration in Australian Natural Gases Using a CF-GC-IRMS System
N2 Results:
-40
-35
-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
-7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3Delta N15
De
lta
13
C o
f i-
bu
tan
e
BowenGippslandOtwaySuratBonaparteBrowseCarnarvonPerthAmadeus
15N N2(‰)1
3C
i-
C4 (‰
)
Terrestrial
Marine
biodegradation
Air
Isotopic Analysis of Compounds in Low Concentration in Australian Natural Gases Using a CF-GC-IRMS System
N2 Results:
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
-8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4
Delta N15
N2
mo
l%BowenGippslandOtwaySuratBonaparteBrowseCarnarvonPerthAmadeus
15N N2(‰)
N2 m
ol
%
Terrestrial Marine
from ‘air’ in meteoric water
Air
Isotopic Analysis of Compounds in Low Concentration in Australian Natural Gases Using a CF-GC-IRMS System
Isotopic Analysis of Compounds in Low Concentration in Australian Natural Gases Using a CF-GC-IRMS System
Acknowledgements
We would like to thank Ziqing Hong, Neel Jinadasa, Prince Palatty, Alex Moisis of GA for analysis of gas compositions, which provide necessary information for isotopic analysis.
Phone: +61 2 6249 9111
Web: www.ga.gov.au
Email: [email protected]
Address: Cnr Jerrabomberra Avenue and Hindmarsh Drive, Symonston ACT 2609
Postal Address: GPO Box 378, Canberra ACT 2601
Thank you!
Presentation Contents
• Aim
• Methods and Instruments
• Results and Applications
• Summary
Isotopic Analysis of Compounds in Low Concentration in Australian Natural Gases Using a CF-GC-IRMS System