www.eenadupratibha.net www.eenadupratibha.net BOARD OF INTERMEDIATE EDUCATION Jr. INTER ZOOLOGY MODEL PAPER TIME: 3 HOURS (w.e.f. 2013 - 14) Max. MARKS: 60 SECTION – A i) Answer All the questions. (10 × 2 = 20) ii) All are VERY SHORT answer type questions. iii) Each question carries TWO marks. 1. Explain tautonymy. Give one example. 2. Name two larval forms of sponges. 3. What is endostyle? What is its function? 4. What is biological magnification? 5. What is paurometabolous development? Give one example. 6. What is lymph? How does it differ from plasma? 7. Define mutualism. Give one example. 8. The head of cockroach is said to be hypognathous. Justify the statement. 9. What is nocturnal periodicity? Give one example. 10. What is nitrogen fixation? Give one example of an organism that fixes nitrogen. SECTION - B i) Answer any SIX questions. (6 × 4 = 24) ii) All are SHORT ANSWER type questions. iii) Each question carries FOUR marks. 11. Describe the system of binominal nomenclature. 12. Mention the general characters of Holothuroidea. 13. Mention the general characters of the class Amphibia. 14. Give an account of flagellar locomotion. 15. Draw a neat labelled diagram of a multipolar neuron. 16. In your view what motivates youngsters to take to alcohol or drugs and how can this be avoided? www.eenadupratibha.net www.eenadupratibha.net
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BOARD OF INTERMEDIATE EDUCATION
Jr. INTER ZOOLOGY MODEL PAPERTIME: 3 HOURS (w.e.f. 2013 - 14) Max. MARKS: 60
SECTION – Ai) Answer All the questions. (10 ×× 2 = 20)
ii) All are VERY SHORT answer type questions.
iii) Each question carries TWO marks.
1. Explain tautonymy. Give one example.
2. Name two larval forms of sponges.
3. What is endostyle? What is its function?
4. What is biological magnification?
5. What is paurometabolous development? Give one example.
6. What is lymph? How does it differ from plasma?
7. Define mutualism. Give one example.
8. The head of cockroach is said to be hypognathous. Justify the statement.
9. What is nocturnal periodicity? Give one example.
10. What is nitrogen fixation? Give one example of an organism that fixes nitrogen.
SECTION - B i) Answer any SIX questions. (6 ×× 4 = 24)
ii) All are SHORT ANSWER type questions.
iii) Each question carries FOUR marks.
11. Describe the system of binominal nomenclature.
12. Mention the general characters of Holothuroidea.
13. Mention the general characters of the class Amphibia.
14. Give an account of flagellar locomotion.
15. Draw a neat labelled diagram of a multipolar neuron.
16. In your view what motivates youngsters to take to alcohol or drugs and how can
this be avoided?
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17. Give an account of Haversian system of a compact bone.
18. Give an account of transverse binary fission.
SECTION - Ci) Answer any TWO questions. (2 ×× 8 = 16)
ii) All are LONG ANSWER type questions.
iii) Each question carries EIGHT marks.
19. Describe the mosquito phase of the life history of Plasmodium vivax.
20. Describe the digestive system of Periplaneta americana. Add a note on
physiology of digestion.
21. Give an account of the flow of energy in an ecosystem.
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ANSWERSSECTION - A
1. Explain Tautonymy. Give one example.
A: The practice of naming the organisms in which generic name and species name
A: Undulating Movements: As the flagellum is long and thread like structure, itshows undulating movements.
★ Undulation from base to tip causes a pushing force and the organism ispushed backwards.
★ Undulation from tip to base causes a pulling force and the organism is pulledforwards.
Sidewise lashing movements: This type of movement consists of two strokes,namely, effective stroke and recovery stroke.
★ In effective stroke, flagellum becomes rigid and starts bending to onesidefastly beating against water. Thus the organism move forwards.
★ In recovery stroke, flagellum becomes soft and brought to its original position slowly. It is followed by effective stroke.
Gyration: In this type of movement, flagellum turns like a screw. It exerts propelling action that pulls the organism forward with a spiral rotation aroundthe axis (gyration).
15. Draw a neat labled diagram of a multipolar neuron.
A:
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Dendrites
Cell body
Axon branch
Myelin
Muscle
Multi Polar Neuron
Nucleus
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Axon covered with myelin sheath
Node of Ranvier
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16. In your view what motivates youngsters to take to alcohol or drugs andhow can this be avoided.
A: The age between 12 to 18 is considered as adolescent period- in which the child
become mature. During this period several biological and behavioural changes
occur. It is a vulnerable phase of an individual.
Causes motivating TDA abuse: Curiosity, desire for adventure and
excitement, experimentation etc., are main causes for the use of tobacco, drugs
& alcohol (TDA). Moreover, T.V., Movies, internet etc., also promoting this
wrong perception.
Prevention & Control:
★ Aoivd undue parental pressure.
★ Responsibility of parents and teachers- when they observe danger signs, they
should counsel those children.
★ Seeking help from peers.
★ education and counselling.
★ Seeking professional and medical help.
17. Give an account of Haversian system of a compact bone.
A: A compact bone is covered by a fibrous connective tissue sheath called periosteum. The cavity in the bone is known as marrow cavity which is filledwith bone marrow.
★ Marrow cavity is lined by endosteum. Between periosteum and endosteum,
matrix is present in the form of lamellae. The matrix contains Haversian
Canals, which contains blood vessels and lymph vessel.
★ Each Haversian canal is surrounded by concentric lamellae. In between thelamellae there are fluid filled lacunae with canaliculi. Adjacent lacunae andHaversian Canal are interconnected by the canaliculi. Each lacuna containsan osteocyte. A Haversian Canal, the surrounding lamellae and lacunae aretogether called on Osteon or Haversian System.
18. Give an account of transverse binary fission.
A: Transeverse binary fission is seen in Paramoecium. It is a solitory, free swimming ciliate found in fresh water and is commonly called slipper animalcule. On oral surface, Paramoecium has an oral groove, Cytostome andCytopharynx. It has cilia all over the body and contains a macronucleus, amicronucleus and two contractile vacuoles (anterior and posterior).
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Paramoecium reproduces asexually by binary fission during favourable conditions. During fission, it stops feeding. Macronucleus divides by amitosisand micronucleus by mitosis (Division of nucleus is called Karyokinesis anddivision of Cytoplasm is called Cytokenesis). Oral groove disappears. Now aconstriction appears in the middle, grow deep and divide the parent into twodaughter Paramoecia. The daughter formed from anterior part is called proterand that is formed from posterior part is called Opisthe.
Proper receives the anterior contractile vacuole, cytostome and cytopharynxfrom the parent. A new oral groove and posterior contractile vacuole are formedin it. Opisthe receives the posterior contractile vacuole of the parent. It acquiresnew oral groove, cytostome, cytopharynx and anterior contractile vacuole.
In Paramoecium, as the plane of binary fission is at right angles to the long axisof the body, it is called homothetogenic fission. As it occurs at right angles tokinetis, it is also called perkinetal fission.
SECTION - C
19. Describe the mosquito phase of the life history of Plasmodium vivax.
A: When a female Anopheles sucks the blood from a malaria patient, all stages ofPlasmodium except gametocytes are digested. The pH and temperature of cropof mosquito are favourable for the development of gametocytes.
Gametogony: The process of formation of microgametes (male gametes) frommicrogametocytes and macrogametes (female gametes) from macrogametocytes is called gametogony.
★ Nucleus of microgametocyte divides 2 - 3 times and from 4 - 8 pronuclei.Along with some cytoplasm, they project out as thread like cells. They showlashing movements and then seperated from macrogametocytes. This processis called exflagellation.
★ Macrogametocyte divide once and form a large cell called macrogamete anda small cell called polar body. Polar body disintigrates Macrogamete develops a conical projection called fertilisation cone.
Fertilisation (syngamy): Fusion of two gametes is known as syngamy. Duringthis process, a macrogamete is fertilised by a microgamete (anisogamy). Thusa zygote is formed.
Ookinete, Oocyst: Zygote becomes spindle shaped and move towards the wallof crop. This motile stage is called Ookinete (vermicule). It penetrates throughwall of crop and reaches the underside of the outermost layer. Here, it becomesround, grow in size and then encysts. This is called Oocyst.
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Sporogony (Cycle of Ross): Formation of sporozytes from oocyst is known as
sporogony. Nucleus in oocyst divides many times and form many nuclei (first
division is meiosis). Each nucleus is encircled by some cytoplasm and thus
sporoblasts are formed. They gradually become sporozoites. When oocyst ruptures,
sporozoites are released into the blood of mosquito, from where, they reach salivary
glands and ready to infect a new host.
20. Describe the digestive system of Periplaneta americana. Add a note on
physiology of digestion.
A: Digestive system of the cockroach consists of two parts- Alimentary canal and
Digestive glands, that are associated with alimentary canal.
1. Alimentary canal: Infront of the mouth, preoral cavity is present, which is
surrounded by mouthparts and it is divided by two chambers by hypopharynx
anterior cibarium and posterior salivarium into which the salivary gland open.
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Oocyst
Nuclei
Sporoblasts
Sporogony
Formation ofsporozoites
Oocyst burstsliberating
sporozoites
Sporozoites insalivary glands
Cyst wallWall of crop
Ookinete(zygote)Megagamete
Microgamete
Megagamete
Cone of reception
Gametogony
Megagamete
Polar bodyMegagametocyte
Microgametocyte
LIFE CYCLE IN MOSQUITO
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★ Alimentary canal is a long,
tubular structure, which is
longer than the length of the
body, hence it is coiled with
some parts. It is extended
between mouth anteriorly and
anus posteriorly.
★ Alimentary canal contains
three parts., i.e., foregut (sto-
modaeum), midgut (mesen-
teron) and hindgut (procto-
daeum). Stomodaeum and
Proctodaeum are internally
lined by chitinous layer
derived from ectoderm and
mesenteron is internally lined
by glandular epithelium
derived from endoderm.
★ Foregut includes mouth,
pharynx, oesophagus crop and gizzard. Mouth leads to pharynx which leads
to narrow, tubular oesophagus, which opens into a thin walled, elongated
crop. Crop is used for temporary storage of food. Crop opens into thick
walled, muscular round, bulb-like gizzard or proventricus.
★ The gizzard can be devided into anterior armarium and posterior stom-
adaeal valve. The cuticular lining of gizzard thickens to form six chitinized
teeth, and behind them cushion-like pads covered with bristles. The teeth
help in grainding the food, while bristles help in filtering the food.
★ The hind part of gizzard projects into midgut as a funnel, called stomodaeal
valve, which prevents regurgitation.
★ The gizzard is followed by a narrow, short tube, called 'mesenteron' or
'ventricules'. Arising from mesenteron at the junction with gizzard eight
finger-like, tubular, blind processes called hepatic caecae, which are helpful,
in digestion and absorption.
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Salivary gland
Oesophagus
CropHepatic caecae
Malpighian tubelesIleum
10th Tergum
Rectum
Colon
Gizzard
Mesenteron
head
Periplaneta Americana: Digestive system
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★ Mesenteron can be functionally divided into anterior secretory and posterior
absorptive parts.
★ The internal lining of mesenteron is covered by very thin layer of
transparent peritrophic membrane, which is produced by stomodeal valve.
This membrane protects the wall from sharp objects may be present in the
food.
★ Digestion and absorption of digested food are completed in midgut.
★ Undigested food enters hindgut, which includes 3 parts - Ileum, colon, and
rectum. The opening of midgut into hindgut is ragulated by a sphincter
muscle, which prevents the undigested food to reenter into midgut.
★ Ileum following midgut is a short, narrow tube. The junction of midgut and
hindgut is marked by the presence of nearly 60-150 long filamentous, yellow
coloured and blind 'malpighian tubules', which are excretory organs.
★ Ileum opens into colon, which ends in a broad rectum, which opens by an
anus lying posteriorly below the 10th tergum.
★ Inner lining of colon is wrinkled and that of the rectum forms six thick
longitudinal folds, called 'rectal papillae', which are considered with
reabsorption of water from the undigested food.
Digestive glands:
★ Digestive glands of cockroach include salivary gland, hepatic caecae, and
glandular cells of mesenteron.
★ A pair of salivary glands, attached to ventro-lateral sides of the crop in the
thorax, containing each gland has two glandular portions and bag like
reservoir. From salivary portions of both, sides a pair of salivary ducts arise
and unite to form a common duct of salivary glands or median salivary duct.
★ From each reservoir, a recepticular duct arises and both ducts unite to form
a common duct of reservoir. Two common ducts join to form an efferent
salivary duct, which opens in the preoral cavity, at the base of hypopharynx.
★ Each salivary gland is made up of several secreting lobules, called acini.
Each acinus is formed of zymogen cells, and a short ductule.
★ Hepatic caecae contain secretory and absorptive cells.
★ The glangular cells of mesenteron secrete digestive enzymes-
disaccharidases, cellulase proteases and lipase.
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Physiology of digestion: Cockroach is an omnivorous animal. It feeds on all
substances. It detects the food with sensillae on antenna and labial palps.
Among the mouth parts, the food is thoroughly chewed. During chewing, food
is mixed with saliva and then it reaches the crop. Amylase of saliva digests the
carbohydrates into disaccharides. Then food is thoroughly ground in gizzard
and then reach the mesenteron, where, it is digested as shown below.
DisaccharidasesDisaccharides → Monosaccharides like Glucose
CellulaseCellulose → Soluble sugars.
Proteases proteins → Amino acids
LipaseFats → Fatty acids, Glycerol.
Digested food is absorbed in midgut and hepatic caecae. Undigested matter
reaches the rectum, where water is absorbed. Then the matter is egested through
anus as pellets.
21. Give an account of the flow of energy in an ecosystem.
A: The chief energy source of all living organisms on the earth is the sun, producers (green plants and photosynthetic bacteria) trap 2 - 10% of photosynthetically active radiation of sun and synthesise organic food materialsby using water, CO2 etc. It means the producers convert the solar energy intochemical energy.
The ecosystems and the organisms which constitute the biotic component of theecosystem may be different, but the pattern of flow of energy (transfer of ener-gy through a food chain) in all ecosystems remains same.
The chemical energy in producers is utilised for their life activities and the
remaining is stored in their body as reserve food. It is transfered to herbivores
and from them to the carnivores. Hence the energy flow is unidirectional, i.e.,
from one trophic level to the next trophic level.
First law of thermodynamics states that energy is neither created nor destroyed
but is transformed from one form to another. The second law of thermodynam-
ics states that the energy dispersed is in the form of unavailable heat energy, and
constitutes the entropy (energy lost or not available for work in a system)
The important point to note is that the amount of energy available decreases at
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successive trophic levels. When organism dies, it is converted to detritus or
dead biomass that serves as a source of energy for the decomposers.
According to ten percent law (proposed by Lindeman) during transfer of
energy from one trophic level to the next, only about 10% of energy is stored,
converted into biomass. The remaining is lost in catabolism and transfer. This
is called Lindeman's rule of trophic efficiency or gross ecological efficiency.
