JURNAL HORTIKULTURAhortikultura.litbang.pertanian.go.id/jurnal_pdf/272/CoverDanLain... · BADAN...

Volume 27 No. 2, 2017 ISSN 0853-7097 E-ISSN 2502-5120

654/AU3/P2MI-LIPI/07/2015

BADAN PENELITIAN DAN PENGEMBANGAN PERTANIANPUSAT PENELITIAN DAN PENGEMBANGAN HORTIKULTURA

JAKARTA, INDONESIA

JURNALHORTIKULTURA

(JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE)

(Journal of Horticulture)Volume 27 No. 2 ISSN 0853-7097 Tahun 2017

E-ISSN 2502-5120 Terakreditasi Berdasarkan Keputusan Kepala Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia

Nomor: 818/E/2015

JURNAL HORTIKULTURA

Penanggung Jawab (Officially Incharge)Kepala Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hortikultura(Director of Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development)

Dewan Redaksi (Board of Editors)

Prof. (R) Dr. I Djatnika, M.S., Peneliti Utama

Prof. (R) Dr. Didi Ardi Suriadikarta, M.Sc., Peneliti Utama

Dr. Witono Adiyoga, M.S., Peneliti Utama

Drs. M. Jawal Anwarudin Syah, M.S., Peneliti Utama

Prof. (R) Dr. Ika Mariska, Peneliti Utama

Prof. (R) Dr. Budi Marwoto, M.S., Peneliti Utama

Dr. Ir. Setyadjit, M.App.Sc., Peneliti Utama

Redaksi Pelaksana (Managing Editors)

Drs. Sanuki PratiknoIr. Ofi LuthfiyahAat Indah Widiastuti, S.Kom.Turyono, S.P. Gusrianto, S.Kom. Sartono

Alamat (Address)Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan HortikulturaJln. Tentara Pelajar No. 3C, Kampus Penelitian Pertanian Cimanggu, Bogor 16111, IndonesiaTelp. +62 251-8372096, 7565366 (Eks. 324) (Hunting System), Faks. +62 251-8387651, 8575664E-mail: [email protected]: www.hortikultura.litbang.pertanian.go.id, www.ejurnal.litbang.pertanian.go.id/index.php/jhort

(Fitopatologi/Phytopathology)Balai Penelitian Tanaman Hias

(Kesuburan Tanah/Soil Fertility)Balai Penelitian Tanah

(Sosial Ekonomi/Social Economics)Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran

(Agronomi/Agronomy) Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hortikultura

(Bioteknologi/Biotechnology)Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumber Daya Genetik Pertanian(Pemuliaan/Breeding) Balai Penelitian Tanaman Hias

(Teknologi Pascapanen/Postharvest Technology)Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pascapanen Pertanian

Volume 27 No. 2, 2017 ISSN 0853-7097E-ISSN 2502-5120

654/AU3/P2MI-LIPI/07/2015

BADAN PENELITIAN DAN PENGEMBANGAN PERTANIANPUSAT PENELITIAN DAN PENGEMBANGAN HORTIKULTURA

JAKARTA, INDONESIA

(JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE)

JURNALHORTIKULTURA

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JURNAL HORTIKULTURA (JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE)

Volume 27, No. 2 ISI (CONTENT) Tahun 2017

Lembar Abstrak (Current Content) ..........................................................................................................................

Pemuliaan dan Teknologi Benih (Breeding and Seed Technology)Uji Daya Hasil Tujuh Genotipe Cabai Rawit pada Ekosistem Dataran Tinggi Pangalengan, Jawa Barat (Yield Trial of Seven

Genotypes of Chili in Highland Ecosystem in Pangalengan, West Java) Kusmana, Yenni Kusandriani, dan Diny Djuariah ..........................................................................................................................................................................

Keragaman Jeruk Gunung Omeh (Citrus nobilis Lour.) di Sumatera Barat Berdasarkan Marka RAPD [The Diversity of Gunung Omeh Citrus (Citrus nobilis Lour.) in West Sumatera Based on RAPD Marker] Nirmala Friyanti Devy dan Hardiyanto .............................................................................................................................................................

Pengujian Stabilitas Genetik Plantlet Citrumelo Hasil tTCL dari Kultur In Vitro Dengan Menggunakan Teknik Sekuen Berulang (Genetic Stability Assessment of Plantlet Derived tTCL Citrumelo Using Repetitive Sequence Technique) Farida Yulianti, Hidayatul Arisah, dan Dita Agisimanto ..............................................................................................

Pengaruh Penyambungan Plantlet Jeruk Siam Kintamani (Citrus nobilis Lour.) yang Diregenerasi Melalui Embriogenesis Somatik Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Tanaman [The effect of Grafted Kintamani Tangerine Plantlet Derived from Somatic Embryogenesis on its Growth and Production] Nirmala Friyanti Devy, Yenni, dan Hardiyanto ..................

Evaluasi Dua Calon Varietas Unggul Melon di Sumatera Barat, Jawa Barat, dan Jawa Timur (Evaluation of Two Superior Variety Candidates of Melon in West Sumatera, West Java, and East Java) Makful, Hendri, dan Sahlan ..................

Fisiologi dan Agronomi (Physiology and Agronomy)Peningkatan Produksi dan Mutu Benih Kubis Bunga Melalui Pemupukan Boron dan Penggunaan Naungan Plastik Transparan

(Improving Cauliflower Seed Production and Quality Through the Use of Boron Fertilizer and Plastic Transparent Shade) Bina Karo, Agustina Erlinda Marpaung, dan Diny Djuariah ..................................................................................

Peningkatan Produksi Benih Botani Bawang Merah (Allium cepa var. ascalonicum) di Dataran Rendah Subang Melalui Aplikasi BAP dan Introduksi Apis cerana (Increasing True Shallot Seed Production (Allium cepa var. ascalonicum) in Lowland Area Through the Application of BAP and Introduction of Apis cerana) Leli Kurniasari, Endah Retno Palupi, Yusdar Hilman, dan Rini Rosliani ...............................................................................................................................

Kelas Benih Kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) Berdasarkan Pertumbuhan, Produksi, dan Mutu Produk [Seed Class Potatoes Based on Growth, Production, and Quality Products (Solanum tuberosum L.)] Djoko Mulyono, M. Jawal Anwarudin Syah, Apri Laila Sayekti, dan Yusdar Hilman ................................................................................................................

Proteksi (Protection)Bioaktivitas Enam Ekstrak Tumbuhan untuk Pengendalian Hama Tungau Kuning Cabai Polyphagotarsonemus latus Banks

(Acari: Tarsonemidae), di Laboratorium (Bioactivity from Six Plants Extract to Control Chili Pepper Yellow Mites Polyphagotarsonemus latus Banks under Laboratory Condition) Ahsol Hasyim, Wiwin Setiawati, Luluk Sutji Marhaeni, Liferdi Lukman, dan Abdi Hudayya .............................................................................................................

Perkembangan Penyakit Diplodia Pada Tiga Isolat Botryodiplodia theobromae Path. dan Peran Toksin dalam Menekan Penyakit pada Jeruk (Citrus spp.) (Diplodia Disease Development and Toxin of Three Isolates Botryodiplodia theobromae Path. on Citrus (Citrus spp.) Mutia Erti Dwiastuti, Gusti Ngurah Ketut Budiarta dan Loekas Soesanto ......

Pascapanen dan Pascaproduksi (Postharvest and Postproduction)Pengaruh Ozonisasi dan Kemasan untuk Mereduksi Residu Pestisida dan Mempertahankan Karakteristik Kesegaran Cabai

Merah dalam Penyimpanan (The Effect of Ozone and Packaging in Storage for Decreasing in Pesticide Residue and Keeping the Freshness of Red Chili Characteristic) Ali Asgar, Darkam Musaddad, dan Rahmat Sutarya .........................

Keefektifan Bahan Pencuci dan Pencegah Penyakit Terhadap Kualitas Buah Mangga cv. Gedong Gincu dan Arumanis (The Effectiveness of Washing Materials and Disease Protecting Agent on the Quality of Mango Fruit cv. Gedong Gincu and Arumanis) Ahmad Sutopo, Roedhy Poerwanto, dan Suryo Wiyono .....................................................................

Agroekonomi (Agroeconomy)Studi Adopsi varietas bawang merah Bima Brebes dari Balitsa di Kabupaten Brebes (Adoption Study of Bima Brebes shallot

from IVEGRI in Brebes District) Rofik Sinung Basuki, Nur Khaririyatun, Asma Sembiring, dan Idha Widi Arsanti .........Analisis Rantai Nilai Komoditas Kubis (Brassica oleracea L): Studi Kasus di Sentra Produksi Kabupaten Karo

(Value Chain Analysis of Cabbages: Case Study in Karo District Production Centre) Idha Widi Arsanti, Apri Laila Sayekti, dan Adhitya Marendra Kiloes ...........................................................................................................................

Persepsi dan Adaptasi Petani Sayuran Terhadap Perubahan Iklim Di Sulawesi Selatan (Vegetable Farmers’ Perception on Adaptation to Climate Change in Lowland and Highland Areas of South Sulawesi) Witono Adiyoga dan Liferdi Lukman ..

Analisis Berkelanjutan Usahatani Tanaman Sayuran Berbasis Pengendalian Hama Terpadu di Kabupaten Tanggamus Provinsi Lampung (Analysis of Sustainability Status of Vegetable Farm Based on Integrated Pest Management at Tanggamus District Lampung Province) Sudiono, Surjono Hadi Sutjahjo, Nurheni Wijayanto, Purnama Hidayat, dan Rachman Kurniawan ....................................................................................................................................................................

Indeks Kumulatif (Cumulative Index) Vol. 27, No. 1-2 Tahun 2017 .........................................................................................

147-154

173-184

201-208

155-164

165-172

209-216

231-240

i-xiv

195-200

217-230

241-252

253-260

261-268

269-278

185-194

279-296

297-310311-314

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J. Hort. : Lembar Abstrak

Uji Daya Hasil Tujuh Genotipe Cabai Rawit pada Ekosistem Dataran Tinggi Pangalengan, Jawa Barat (Yield Trial of Seven Genotypes of Chili in Highland Ecosystem in Pangalengan, West Java) Kusmana, Yenni Kusandriani, dan Diny Djuariah

Bala i Pene l i t i an Tanaman Sayu ran , J l n . Ta n g k u b a n P a r a h u N o . 5 1 7 , L e m b a n g , Bandung Barat, Jawa Barat, Indonesia 40391 E-mail : [email protected]

J. Hort. Vol. 27, No. 2, Desember 2017, Halaman 147-154 ABSTRAK. Cabai rawit merupakan salah satu sayuran utama petani di dataran tinggi, karena memiliki nilai ekonomi tinggi dan dapat dengan mudah ditanam secara tumpang gilir dengan komoditas sayuran lainnya. Tujuan pengujian adalah mengetahui daya hasil genotipe-genotipe harapan cabai rawit pada agroekosistem dataran tinggi di Pangalengan. Pengujian menggunakan rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak, dengan empat ulangan. Bahan pengujian terdiri dari empat genotipe harapan cabai rawit yang merupakan koleksi plasma nutfah Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran, yaitu CRM 01, CRM 02, CRM 03, dan CRM 04 serta tiga varietas pembanding, yaitu Hot Seed, Patra, dan Bara. Pengujian dilakukan di Desa Gunung Cupu, Kecamatan Pangalengan, Kabupaten Bandung, 1.500 m dpl. Waktu pengujian bulan Maret sampai dengan Desember 2014. Data yang diamati meliputi data morfologi tanaman dan produktivitas hasil. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan karakter fenotipik antartujuh genotipe yang diuji. Genotipe CRM 03 menampilkan potensi hasil yang tertinggi (9,64 ton/ha), dengan karakter buah muda berwarna putih dan buah tua berwarna merah oranye. Genotipe CRM 03 dan genotipe Bara sangat cocok ditanam di dataran tinggi Pangalengan karena memiliki potensi hasil yang tinggi, yaitu CRM 03 mencapai 9,64 ton/ha sementara varietas pembanding Bara 8,76 ton/ha. Genotipe CRM 03 diharapkan akan menjadi varietas unggul baru cabai rawit yang mempunyai produktivitas tinggi dan cocok ditanam di Pangalengan dan akan mendongkrak produktivitas cabai rawit di Pangalengan dan daerah lainnya yang mempunyai agroekologi mirip dengan dataran tinggi Pangalengan.

Kata kunci: Cabai rawit (Capsicum sp.); Genotipe; Hasil; Dataran tinggi

ABSTRACT. Chili (Capsicum sp.) is the main vegetable for farmers in the highland because it has high economic value and can be grown intercrop with others vegetables. The objective of the research was

to test advanced genotypes of chili on yield under ecosystem highland of Pangalengan. The experimental design was randomized complete block design with four replications. Four genotypes of chili that were CRM01, CRM 02, CRM 03, and CRM 04 derived from advanced genotype from Indonesian Vegetables Research Institute and three varieties as comparison (Hot seed, Patra, and Bara) were used for treatments. The trial was conducted at Pangalengan, Bandung District, West Java Province, 1.500 m above sea level. The experiment was conducted since March until December 2014. Data observed was plant morphology and yield productivity. The result showed that was different phenotypic among the seven genotypes tested. CRM 03 Genotype was showed highest yielding (9.64 ton/ha), which has fruit character white and red orange for young and mature fruit. CRM 03 genotypes as well as variety of Bara was suitable to be grown in highland of Pangalengan due to high yielding. Yield obtained from CRM 03 was 9.64 ton/ha, whereas, Bara was 8.76 ton/ha. CRM 03 genotype hopefully can be released as a new variety with high yielding and adapted for Pangalengan and others locations similar to Pangalengan.

Keywords: Chili (Capsicum sp.); Genotype; Yield; Highland

Keragaman Jeruk Gunung Omeh (Citrus nobilis Lour.) di Sumatera Barat Berdasarkan Marka RAPD (The Diversity of Gunung Omeh Citrus (Citrus nobilis Lour.) in West Sumatera Based on RAPD Marker)

Nirmala Friyanti Devy1) dan Hardiyanto2)

1 )B a l a i P e n e l i t i a n Ta n a m a n J e r u k d a n Buah Subtropika , J ln . Raya Tlekung No. 1, Junrejo, Batu, Jawa Timur, Indonesia 65301 2)Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hortikultura, Jln. Tentara Pelajar No. 3C, Kampus Penelitian Pertanian Cimanggu, Bogor, Jawa Barat, Indonesia 16111 E-mail: [email protected]

J. Hort. Vol. 27, No. 2, Desember 2017, Halaman 155-164

ABSTRAK. Jeruk siam Gunung Omeh/Gn. Omeh (Citrus nobilis Lour.) merupakan jeruk lokal yang berkembang di seluruh sentra jeruk Sumatera Barat. Namun, buah yang ada di pasar sangat beragam fenotipiknya. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengelompokkan sebaran tanaman jeruk Gn. Omeh yang berada pada empat Kabupaten berdasarkan karakter genetik dan morfologi. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Januari sampai dengan Juni 2016, dengan 21 contoh daun dan buah berasal dari petani di empat kabupaten pengembangan wilayah jeruk Sumatera

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J. Hort. Vol. 27 No. 2, Desember 2017

Barat (Kabupaten Limapuluh Kota, Agam, Solok Selatan, dan Tanah Datar), dan dua contoh daun kontrol masing-masing asal BPMT dan PIT di Kabupaten Limapuluh Kota. Keragaman morfologi daun dan buah dianalisis dengan Analisis Komponen Utama (Principal Component Analysis/PCA). Data yang dihasilkan dianalisis lebih lanjut dengan kluster analisis untuk mengamati pengelompokannya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tingkat kemiripan secara genetik 23 contoh jeruk Gn. Omeh yang dianalisis menggunakan dua macam RAPD marker, yaitu OPA 04 dan OPA 18 yang menghasilkan 24 pita, di mana 83,3% adalah polimorfik. Berdasarkan dendrogram yang dihitung menurut UPGMA, 23 contoh daun jeruk secara genetis terbagi menjadi dua kelompok besar. Pada kelompok I, terdapat dua contoh asal Kabupaten Limapuluh Kota, sedangkan 21 contoh sisanya berada pada kelompok II. Pada derajat kemiripan antara 86,5–96%, tanaman PIT mirip dengan A1 dan satu subkelompok dengan S2, A5, T3, T5, dan S1, sedangkan BPMT mirip dengan T4, dan satu subkelompok dengan A4 dan A3. Berdasarkan karakter morfologi pada derajat kemiripan 75%, jeruk Gn. Omeh di Sumatera Barat terbagi menjadi lima kelompok, di mana pada kelompok 1, 3, 4, dan 5 masing-masing adalah contoh L1, T5, S5, dan S2, sedangkan 18 tanaman lainnya masuk di dalam kelompok 2. Dari hasil analisis secara genetik maupun morfologi menghasilkan derajat variasi yang cukup tinggi di antara 23 contoh yang ada. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa keragaman buah yang ada diduga disebabkan oleh penggunaan benih serta pengelolaan tanaman yang beragam.

Kata kunci: Jeruk (Citrus nobilis Lour.); RAPD; Morfologi

ABSTRACT. The Gunung Omeh citrus (Citrus nobilis Lour.) is a local citrus growing throughout the citrus center of West Sumatera. However, the fruits available in the market are very diverse phenotypic. The purpose of this study is to classify the spread of citrus cv. Gn. Omeh derived from four districts based on genetic and morphological characters. The study was conducted from January to June 2016, with 21 of leaf and fruit samples collected from four Citrus District Regional Development farmers in the West Sumatera (Limapuluh Kota, Agam, Solok Selatan, and Tanah Datar). Besides that, control leaf samples derived from Budwood Multiplication Block/BPMT and Single Mother Tree/PIT were used. The morphological diversity both leaves and fruits were analyzed by Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The result showed that the level of genetic similarity in 23 samples of orange Gn. Omeh analyzed using two markers RAPD namely OPA 04 and OPA 018 which generate 24 bands, where 83.3% were polymorphic The resulting data were further analyzed by cluster analysis

to observe groupings. Based on the dendrogram calculated according to UPGMA, 23 samples genetically are divided into two major groups. In the first group, there are two samples from Limapuluh Kota, while the remaining 21 samples are in second group. On the degree of similarity between 86.5–96%, PIT similar to the A1 plant and it belong to the same subgroup with S2, A5, T3, T5, S1. While BPMT similar to T4 plant, and it belong to the same subgroup with A4 and A3. Based on morphological characters at a 75% degree of similarity, the Gn. Omeh citrus in West Sumatra is divided into five groups, where the L1, T5, S5, and S2 plant sample belongs to the groups 1, 3, 4, and 5, respectively, while 18 others in Group 2. From the analysis of both genetic and morphological characters, it generates fairly high degree of variation among 23 samples. This shows that the diversity of the marketed is thought to be caused by the use of seed plants and crop cultivated management are diverse.

Keywords: Citrus nobilis Lour.; RAPD; Morphological

P e n g u j i a n S t a b i l i t a s G e n e t i k P l a n t l e t Citrumelo Hasil tTCL dari Kultur In Vitro Dengan Menggunakan Teknik Sekuen Berulang (Genetic Stability Assessment of Plantlet Derived tTCL Citrumelo Using Repetitive Sequence Technique)

Farida Yulianti, Hidayatul Arisah, dan Dita Agisimanto

Balai Penelitian Tanaman Jeruk dan Buah Subtropika, Jln. Raya Tlekung No. 1, Junrejo, Batu, Jawa Timur, Indonesia, 65327 E-mail: [email protected]


ABSTRAK. Protokol organogenesis untuk perbanyakan plantlet Citrumelo menggunakan metode transverse thin cell layer (tTCL) batang telah berhasil dikembangkan. Identifikasi stabilitas genetik tanaman hasil kultur jaringan mutlak diperlukan untuk menguji keberadaan off-type. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui potensi primer retrotransposon dan inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) dalam mendeteksi stabilitas genetik tanaman Citrumelo dari periode kultur yang panjang. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Juni 2013 sampai dengan Oktober 2015 di Laboratorium Pemuliaan Tanaman, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Jeruk dan Buah Subtropika, Tlekung. Sebanyak empat penanda dengan urutan basa berulang, yaitu retrotransposon dan ISSR digunakan untuk menguji stabilitas genetik plantlet in vitro yang berumur 22 bulan dan untuk mengonfirmasi metode yang dapat diandalkan untuk perbanyakan jeruk Citrumelo yang true-to-type

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pada masa mendatang. Daun plantlet diseleksi dan diisolasi secara bulk. Amplifikasi dilakukan terhadap DNA dengan sistem bulk segregant analysis (BSA), dan kemudian dipisahkan menggunakan gel agarose. Tanaman in vitro yang sama secara morfologi dapat dibedakan oleh penanda INT-retrotransposon yang mendeteksi adanya kehilangan pita pada grup sampel dengan ukuran 550 bp. Keberadaan retrotransposon dalam genom berlimpah dan aktivasinya diinduksi oleh stres. Kondisi kultur jaringan berpotensi menginduksi aktivasi retrotransposon. Keragaman genetik diperoleh sebesar 2,6%, tetapi masih dapat diterima untuk plantlet yang dihasilkan dari kultur jangka panjang. Plantlet yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah plantlet yang dikulturkan sejak awal tahun 2014 dan telah digunakan untuk mempelajari faktor media dan lingkungan kultur yang efisien pada Citrumelo selama periode 2014–2015. Aktivitas pengkajian variabilitas genetik plantlet yang dihasilkan melalui tTCL batang masih terus dilakukan. Kombinasi protokol dan deteksi berbasis penanda PCR menjadi sarana yang efektif untuk perbanyakan massa benih berkualitas hasil kultur jaringan untuk mendukung progam pemuliaan maupun perbenihan.

Kata kunci: Citrumelo; tTCL; Variabilitas genetik; Retrotransposon; ISSR

ABSTRACT. Assessment of genetic stability of long term cultivation of plantlet derived tTCL Citrumelo using repetitive sequence primers. Regeneration of plantlet from organogenesis of stem transverse thin cell layer (tTCL) was achieved for Citrumelo, a valuable rootstock. Identification of the genetic stability of plant tissue culture is absolutely necessary. The aim of this study was to assess the potential retrotransposons and inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) primers in detecting the genetic stability of the Citrumelo plantlet derived from tTCL technique. The research was conducted from Juni 2013 until October 2015 in Breeding Laboratory of Indonesian Citrus and Subtropical Fruits Research Institute. A four repetitive based sequences retrotransposon and ISSR marker assays were used to evaluate genetic stability of a group of 22 months old in vitro plantlets and to confirm the most reliable method for true-to-type propagation of Citrumelo. Leaves of plantlets were selected and isolated in bulk. Groups of DNA in bulk segregant analysis (BSA) were amplified and separated using agarose gel. Vitroplants that morphologically similar have been effectively distinguished by a selected primer INT- retrotransposon that detect an deletion band at 550 bp on a line a group of sample. Retrotransposon is abundance through the genome and its activation induced by stress condition. Tissue culture condition was reported potential to induce

retrotransposon activation. The genetic variation of 2.6% was acceptable for the culture that produced from long-term. Plantlets used in this study were selected from population induced from early 2014, and employed for studying media as well as environment factors for efficiently organogenesis of citrumelo in period of 2014–2015. However, additional study is on going for evaluating genetic variability from a cycle plantlet production through tTCL of stems. This combination protocol of organogenesis and PCR based markers detection would be powerful tools for mass propagation of high quality seedling derived tissue culture for breeding or cultivation programs.

Keywords: Citrumelo; tTCL; Genetic variability; Retrotransposon; ISSR

Pengaruh Penyambungan Plantlet Jeruk Siam Kintamani (Citrus nobilis Lour.) yang Diregenerasi Melalui Embriogenesis Somatik Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Tanaman ( T h e E f f e c t o f G r a f t e d K i n t a m a n i Tangerine Plantlet Derived from Somatic Embryogenesis on its Growth and Production) Nirmala Friyanti Devy1), Yenni1), dan Hardiyanto2) 1)Balai Penelitian Tanaman Jeruk dan Buah Subtropika, Jln. Raya Tlekung No. 1, Junrejo, Batu, Jawa Timur, Indonesia 65301 2)Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hortikultura, Jln. Tentara Pelajar No. 3C, Kampus Penelitian Pertanian Cimanggu, Bogor, Jawa Barat, Indonesia 16111 E-mail: [email protected]


ABSTRAK. Plantlet jeruk hasil perbanyakan embriogenesis somatik (ES) in vitro telah banyak dihasilkan. Meskipun demikian, pertumbuhan vegetatif dan generatif di lapang belum dievaluasi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi kemampuan pertumbuhan vegetatif dan generatif tanaman jeruk hasil sambung dengan plantlet asal ES dibandingkan mata tempel asal BPMT. Penelitian dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Tlekung, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Jeruk dan Buah Subtropika, mulai September 2013 sampai dengan Desember 2016. Materi penelitian adalah tanaman jeruk dengan batang atas asal (a) plantlet hasil regenerasi melalui ES tanpa bagian akarnya dan (b) mata tempel yang berasal dari Blok Penggandaan Mata Tempel (BPMT), yang masing-masing disambungkan dan ditempelkan dengan batang bawah Japansche Citroen (JC) berumur 8 bulan setelah transplanting. Tanaman hasil sambung berumur 1 tahun dipindah dan ditanam di lapang dengan jarak tanam rapat 1,5

iv


m x 1,5 m. Pengamatan pertumbuhan dilakukan mulai umur 18 – 42 bulan setelah transplanting (BST). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tanaman jeruk dengan batang atas hasil ES dapat tumbuh, berkembang, dan berproduksi sama dengan tanaman dengan batang atas asal BPMT. Tinggi tanaman, diameter batang atas, dan diameter batang bawah pada tanaman ES tidak berbeda nyata dengan tanaman BPMT. Tanaman pada dua perlakuan mulai berbunga pada umur 18 BST, dengan jumlah bunga, buah, dan persentase fruitset yang tidak berbeda nyata antarkedua perlakuan, demikian juga pada pembungaan pada tahun berikutnya. Jumlah buah pada tahun ke-2 berbuah (September 2014) dan akhir pengamatan (September 2016) menunjukkan terjadi kenaikan sebesar 215,7% dan 176,1% pada masing-masing perlakuan ES dan BPMT, sedangkan pada tahun ke-4 pembuahan (2016), perlakuan tanaman jeruk hasil ES mempunyai jumlah buah/tanaman dan berat buah total/tanaman lebih banyak secara nyata dibandingkan asal BPMT. Sifat fisik dan kualitas buah (vit C, total keasaman, dan TPT) yang dihasilkan relatif sama. Tanaman jeruk siam Kintamani yang berasal dari plantlet hasil perbanyakan ES in vitro dan disambungkan dengan batang bawah JC dapat tumbuh, berkembang, dan berproduksi dengan normal di lapang.

Kata kunci: Siam Kintamani (Citrus nobilis Lour.); BPMT; Sambung; Tempel; Embriogenesis somatik

ABSTRACT. The plantlets derived from citrus somatic embryogenesis (SE) in vitro have been widely produced. However, their vegetative and generative growth in the field has not been evaluated. The aimed of this research was to evaluate the ability of vegetative and generative growth both of SE and Budwood Multiplication Block (BMB) derived citrus plants. The research was conducted in Tlekung Experimental Garden, Indonesian Citrus and Subtropical Fruit Research Institute, from September 2013 to December 2016. The citrus plants derived from (a) root-decapitated plantlets and (b) buds come from BMB that were grafted and budded, respectively on 8 months old JC rootstock. One-year old grafted and budded plants were planted at field using a dense spacing (1.5 m x 1.5 m). The plant growth observation was done at 18–42 months after field transplanting (MAT). The results showed that the SE derived citrus plants could grow, develop, and produce as well as the BMB one. The SE and BMB plant height, scion, and rootstock diameter were not significantly different. All treatment plants were flowering on 18 MAT, the number of flower, fruit, and fruit set percentages were not significantly as well as in the following year. The fruit total in the 2nd year (September 2014) and the end of the observation (September 2016) showed an

increase of 215.7% and 176.1% on the both of SE and BMB derived plant, respectively. In the 4th year (2016), the number fruits/plant and total fruit weight/plant were better on SE derived plant than BMB one, however the fruit physical and quality properties produced (vitamin C, total acidity, and TSS) were relatively similar. The Kintamani tangerine citrus plants derived from plantlet that grafted on to JC rootstock could grow develop and produce well in the field.

Keywords: Kintamani tangerin (Citrus nobilis Lour.); Budwood multiplication block; Grafting; Budding; Somatic embryogenesis

Evaluasi Dua Calon Varietas Unggul Melon di Sumatera Barat, Jawa Barat, dan Jawa Timur (Evaluation of Two Superior Variety Candidates of Melon in West Sumatera, West Java, And East Java) Makful, Hendri, dan Sahlan

Balai Penelitian Tanaman Buah Tropika, Jln. Raya Solok-Aripan Km. 8, Solok, Sumatera Barat, Indonesia 27301E-mail: [email protected] J. Hort. Vol. 27, No. 2, Desember 2017, Halaman 185-194 ABSTRAK. Ketersediaan varietas baru melon yang sesuai dengan permintaan konsumen akan membuat komoditas ini lebih berharga sehingga dapat meningkatkan pendapatan petani. Secara umum, karakteristik melon yang diinginkan adalah manis, renyah, beraroma kuat, kulitnya berjala, dan tahan simpan. Sampai saat ini ada dua kandidat melon hibrida yang sedang dievaluasi. Pada tahun 2012 dilakukan uji penanaman dua calon varietas melon tersebut. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk melakukan evaluasi dua calon varietas unggul baru (genotipe MB1 dan MB2) di tiga lokasi tanam dan juga untuk memperoleh calon varietas melon baru. Penelitian dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Sumani (Solok, Sumatera Barat), Subang (Jawa Barat), dan Banyuwangi (Jawa Timur). Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan empat perlakuan, yaitu dua calon hibrida: 86H (MB1) dan 78M (MB2) dan dua varietas pembanding (Tropika dan Glamour), dengan enam ulangan. Setiap unit perlakuan terdiri dari 30 tanaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat interaksi nyata antara genotipe x lingkungan terhadap karakter berat buah dan total padatan terlarut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada karakter berat buah dan total padatan terlarut, genotipe 86H/MB1 memiliki koefisien regresi (βi) > 1, artinya genotipe memiliki stabilitas di bawah rerata (mempunyai daya adaptabilitas spesifik pada suatu lingkungan yang menguntungkan), sebaliknya untuk

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genotipe 78M/MB2 memiliki koefisien regresi (βi) < 1, yang berarti genotipe 78M/MB2 mempunyai stabilitas di atas rerata (tidak responsif terhadap perubahan lingkungan). Berdasarkan hasil pengujian di tiga lokasi diperoleh informasi berat buah semua aksesi tertinggi pada lokasi tanam Banyuwangi, yaitu genotipe 86H/MB1 dengan berat 2,35 kg, Tropika 2,68 kg, genotipe 78M/MB2 2,05 kg, dan Glamour 2,21 kg, TSS buah pada lokasi tanam Sumani, yaitu genotipe 86 H/MB1 dengan TSS 12,47ºBrix, Tropika 11,71ºBrix, genotipe 78 M/MB2 12,88ºBrix, dan Glamour 11,89ºBrix, sedangkan persentase jaring kulit melon genotipe MB1 lokasi Sumani adalah 86% dan Banyuwangi adalah 88,67% dengan tekstur jala halus, sedikit di bawah pembanding Tropika 89,5% dan Glamour 89%.

Kata kunci: Evaluasi; Lokasi; Calon varietas; Melon; TSS; Cucumis melo L.

ABSTRACT. The availability of new varieties of melon that suitable to the consumers demand will lead this commodity more marketable so that can increase farmers’ income. In general, expected characteristics of melon are sweet, crisp, strong-scented, rind nets, and long shelf-life. There are two candidates of melon hybrid that are being evaluated. The evaluation test of two candidates of melon varieties has been done in 2012. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the two candidates of new varieties (MB1 and MB2 genotype) in three planting locations and to obtain new candidate of melon varieties. The research was conducted in Sumani (Solok, West Sumatera), Subang (West Java), and Banyuwangi (East Java). A randomized block design was used in this experiment with four treatments [two hybrid melon candidates: 86H (MB1) and 78M (MB2)] and two other melon varieties (Tropika and Glamour) as comparator, and each treatment was replicated six times. Each experimental unit consisted of 30 plants. The result showed that there were interaction between location and genotypes on the weight and total soluble solid (TSS) characters. Fruit weight character and total soluble solid of 86H/MB1 genotype had regression coefficient (βi) > 1, it mean that genotype had below average stability, while 78M/MB2 genotype had regression coefficient (βi) < 1, that mean genotype above average stability. Based on test results in three locations obtained information accession with highest weight on the planting location in Banyuwangi namely genotype 86 H/MB1 2.35 kg, Tropika 2.68 kg, genotype 78M/MB2 2.05 kg and Glamour 2.21 kg. The highest TSS fruit on planting location Sumani namely genotype 86H/MB1 with TSSºBrix 12.47, Tropical 11.71ºBrix, genotype 78M/MB2 12.88ºBrix, and Glamour 11.89ºBrix. Furthermore, the net percentage of skin melon genotype MB1 on Sumani location is 86% and Banyuwangi is 88.67% with net texture

smooth, slightly below of varieties Tropika 89,5% and Glamor 89%.

Keywords: Evaluation; Location; The variety candidate; Melon; TSS; Cucumis melo L.

Peningkatan Produksi dan Mutu Benih Kubis Bunga Melalui Pemupukan Boron dan Penggunaan Naungan Plastik Transparan (Improving Cauliflower Seed Production and Quality Through the Use of Boron Fertilizer and Plastic Transparent Shade)

Bina Karo, Agustina Erlinda Marpaung, dan Diny Djuariah

Bala i Pene l i t i an Tanaman Sayu ran , J l n . Ta n g k u b a n P a r a h u N o . 5 1 7 , L e m b a n g , Bandung Barat, Jawa Barat, Indonesia 40391 E-mail : [email protected] J. Hort. Vol. 27, No. 2, Desember 2017, Halaman 195-200

ABSTRAK. Kubis bunga merupakan sayuran sehat yang banyak diminati konsumen. Dalam peningkatan produksi tanaman sayuran, khususnya kubis bunga yang perlu diperhatikan adalah kualitas benih. Oleh karena itu dilakukan kegiatan penelitian untuk menghasilkan benih kubis bunga yang bermutu. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui konsentrasi pupuk Boron yang tepat dan teknik penanaman untuk peningkatan perbenihan kubis bunga. Penelitian dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Berastagi mulai dari bulan Januari sampai Oktober 2014. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) pola faktorial dengan empat ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah dosis pupuk Boron (B0 = tanpa pupuk Boron, B1 = 5 kg/ha, B2 = 10 kg/ha, B3 = 15 kg/ha, B4 = 20 kg/ha, B5 = 25 kg/ha). Faktor kedua adalah teknik penanaman (N1 = tanpa naungan, N2 = menggunakan naungan). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian Boron 15 kg/ha dapat meningkatkan jumlah cabang, jumlah polong, jumlah dan bobot benih per tanaman, serta persentase benih tumbuh per tanaman pada perbenihan kubis bunga. Pemakaian naungan dapat meningkatkan jumlah tangkai, jumlah polong, jumlah dan bobot benih per tanaman pada perbenihan kubis bunga.

Kata kunci: Brassica oleracea var. Botrytis; Pupuk Boron; Naungan plastik transparan

ABSTRACT. Cauliflower is a nutritious vegetable that highly demanded by consumers. The yield of cauliflower is very much effected by the seedling quality. This justifies the importance of studying how

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to produce a good quality of cauliflower seedling. The objective of the study was to determine the exact concentration of Boron fertilizer and to identify the most appropriate planting technique in producing cauliflower seedlings. The study was conducted in Berastagi Experimental Garden from January to October 2014. A randomized complete block design (RBD) was used with four replications. The first factor was the dose of Boron fertilizer (B0 = without Boron fertilizer, B1 = 5 kg / ha, B2 = 10 kg / ha, B3 = 15 kg / ha, B4 = 20 kg / ha, B5 = 25 kg/ha). The second factor was planting techniques (N1 = without shade, N2 = with shade). The results suggest that the use of 15 kg/ha Boron increases the number of branches, number of pods, number of seeds and seed weight per plant, as well as percentage of seed emergence per plant. The use of shade also increases the number of branchs, number of pods, number of seeds, and seed weight per plant.

Keywords: Brassica oleracea var. Botrytis; Boron fertilizer; Transparent plastic shade

Peningkatan Produksi Benih Botani Bawang Merah (Al l ium cepa var. asca lon icum ) d i D a t a r a n R e n d a h S u b a n g M e l a l u i Aplikasi BAP dan Introduksi Apis cerana [Increasing True Shallot Seed Production (Allium cepa var. ascalonicum) in Lowland Area Through the Application of BAP and Introduction of Apis cerana]

Leli Kurniasari1), Endah Retno Palupi2), Yusdar Hilman3), dan Rini Rosliani4)

1)Program Studi Ilmu dan Teknologi Benih, Sekolah Pascasarjana Institut Pertanian Bogor, J l n . M e r a n t i , K a m p u s I P B D r a m a g a , B o g o r , J a w a B a r a t , I n d o n e s i a , 1 6 6 8 0 2)Depar temen Agronomi dan Hort ikul tura , Fakultas Pertanian, Institut Pertanian Bogor, J l n . M e r a n t i , K a m p u s I P B D r a m a g a , B o g o r , J a w a B a r a t , I n d o n e s i a , 1 6 6 8 0 3 )P u s a t P e n e l i t i a n d a n P e n g e m b a n g a n Hortikultura, J ln. Tentara Pelajar No. 3C, Kampus Pene l i t i an Pe r t an ian C imanggu , B o g o r , J a w a B a r a t , I n d o n e s i a 1 6 1 1 1 4)Ba la i Pene l i t i an Tanaman Sayuran , J ln . Ta n g k u b a n P a r a h u N o . 5 1 7 , L e m b a n g , Bandung Barat, Jawa Barat, Indonesia 40391 E-mail: [email protected]


ABSTRAK. Produksi benih botani bawang merah (true shallot seed/TSS) dapat ditingkatkan melalui peningkatan pembungaan dan intensitas penyerbukan.

Aplikasi BAP dapat meningkatkan pembungaan, sementara introduksi serangga penyerbuk dapat meningkatkan intensitas penyerbukan. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk meningkatkan produksi TSS di dataran rendah Subang (100 m dpl.). Penelitian dilaksanakan dari bulan Juni sampai November 2014. Penelitian terdiri atas dua tahap percobaan. Percobaan pertama disusun dalam rancangan petak terbagi dengan empat ulangan. Petak utama adalah waktu aplikasi BAP yang terdiri dari 1, 3, dan 5 minggu setelah tanam (MST) serta 2, 4, dan 6 MST. Anak petak adalah konsentrasi BAP yang terdiri dari 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, dan 250 ppm. Percobaan kedua dilakukan dengan membandingkan produksi TSS dari dua populasi yang diintroduksi serangga dan tanpa introduksi serangga. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi BAP pada 2, 4, dan 6 MST efektif meningkatkan persentase tanaman berbunga, jumlah bunga per umbel, jumlah kapsul per umbel, persentase pembentukan kapsul per umbel, dan bobot TSS per tanaman. Introduksi Apis cerana efektif meningkatkan jumlah kapsul bernas per tanaman, persentase pembentukan kapsul per tanaman, jumlah TSS per tanaman, persentase TSS bernas per tanaman, dan bobot TSS per tanaman, bobot 100 butir, dan daya berkecambah.

Kata kunci: Pembungaan; Pembentukan kapsul; Penyerbukan; Daya berkecambah; Indeks vigor

ABSTRACT. Production of true shallot seed (TSS) can be increased by enhancing flowering and intensifying the pollination. Application of BAP enhances flowering, whereas introduction of insect pollinator intensifies pollination. This research was aimed to increase TSS production in lowland area of Subang (100 m asl.) and was carried out from June until November 2014. The research consisted of two experiments. The first experiment was arranged in split plot design with four replications. The main plot was time of application of BAP i.e. 1, 3, and 5 week after planting (WAP) and 2, 4, and 6 WAP. The sub plot was consentration of BAP i.e. 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 ppm. The second experiment was comparing TSS production from two populations with and without installment of Apis cerana hive. The result showed that BAP applied on 2, 4, and 6 WAP effectively increased percentage of plant flowering, number of flower per umbel, number of capsules per umbel, percentage of fruitset, and TSS weight per plant. Introduction of Apis cerana have increased fruitset, percentages of filled TSS, number of TSS per umbel, and TSS weight per umbel as well as weight of 100 seed, and germination capacity. Keywords: Flowering; Fruitset; Pollination; Germination capacity; Vigor index

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Kelas Benih Kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) B e r d a s a r k a n P e r t u m b u h a n , P r o d u k s i , d a n M u t u P r o d u k [Seed Class Potatoes Based on Growth, Production, and Quality Products (Solanum tuberosum L.)]

Djoko Mulyono, M. Jawal Anwarudin Syah, Apri Laila Sayekti, dan Yusdar Hilman

P u s l i t b a n g H o r t i k u l t u r a , J l n . Te n t a r a Pelajar No. 3C, Kampus Penelitian Pertanian Cimanggu, Bogor, Jawa Barat, Indonesia 16111 E-mail : [email protected]


ABSTRAK. Sistem perbenihan kentang yang ada saat ini terdiri atas lima kelas benih, yaitu G0, G1, G2, G3, dan G4. Kelas benih G0 sampai G3 merupakan benih sumber, sedangkan kelas benih G4 merupakan benih sebar. Banyak penangkar, petani maupun stakeholder lainnya berpendapat bahwa proses produksi benih kentang dari kelas G0 sampai G3 cukup lama sehingga penyediaan benih untuk kentang konsumsi (G4) tidak dapat dilakukan secara cepat. Kegiatan penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat produktivitas kentang masing-masing kelas benih G0 sampai G4 agar dapat direkomendasikan sebagai kelas benih untuk kentang konsumsi. Penelitian dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Margahayu Balitsa Lembang dari bulan September sampai November 2012 menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan enam perlakuan, yaitu kelas benih (G0, G1, G2, G3, G4, dan kontrol) dan empat ulangan. Parameter yang diamati meliputi pertumbuhan tanaman, produksi, dan mutu produk. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kentang yang berasal dari kelas benih G3 menghasilkan produksi dan kelas umbi A dan B yang tertinggi sehingga cocok untuk benih sebar. Untuk peningkatan produksi ternyata kelas benih yang lebih tinggi (G0 dan G1) memiliki peningkatan produksi dan menghasilkan umbi kelas C dan D yang lebih tinggi daripada kelas benih di bawahnya sehingga cocok dikategorikan sebagai benih sumber.

Kata kunci: Kentang; Pertumbuhan; Produksi; Kelas benih

ABSTRACT. Potato seed systems that exist today consists of five seeds classes, namely G0, G1, G2, G3, and G4. G0 to G3 seed is the source seed, while classes G4 seed was extension seed. Many breeders, farmers and other stakeholders argue that the process of seed production from G0 to G3 class was too long so that the supply of potatoes seeds for consumption (G4) could not be carried out faster. Research was conducted to determine the level of productivity of each class of potato seed G0 to G4 to be recommended

as a seed class for potato consumption. The reseach was conducted at Margahayu Experimental Garden of Indonesian Vegetable Research Institute Lembang from September–November 2012 in randomized block design with six treatments : seed class (G0, G1, G2, G3, G4, and control) with four replications. The parameters observed were plant growth, production, and product quality. Hence, it can be concluded that potatoes derived from G3 class was quite suitable for extension seeds. The higher the seed class (G0 and G1) the higher the increasing rate and it produced higher number of C and D tuber grade.

Keywords: Potato; Growth; Production; Seed class

Bioakt iv i tas Enam Ekstrak Tumbuhan untuk Pengendalian Hama Tungau Kuning Cabai Polyphagotarsonemus latus Banks (Acari: Tarsonemidae) di Laboratorium (Bioactivity From Six Plants Extract to Control Chili Pepper Yellow Mites Polyphagotarsonemus latus Banks Under Laboratory Condition)

Ahsol Hasyim1), Wiwin Setiawati1), Luluk Sutji Marhaeni2), Liferdi Lukman3), dan Abdi Hudayya1)

1)Ba la i Penel i t i an Tanaman Sayuran , J ln . Ta n g k u b a n P a r a h u N o . 5 1 7 , L e m b a n g , Bandung Barat, Jawa Barat, Indonesia 40391 2)Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Borobudur Jakar ta , J ln . Cip inang Melayu , Makasar, Jakarta Timur, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia 13620 3)Balai Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian Jawa Barat, Jln. Kayuambon No. 80, Kotak Pos 8495, Lembang, Bandung Barat, Jawa Barat, Indonesia 40391 E-mail: [email protected]


ABSTRAK. Pada 3 tahun terakhir ini serangan tungau Polyphagotarsonemus latus pada berbagai jenis Capsicum di berbagai sentra produksi semakin meningkat dengan intensitas serangan di atas 30%. Dalam bidang pertanian, sekitar 15.416 ton pestisida telah digunakan untuk tujuan proteksi tanaman, yang setiap tahunnya meningkat sekitar 7%. Tindakan ini dapat mengakibatkan inefisiensi produksi dan dampak negatif terhadap hama target, ekosistem, konsumen, serta risiko residu pestisida dalam produk ekspor. Pengendalian OPT ramah lingkungan akhir-akhir ini dikembangkan dalam usaha tani cabai untuk menekan penggunaan insektisida sintetis. Pemanfaatan pestisida nabati merupakan salah satu pilihan untuk menekan serangan tungau cabai P. latus yang ramah lingkungan. Sebanyak enam jenis tanaman yang berbeda diuji aktivitasnya untuk mengendalikan tungau P. latus.

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Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi bioaktivitas ekstrak tanaman untuk pengendalian hama tungau kuning cabai di laboratorium. Penelitian dilaksanakan di laboratorium Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran, Lembang dari bulan Oktober 2015 sampai Januari 2016. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode residu pada daun (leaf disc method) modifikasi IRAC no. 4 untuk tungau dan metode dry film atau film kering untuk predator M. sexmaculatus. Data mortalitas tungau diolah menggunakan analisis probit untuk menetapkan nilai LC50 dan LT50. Mortalitas tungau yang disebabkan oleh bioakarisida tanaman dihitung pada 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 72 jam setelah perlakuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai LC50 bioakarisida yang berasal dari ekstrak akar tuba, huni, kirinyuh, widuri, ketapang dan gamal berturut-turut adalah 286,84; 370,57; 373,03; 477,92; 525,110; dan 650,44 ppm, sedangkan waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk mematikan 50% tungau dari ekstrak bioakasida tanaman berturut-turut adalah kirinyuh, akar tuba, huni, widuri, ketapang, dan gamal berturut-turut adalah 9,98; 9,99; 12,65; 20,01; 26,61; dan 42,77 jam. Hasil perhitungan nilai selectivity ratio (SR) menunjukkan bahwa semua jenis ekstrak tumbuhan sebagai bioakarisida yang diuji selektif terhadap predator M. sexmaculatus, hal ini disebabkan karena nilai SR <1. Kombinasi ekstrak bioakarisida tanaman selektif tersebut dengan pelepasan predator M. sexmaculatus merupakan komponen teknologi PHT yang dinilai efektif untuk mengendalikan hama tungau pada tanaman cabai. Untuk memantapkan hasil penelitian diperlukan uji lanjut di lapangan

Kata kunci: Bioakarisida; Ekstrak; Pengendalian; Tungau; Musuh alami ABSTRACT. In the last 3 years P. latus severity on various types of Capsicum in some central production increased with the intensity above 30%. In agriculture, around 15,416 tonnes of pesticides have been used for plant protection purposes, which annually increased about 7%. This act can resulting inefficiency of production and the negative impact on the target pest, ecosystem, consumers, and the risk of pesticide residues in exported products . In the recent years, environmentally –friendly pest management is established to reduce the use of synthetic pesticides. Utilization of botanical pesticides is one option for environmentally friendly to suppress the attack of chili mite P. latus. Plants extracts of from six plant species were screened for contact toxicity and antifeedant activities against mite, P. latus . This study aims to determine the effectiveness of some plant extracts as bioacaricide for pest mite P. latus on chili plants. The experiments were conducted at the Laboratory of Pests and Diseases, Indonesian Vegetables Research, Lembang, West Java Province from October 2015 until

January 2016. A modified leaf disc method describes by IRAC no. 4 was used for mites and for dry film method for or predators of M. sexmaculatus. Mite mortality was observed at 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 72 hour after treatment. The mortality of mite data was analyzed using probit to determine the LC50 and LT50 values. The result shows that LC50 obtained from plant bioacaricide of tuba root, kirinyuh, huni, widuri, ketapang, and gamal were 286.84, 370.57, 373.03, 477.92, 525.110 and 650.44 ppm respectively. Whereas LT50 obtained from plant bioacariside of kirinyuh, tuba root, huni, widuri, ketapang and gamal were 9.98, 9.99, 12.65, 20.01, 26.61, and 42.77 hours respectively. The results of the calculation of the value of selectivity ratio (SR) shows that all plant extracts tested as bioacaricide were selective against predators M. sexmaculatus due to the value of SR <1. The combination of extract bioacaricide selective with inundative release of M. sexmaculatus adult to achieve sound of IPM mite in chili pepper. A field trial is still needed to confirm result of this study.

Keywords: Bioacaricide; Extract; Plant; Controlling; Mite; Natural enemies

Perkembangan Penyakit Diplodia pada Tiga Isolat Botryodiplodia theobromae Path dan Peran Toksin Dalam Menekan Penyakit pada Jeruk (Citrus spp.) [Diplodia Disease Development and Toxin of Three Isolates Botryodiplodia theobromae Path. on Citrus (Citrus spp.)]

Mutia Erti Dwiastuti1), Gusti Ngurah Ketut Budiarta2), dan Loekas Soesanto3)

1)Balai Penelitian Tanaman Jeruk dan Buah Subtropika, Jln. Raya Tlekung No. 1, Junrejo, Batu, Jawa Timur, Indonesia 653012) Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Brawijaya, Jln. Raya Mayjen Haryono, Malang, Jawa Timur, Indonesia 651453) Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Jln. Dr. Soeparno No. 61, Purwokerto, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia 53123E-mail: [email protected]


ABSTRAK. Penyakit diplodia (Botryodiplodia theobromae) pada tanaman jeruk menyebar cukup luas di sentra jeruk Indonesia. Serangan parah penyakit dapat menyebabkan kematian apabila tidak dikendalikan. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui patogenisitas dan peran toksin dari tiga isolat B. theobromae asal Pasuruan dan Magetan pada jeruk siam, pamelo, dan manis. Penelitian dilakukan di

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Laboratorium dan Rumah Kasa Balai Penelitian Tanaman Jeruk dan Buah Subtropika pada bulan November 2015 – Mei 2016. Penelitian terdiri atas dua percobaan, yaitu uji patogenisitas pada tanaman dan uji toksin kasar pada skala laboratorium. Uji patogenisitas menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan sembilan kombinasi perlakuan terdiri atas tiga jenis isolat, yaitu Mg52A.1, dan Mg39.2 (asal Magetan), Ps8b (asal Pasuruan), serta tiga jenis tanaman jeruk (pamelo, siam, manis). Parameter pengamatan terdiri atas masa inkubasi, jumlah sampel nekrosis, dan luas gejala. Perlakuan pengujian toksin terdiri atas kontrol tanpa toksin, toksin kasar isolat Mg52A.1, toksin kasar isolat Mg39.2, dan toksin kasar isolat Ps8b. Aplikasi toksin dilakukan pada daun tiga varietas jeruk dengan rancangan acak lengkap, tiap perlakuan diulang tiga kali dan masing masing terdiri atas dua daun asal tanaman yang berbeda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa masa inkubasi isolat Mg39.2 lebih cepat dibandingkan dengan isolat Mg52A.1 dan Ps8b. Ketiga isolat patogen B. theobromae asal Pasuruan dan Magetan memiliki patogenisitas yang sama dalam menimbulkan gejala penyakit pada jeruk pamelo, siam, dan manis, sedangkan toksin hanya berperan dalam mempercepat masa inkubasi.

Kata kunci: Jeruk; Patogenisitas; Botryodiplodia theobromae; Toksin kasar

ABSTRACT. Diplodia disease (Botryodiplodia theobromae) spread quite widely in Indonesia citrus center. Severe attacks of disease can cause death if it not controlled. The purpose of this study was determine the pathogenicity and the effect of toxins from three isolates of B. theobromae origin Pasuruan and Magetan on tangerine, pummelo, and sweet orange varieties. The study was conducted at Indonesian Citrus and Subtropical Research Institute during November 2015 – May 2016. This observation consisted of two experiments that pathogenicity test in screenhouse and crude toxin of patogen test in laboratory. Pathogenicity test used randomized block design arranged as factorial. The first factor was three isolates: Mg52A.1, Mg39.2 (from Magetan), Ps8b (from Pasuruan) and the second factor were kind of citrus (pummelo, tangerine , and sweet orange). The observation parameter consist of the incubation period, the number of necrotic samples and visual symptom. Crude toxin test treatment consists of a control test toxin without toxins, crude toxin Mg52A.1, crude toxin Mg39.2 toxin, crude toxin Ps8b. Application toxin carried out on the three leaf varieties of oranges. Each treatment was repeated three times and each consists of two leaves of different varieties. The results showed that the incubation period Mg39.2 isolates faster than two other isolates. Infection with different isolates and treatment of different citrus

varieties shows that it did not different significantly in causing disease symptom of diplodia. Similarly result on crude toxin treatment with three isolates on three varieties showed that it were not different necrotic symptom. Thus the three isolates of pathogens B.theobromae origin from Pasuruan and Magetan have the same pathogenicity in causing disease symptoms in citrus pummelo, tangerine, and sweet orange. Toxin only play a role in accelerating the incubation period.

Keywords : Citrus; Pathogenicity; Botryodiplodia theobromae; Crude toxin

Pengaruh Ozonisasi dan Kemasan untuk Mereduksi Residu Pestisida dan Mempertahankan Karakteristik Kesegaran Cabai Merah dalam Penyimpanan (The Effect of Ozone and Packaging in Storage for Decreasing in Pesticide Residue and Keeping the Freshness of Red Chili Characteristic)

Ali Asgar, Darkam Musaddad, dan Rahmat Sutarya Ba l a i Pene l i t i an Tanaman Sayu ran , J l n . Ta n g k u b a n P a r a h u N o . 5 1 7 L e m b a n g , Bandung Barat, Jawa Barat, Indonesia 40391 E-mail : [email protected]


ABSTRAK. Pestisida merupakan suatu substansi bahan kimia dan material lain (mikrob, virus, dan lain-lain) yang tujuan penggunaannya untuk mengontrol atau mengendalikan hama/penyakit yang menyerang tanaman, bagian tanaman, dan produk pertanian, membasmi rumput/gulma, mengatur dan menstimulasi pertumbuhan tanaman/bagian tanaman, namun bukan penyubur. Hampir semua sampel yang diuji positif mengandung residu pestisida walaupun kadarnya di bawah ambang batas yang diizinkan. Penelitian bertujuan (1) mengetahui pengaruh ozonisasi terhadap karakteristik kesegaran cabai merah dan reduksi residu pestisida selama penyimpanan pada suhu kamar dan (2) mengetahui pengaruh suhu dan jenis pengemas terhadap kualitas cabai merah vatietas Tit Segitiga selama penyimpanan. Penelitian dilakukan dari bulan Januari sampai dengan Desember 2013 di Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran, Lembang. Penelitian pendahuluan dilakukan terhadap konsentrasi gas ozon yang terdiri atas (1) 0,0 ppm (kontrol tanpa perendaman), (2) 0,0 ppm (perendaman dalam air tanpa ozon), (3) 0,2 ppm, (4) 0,4 ppm, (5) 0,6 ppm, (6) 0,8 ppm, dan (7) 1 ppm. Penelitian utama dilakukan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok pola petak terpisah dengan dua ulangan. Sebagai petak utama, yaitu suhu terdiri atas (1) 5°C, (2) 10°C, (3) 15°C, dan (4) suhu kamar. Sebagai anak petak, yaitu pengemas

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terdiri atas (1) polipropilen (PP 0,03 mm), (2) polietilen (PE 0,03 mm), (3) wrapping plastic, dan (4) kontrol (tanpa pengemas). Hasil pendahuluan menunjukkan bahwa kesegaran dan penampakan cabai merah dengan perlakuan larutan ozon 0,4 ppm merupakan perlakuan terbaik dan disukai panelis. Dengan perlakuan larutan ozon 0,4 ppm, cabai merah mempunyai residu pestisida profenofos 1,1504 ppm (terjadi penurunan 35,9073%), klorfirifos 0,1519 ppm (terjadi penurunan 23,2441%), TPC (jumlah total mikrob) 31,25 x 105 cfu/ml, susut bobot 15,50%, kadar air 85,53%, warna (nilai L*) 30,52. Hasil penelitian utama menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan yang terbaik selama penyimpanan minggu keempat, yaitu suhu penyimpanan 5ºC dengan macam kemasan polietilen (PE) dan wrapping plastic.

Kata kunci: Cabai merah; Ozon; Pengemasan; Pendinginan

ABSTRACT. Pesticide is a chemical substance and other materials (microbes, viruses, etc.) which are intended to control pests or diseases that attack plants, plant parts and agricultural products, eradicate the grass/weeds, regulate and stimulate plant growth or parts of the plant, but not the fertilizer. Almost all of the samples that tested positive for pesticide residues even though the levels were below the allowed threshold. Research aims were (1) to determine the effect of ozonation on the characteristics of red chili freshness and reduction of pesticide residues during storage at room temperature and (2) to determine the effect of temperature and packaging on the quality of red chili during storage. The study was conducted from January–December 2013 at The Research Institute of Vegetable. Preliminary research conducted on the concentration of ozone which consists of (1) 0.0 ppm (control without soaking), (2) 0.0 ppm (immersion in water without ozone), (3) 0.2 ppm, (4) 0.4 ppm , (5) 0.6 ppm, (6) 0.8 ppm, and (7) 1 ppm. Primary research conducted using randomized block split plot with repeated patterns as much as two times. Temperature as the main plot which consists of (1) 5° C, (2) 10° C, (3) 15° C, and (4) room temperature. The subplot is packaging which consists of (1) polypropylene (PP 0.03 mm, (2) polyethyelene (PE 0.03 mm), (3) wrapping plastic, and (4) control (without packaging). Preliminary results show that the freshness and appearance of red chili with 0.4 ppm ozone treatment was the best treatment and preferred by panelists. Treatment with a solution of 0.4 ppm ozone, the red chili have pesticide residue of profenofos 1.1504 ppm (decrease as much as 35,9073%), 0.1519 ppm klorfirifos (decrease as much as 23,2441%), TPC (total number of microbes) 31.25 x 105 cfu/ml, 15.50% weight loss, levels of 85.53% water content, color (L* value) 30.52. The main research results showed that the best treatment for 4 weeks of storage is the storage

temperature of 5 º C with wide packaging polyethylene (PE) and wrapping plastic. Keywords: Red chili; Ozon; Packaging; Cooling

Keefektifan Bahan Pencuci dan Pencegah Penyakit Terhadap Kualitas Buah Mangga c v . G e d o n g G i n c u d a n A r u m a n i s (The Effectiveness of Washing Materials and Disease Protecting Agent on the Quality of Mango Fruit cv. Gedong Gincu and Arumanis)

Ahmad Sutopo1), Roedhy Poerwanto1), dan Suryo Wiyono2)

1)Depar temen Agronomi dan Hort ikul tura , Fakultas Pertanian, Institut Pertanian Bogor J l n . M e r a n t i , K a m p u s I P B D r a m a g a , B o g o r , J a w a B a r a t , I n d o n e s i a 1 6 6 8 0 2)Depar temen Proteks i Tanaman, Fakul tas P e r t a n i a n , I n s t i t u t P e r t a n i a n B o g o r J l n . K a m p e r , K a m p u s I P B D r a m a g a , B o g o r , J a w a B a r a t , I n d o n e s i a 1 6 6 8 0 E-mail: [email protected]


ABSTRAK. Mangga merupakan salah satu komoditas buah tropis di Indonesia yang mempunyai peluang besar untuk pasar domestik dan juga ekspor. Namun, kualitas buah mangga masih memiliki banyak permasalahan. Salah satunya adalah getah yang mengotori kulit buah mangga. Pada saat tangkai buah mangga rusak, getah menyebar pada kulit buah yang menyebabkan kerusakan kulit dan serangan penyakit. Penelitian bertujuan mendapatkan bahan pencuci dan pencegah penyakit yang efektif terhadap kualitas buah mangga cv. Gedong Gincu dan Arumanis. Buah mangga dipanen di kebun petani di Cirebon, Jawa Barat dan Probolinggo, Jawa Timur. Pengamatan dilakukan di Laboratorium Pascapanen Institut Pertanian Bogor pada bulan November 2013 sampai Januari 2014. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap nonfaktorial yang terdiri atas sembilan perlakuan, yaitu air (kontrol) (P0T0), air (kontrol) + fungisida (P0T1), air (kontrol) + khamir Cryptococcus albidus dengan konsentrasi 5 x 104 sel/ml (P0T2), deterjen 1% + air (kontrol) (P1T0), deterjen 1% + fungisida (P1T1), deterjen 1% + khamir C. albidus (P1T2), deterjen 1% + Ca(OH)2 0,5% + air (kontrol) (P2T0), deterjen 1% + Ca(OH)2 0,5% + fungisida (P2T1), dan deterjen 1% + Ca(OH)2 0,5% + khamir C. albidus (P2T2). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa deterjen 1% + Ca(OH)2 0,5% + khamir C. albidus 5 x 104 sel/ml, dan deterjen 1% + Ca(OH)2 0,5% + fungisida 0,025% yang paling efektif menghilangkan getah,

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mengurangi luka bakar, bintik lentisel, mencegah terjadinya kerusakan penyakit antraknosa dan busuk pangkal buah dibandingkan dengan perlakuan kontrol pada kultivar Gedong Gincu dan Arumanis.

Kata kunci: Antraknosa; Busuk pangkal buah; Getah; Luka bakar; Khamir

ABSTRACT. Mango is one of the commodity of tropical fruit in Indonesia which has a great opportunities for domestic market and also export. However, quality of mango still has many problems in Indonesia. One of them is the sap contaminating the skin of mango fruit. When the stem of mango fruit is broken, the sap oozes out spreading over the fruit skin causes serious skin damages and attack of disease. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of washing materials and disease protecting agent on the quality of mango fruit cv. Gedong Gincu and Arumanis. Mango fruit was harvested in farmer garden in Cirebon, West Java and Probolinggo, East Java and observation was conducted in Postharvest Laboratory of Bogor Agricultural University in November 2013 to January 2014. The experiment was designed in a completely randomized design nonfactorial that consist of nine treatments: water (control) (P0T0), water (control) + fungicide (P0T1), water (control) + yeast Cryptococcus albidus with concentration 5 g/liter 5 x 104 cell/ml (P0T2), detergent 1% + water (control) (P1T0), detergent 1% + fungicide (P1T2), detergent 1% + yeast C. albidus (P1T0), detergent 1% + Ca(OH)2 0.5% + water (control) (P2T0), detergent 1% + Ca(OH)2 0.5% + fungicide (P2T1), and detergent 1% + Ca(OH)2 0.5% + yeast C. albidus (P2T1).The result showed that the treatment of detergent 1% + Ca(OH)2 0.5% + yeast C. albidus and detergent 1% + Ca(OH)2 0.5% + fungicides 0.025 was effective to removing of sap, less of sap burn injury, lenticel spoting, protecting agent of anthracnose disease and stem end rot as compared to control on mango fruit cv. Gedong Gincu and Arumanis.

Keywords : Anthracnose; Stem end rot; Sap; Sapburn; Yeast

Studi Adopsi Varietas Bawang Merah Bima Brebes d a r i B a l i t s a d i K a b u p a t e n B r e b e s (Adoption Study of Bima Brebes Shallot from IVEGRI in Brebes District)

Rofik Sinung Basuki1), Nur Khaririyatun1), Asma Sembiring1), dan Idha Widi Arsanti2)

1)Ba la i Penel i t i an Tanaman Sayuran , J ln . Ta n g k u b a n P a r a h u N o . 5 1 7 , L e m b a n g , Bandung Barat, Jawa Barat, Indonesia 40391

2 )P u s a t P e n e l i t i a n d a n P e n g e m b a n g a n Hortikultura, J ln. Tentara Pelajar No. 3C, Kampus Penelitian Pertanian Cimanggu, Bogor, Jawa Barat, Indonesia 16111E-mail: [email protected]

J. Hort. Vol. 27, No. 2, Desember 2017, Halaman 261-268 ABSTRAK. Kontribusi Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran (Balitsa) sebagai institusi pemerintah penghasil teknologi baru, termasuk varietas baru untuk meningkatkan pendapatan petani masih belum diperoleh informasi secara lengkap. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui tingkat adopsi dan kontribusi varietas bawang merah Bima Brebes asal Balitsa dalam meningkatkan pendapatan petani adopter, serta mengetahui tingkat pengembalian investasi rate of investment (ROI ) biaya penelitian dan pengembangan teknologi bawang merah Bima Brebes pada bulan Juni–Desember 2014 di Desa Wanasari, Tanjung, Kemukten, dan Limbangan, Kabupaten Brebes. Lokasi-lokasi tersebut dipilih secara purposive karena dari observasi lapangan diketahui bahwa para petani di lokasi-lokasi tersebut diketahui telah mengadopsi teknologi dan varietas unggul dari Balitsa. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui Fokus Grup Diskusi (FGD) dan wawancara individual dengan kuesioner terstruktur. Pemilihan responden dilakukan secara purposive yang terdiri atas 16 petani penanam bawang merah varietas Bima Brebes (adopter) dan 21 petani penanam varietas Bima Curut (nonadopter). Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan statistik deskriptif, menggunakan gambar garis waktu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa teknologi benih bawang merah varietas Bima telah didiseminasikan di Brebes sejak tahun 1985 dan hingga saat ini diadopsi cukup luas di Kabupaten Brebes dengan sebaran adopsi kurang lebih 16.522 ha. Pada tahun 2013, adopsi varietas Bima Brebes di Kabupaten Brebes dapat meningkatkan pendapatan bersih total adopter sebesar 345,050 milyar rupiah dengan ROI biaya penelitian dan diseminasi sebesar 71,125%.

Kata kunci : Bawang merah; Varietas Bima Brebes; Tingkat adopsi; Profit; ROI

ABSTRACT. Contribution of Indonesian Vegetable Research Institute (IVEGRI) as an institution who produces new technologies, including new varieties, on the improvement of farmers’ income has not been got completed information yet. The objectives of the research were to figure out the level of adoption and contribution of Bima Brebes shallot variety from IVEGRI in increasing adopter farmers’ profit, as well as to figure out the return on investment (ROI) of research and dissemination of Bima Brebes shallot. This expost

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evaluation research was conducted in June–December 2014 in Wanasari Village, Tanjung, Kemukten, and Limbangan, Brebes District. The location was chosen purposively because in the area there were a quite lot of farmers who adopted Bima Brebes shallot variety. Data were collected through Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and an individual interview used structured questionnaire. The respondents consisted of 16 Bima Brebes adopter shallot farmers and 21 nonadopters shallot farmers who planting Bima Curut variety. Data were analysed using descriptive statistic with time line picture. The result of study showed that the technology of Bima Brebes variety from IVEGRI has been disseminated since 1985 in Brebes District and currently, it has been adopting quiet large as well. The spreading adoption is about 16,522 ha. In 2013, the adoption of Bima Brebes in Brebes District could increase adopters’ profit as much as 345.050 billions rupiah with ROI of research and dissemination of the variety was 71.125%.

Keyword: Shallot; Bima Brebes variety; Rate of adoption; Profit; ROI

Anal is i s Rantai Ni la i Komoditas Kubis ( B r a s s i c a o l e r a c e a L ) : S t u d i K a s u s d i S e n t r a P r o d u k s i K a b u p a t e n K a r o ( Va l u e C h a i n A n a l y s i s o f C a b b a g e s : Case Study in Karo District Production Centre)

Idha Widi Arsanti, Apri Laila Sayekti, dan Adhitya Marendra Kiloes

Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hortikultura, Jln. Tentara Pelajar No. 3C, Bogor, Jawa Barat, Indonesia 16111 E-mail: [email protected]


ABSTRAK. Kabupaten Karo, Sumatera Utara merupakan sentra produksi kubis yang berkontribusi memberikan devisa negara melalui ekspor. Di samping itu, kubis dari Kabupaten Karo memiliki keunggulan dalam karakteristik produknya dibandingkan dari negara lain. Namun demikian, arti penting kubis sebagai penyumbang nilai devisa belum diikuti dengan perlakuan produksi, panen, pascapanen, dan pemasaran yang memenuhi standar ekspor. Pelaku agribisnis di dalam rantai pasar kubis semakin banyak, di mana awalnya petani menjual ke pedagang pengumpul, pedagang besar, dan langsung ke eksportir, namun sekarang terdapat pelaku baru seperti pedagang pengumpul desa, pedagang pengumpul kecamatan, kemudian kubis dijual ke pedagang besar. Hal ini memungkinkan terjadinya inefisiensi margin

pemasaran di sepanjang alur pemasaran. Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut, perlu dilakukan analisis rantai nilai komoditas kubis Kabupaten Karo untuk melihat keuntungan yang diperoleh setiap pelaku agribisnis kubis. Lebih lanjut dapat diberikan rekomendasi kebijakan untuk meningkatkan efisiensi dan keefektifan rantai pemasaran kubis di Kabupaten Karo. Penelitian dilakukan di Kabupaten Karo melalui wawancara langsung kepada pelaku agribisnis kubis pada tahun 2012. Pemilihan sample dilakukan secara purposive dengan pertimbangan bahwa jumlah pelaku agribisnis kubis tidak terlalu banyak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekspor kubis mengalami penurunan dari tahun ke tahun, karena lahan pertanian kubis yang semakin sempit. Kubis dengan nilai R/C yang tinggi menunjukkan tingkat keuntungan yang cukup besar. Dalam rantai pemasaran kubis, petani menerima pangsa yang cukup besar, sementara eksportir dengan kapasitas usaha yang besar juga menerima pendapatan yang seimbang. Sebagai implikasi kebijakan, pemerintah dapat memberikan dukungan dalam peningkatan ekspor berupa diseminasi teknologi budidaya untuk meningkatkan produksi serta fasilitasi ekspor baik sarana maupun prasarana pengangkutan dari lahan usahatani hingga pasar ekspor, perijinan ekspor serta bongkar muat di pelabuhan.

Kata kunci: Kubis; Rantai nilai; Ekspor

ABSTRACT. Karo District, North Sumatera is a production center of cabbages which provides significant contribution of foreign exchange. Moreover, cabbages in Karo have many advantages compare to cabbages from other countries. Nevertheless, these important roles of cabbages have not been followed by standardized exported treatments, not only the production, harvest, postharvest but also the marketing treatment. Agribusiness of cabbages also show inefficiency of the marketing margin. Based on these problems, it is necessary to analyze the value chain of cabbages in Karo, to see the benefit received by each person in agribusiness system. Further, policy recommendations can be given to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of cabbage supply chain in Karo District. This research was conducted through interviews people who in charge in cabbage agribusiness in 2012. The purposive sample was done considering that the number people in cabbage agribusiness were not too much. The results showed that cabbage exports, in term of value, decreased from year to year, particularly due to limited land. R/C analysis showed the high level of profit. In this cabbage supply chain, farmers receive considerable share, while the exporters with large business capacity also received a higher income. In order to increase production and export of cabbages, it is recommended that government supports several

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itu, untuk opsi-opsi lain, misalnya mencari informasi lengkap tentang perubahan iklim dan lebih giat untuk mendapatkan pekerjaan paruh waktu di luar pertanian, dipersepsi beragam antarpola musim. Keberagaman persepsi antarpola musim pada dasarnya menunjukkan pengaruh spesifik lokasi usahatani. Analisis selanjutnya menunjukkan bahwa faktor pendidikan, usia, dan luas lahan garapan sangat berpengaruh terhadap pengambilan keputusan petani untuk melaksanakan/tidak melaksanakan opsi adaptasi. Sementara itu, tiga faktor sikap yang pengaruhnya paling dominan adalah sikap berkaitan dengan pengaruh terhadap penurunan kualitas hidup, sikap berkaitan dengan perlunya perhatian lebih terhadap perubahan iklim, dan sikap berkaitan dengan kapasitas adaptasi petani. Sebagian besar petani secara konsisten mempersepsi tiga hal yang berdasarkan urutan kepentingannya menjadi kendala utama adaptasi, yaitu perhatian dan kebijakan pemerintah yang masih lemah, harga sarana/input produksi yang mahal, dan tidak tersedia teknologi budidaya yang dirancang untuk beradaptasi terhadap perubahan iklim. Upaya sosialisasi/kampanye yang bersifat informatif dan edukatif perlu terus dilakukan untuk mengembangkan strategi pengelolaan risiko iklim dan meningkatkan keterampilan serta pengetahuan petani agar dapat menghadapi variabilitas dan perubahan iklim secara lebih baik.

Kata kunci: Persepsi; Opsi adaptasi; Perubahan iklim; Sayuran; Pola musim

ABSTRACT. Climate change in Indonesia in the next medium-term will become a serious threat to food security. A survey was carried out in lowland and highland vegetable production centers of South Sulawesi (covering three season patterns: west, transition, and east) in June-August 2012. In each eco-system, 110 respondents were randomly selected and in total 220 respondents participated in the survey. Data were gathered through interviews by using a structured questionnaire. The study was aimed at assessing actual adaptation to climate change at the farmers’ level and identifying constraining factors to the adoption of adaptation options. Results shows that 30 out of 36 listed options, such as conserving the use of water, the use of pest/disease resistant varieties, etc., are potential/relevant adaptation options as perceived by most respondents. Meanwhile, in different season pattern, farmers’ perceptions vary regarding for instance the use of cover crop, the use of varieties tolerant to salinity, etc. Most farmers in all season patterns claim that they have implemented some adaptation options, such as planting early in the beginning of rainy season, the use of crop rotation system, etc. However, farmers’ perceptions vary regarding the use of cover crop, the use of varieties tolerant to salinity, etc. Majority of respondents

programs such as increase innovation technologies dissemination, improve infrastructures for export as well as develop the simple administration process.

Keywords: Cabbages; Value chain; Export

Persepsi dan Adaptasi Petani Sayuran Terhadap P e r u b a h a n I k l i m d i S u l a w e s i S e l a t a n (Vegetable Farmers’ Perception on Adaptation to Climate Change in Lowland and Highland Areas of South Sulawesi)

Witono Adiyoga1) dan Liferdi Lukman2)

1)Ba la i Penel i t i an Tanaman Sayuran , J ln . Ta n g k u b a n P a r a h u N o . 5 1 7 L e m b a n g , Bandung Barat, Jawa Barat, Indonesia 40391 2)Balai Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian Jawa Barat, Jln. Kayuambon No. 80, Kotak Pos 8495, Lembang, Bandung Barat, Jawa Barat, Indonesia 40391 E - m a i l : a d i y o g a w i t o n o @ g m a i l . c o m


ABSTRAK. Perubahan iklim di Indonesia dalam jangka menengah ke depan akan menjadi ancaman serius bagi ketahanan pangan. Penelitian survey dilaksanakan di ekosistem dataran tinggi dan rendah Sulawesi Selatan (mencakup tiga pola musim yaitu sektor barat, peralihan, dan timur) pada bulan Juni-Agustus 2012. Pada setiap ekosistem, 110 petani dipilih secara acak, sehingga total responden adalah 220 petani sayuran. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara menggunakan kuesioner terstruktur. Penelitian ini diarahkan untuk mempelajari adaptasi aktual yang dilakukan pada tingkat usahatani, serta mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang menjadi kendala adaptasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 36 opsi adaptasi yang ditawarkan, mayoritas responden mempersepsi 30 opsi (misalnya, penghematan penggunaan air, penggunaan varietas tahan hama penyakit, dsb.) sebagai cara adaptasi yang potensial atau relevan untuk dilaksanakan di semua pola musim. Sementara itu, opsi-opsi yang dipersepsi beragam (relevan/tidak relevan) oleh responden di pola-pola musim yang berbeda di antaranya adalah penggunaan tanaman penutup, penggunaan varietas tanaman toleran salinitas, dsb. Opsi-opsi adaptasi (misalnya, penanaman pada awal musim hujan, penerapan rotasi tanaman, dsb.) diklaim telah dilaksanakan oleh proporsi responden yang lebih tinggi secara konsisten pada semua pola musim. Opsi-opsi lainnya (misalnya, penggunaan tanaman penutup, penggunaan varietas toleran salinitas, dsb.) dipersepsi secara beragam. Mayoritas petani responden mempersepsi perlunya dukungan teknologi untuk opsi-opsi, misalnya penerapan pengolahan tanah minimum, penggunaan pestisida hayati, dsb. Sementara

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pengendalian hama terpadu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan indikator pengelolaan usahatani tanaman sayuran berkelanjutan dan menganalisis nilai indeks keberlanjutan pengelolaan usahatani berbasis pengendalian hama terpadu. Penelitian dilaksanakan dari bulan Maret sampai Oktober 2015 di Kabupaten Tanggamus, Provinsi Lampung. Metode penelitian menggunakan analisis multi dimensional scaling (MDS), leverage analysis, analisis Monte Carlo dengan teknik rapid appraisal for integrated pest management (Rap IPM) yang hasilnya dinyatakan dalam bentuk nilai indeks dan status keberlanjutan. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 60 atribut yang di antaranya terdapat 20 faktor pengungkit atau atribut yang sensitif terhadap nilai indeks dan status keberlanjutan. Indeks keberlanjutan usahatani tanaman sayuran berbasis PHT di Kabupaten Tanggamus termasuk kriteria kurang berkelanjutan, dengan indeks gabungan sebesar 48,13. Indeks keberlanjutan yang paling tinggi adalah dimensi sosial dan ekonomi masing-masing sebesar 60,90 dan 51,39 termasuk kriteria cukup berkelanjutan, sedangkan dimensi ekologi, teknologi, dan kelembagaan masing-masing sebesar 48,54; 38,36; dan 40,61 termasuk kriteria kurang berkelanjutan.

Kata kunci: Multi dimensional scaling (MDS); Hama; Penyakit; Rap IPM

ABSTRACT. The yield of vegetable is at risk due to the incidence of pests and pathogens. It was related to good agricultural practices and integrated pest management. The purposes of this research were to identify indicators of sustainable vegetables farm and to analyze index sustainability of vegetable farm based on integrated pest management. The research was conducted from March to October 2015 in Tanggamus District, Lampung Province. This research applied multi dimensional scaling (MDS), leverage analysis, and Monte Carlo analysis by rapid appraisal for integrated pest management (Rap IPM). Research showed that among 60 indicators analyzed there were 20 sensitive indicators that affected sustainability index and status. Sustainability index in Tanggamus District were dimension of social and economy obtained value 60.90 and 51.39, it was categorized as sufficiently sustainable, while sustainability index of ecology, technology, and institution dimensions were 48.54, 38.36, and 40.61 respectively, which were considered as less sustainable.

Keywords: Multi dimensional scaling (MDS); Pest; Disease; Rap IPM

perceive the need of technological supports for some options, such as the use of minimum tillage, the use of natural or bio pesticide, etc. In the meantime, among different season patterns, farmers’ perceptions vary regarding the option of looking for complete climate change information, looking for off-farm part-time jobs, etc. Farmers’ perceptions that vary are actually reflecting their response to different farm location specifity. Further analysis suggests that respondents’ education, age, and land size significantly affect farmers’ decision whether implementing a particular adaptation option or not. Three attitude factors that also show significant influence are attitude towards impact on decreasing quality of life, attitude towards the need for more attention to climate change, and attitude towards farmers’ adaptive capacity. Based on rank of importance, the three main contraints of adaptation are low attention and weak government policies regarding climate change problems, expensive price of production inputs and unavailability of specific technologies designed to adapt to climate change. Informative and educational campaign should be continuously carried out to develop climate risk management strategy and improve farmers’ skill and knowledge to better coping with climate variability and climate change

Keywords: Perception; Adaptation options; Climate change; Vegetable; Season pattern

Analisis Berkelanjutan Usahatani Tanaman Sayuran Berbasis Pengendalian Hama Terpadu di Kabupaten Tanggamus Provinsi Lampung (Analysis of Sustainability Status of Vegetable Farm Based on Integrated Pest Management at Tanggamus District Lampung Province)

Sudiono1), Surjono Hadi Sutjahjo2), Nurheni Wijayanto2), Purnama Hidayat2), dan Rachman Kurniawan2)

1) Program Doktor PSL IPB, Jln. Raya Pajajaran Baranangsiang, Bogor, Jawa Barat, Indonesia 16151 2) SPS IPB, Kampus Dramaga IPB, Bogor, Jawa Barat, Indonesia 16680 E-mail: [email protected]


ABSTRAK. Produktivitas usahatani sayuran menghadapi kendala produksi akibat gangguan organisme pengganggu tanaman, hal tersebut dapat diselesaikan melalui praktek pertanian yang baik dan

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Indeks Kumulatif Volume 27 No.1 – 2Tahun 2017

Indeks Kumulatif (Cumulative Index) Volume 27 No. 1 – 2 Tahun 2017

Indeks Penulis (Author Index)

Abdi Hudayya � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):217Adhitya Marendra Kiloes � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):269Agustina Erlinda Marpaung � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 27(1):45; 195Ahmad Sutopo � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �2(2):253Ahsol Hasyim � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):217Ali Asgar � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1): 127; 27(2): 241Ana Feronika Cindra Irawati � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):105Apri Laila Sayekti � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 27(2):209; 269Arifah Rahayu � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):11Asma Sembiring � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):261Bambang Sapto Purwoko � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):11Bina Karo � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 27(1):45; 27(2): 195Darkam Musaddad � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):241Diny Djuariah � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 27(1):1; 27(2): 147; 195Dita Agisimanto � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):165Djoko Mulyono � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):209Eli Korlina � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):55Endah Retno Palupi � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):201Eri Sofiari � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):1Erniawati Diningsih � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):95Fajrianti Anandya Habibah � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):79Farida Yulianti � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):165Gede Suastika � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):95Gina Aliya Sopha � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 27(1):23; 35Gusti Ngurah Ketut Budiarta � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):231Hardiyanto � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 27(2):155; 173Hendri � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):185Hidayatul Arisah � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):165Idha Widi Arsanti � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 27(2):261; 269Imam Firmansyah � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):69Imam Sutrisno � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):55Indriana Ratna Dewi � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):55Iswari Saraswati Dewi � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):11Jemmy Rinaldi � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):137Kikin Hamzah Mutaqin � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):105Kusmana � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):147Kusumiyati � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):79Laksminiwati Prabaningrum � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):87; 113Leli Kurniasari � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):201Liferdi Lukman � � � � � � � � � � � � 27(1):23; 69; 27(2): 217; 279

Loekas Soesanto � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):231Luluk Sutji Marhaeni � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):217M� Jawal Anwarudin Syah � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):209Maggi Tenawidjaya Suhartono � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):105Makful � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):185Muhammad Prama Yufdy � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):23Muhammad Syakir � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 27(1):35; 69Mutia Erti Dwiastuti � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):231Nani Sumarni � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):35Nirmala Friyanti Devy � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 27(2):155; 173Nur Khaririyatun � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):261Nurheni Wijayanto � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):297Purnama Hidayat � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):297Rachman Kurniawan � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):297Rahmat Sutarya � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):241Rariska Siregar � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):45Rini Rosliani � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):201Rizka Amalia Nugrahapsari � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):137Roedhy Poerwanto � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):253Rofik Sinung Basuki � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �2(2):261Sahlan � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):185Slamet Susanto � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):11; 95Sudiono � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):297Suharyanto � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):137Sulastri � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):105Surjono Hadi Sutjahjo � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):297Suwandi� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 27(1):23; 35Tino Mutiarawati Onggo � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):79Tonny Koestoni Moekasan � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):87Tri Asmira Damayanti � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):95Tri Handayani � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):1Widodo � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):105Witono Adiyoga � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):279Wiwin Setiawati � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):35; 27(2):217Wiyono � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):253Yenni Kusandriani � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):147Yenni � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):173Yudi Sastro � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):105Yusdar Hilman � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 27(2):201; 209Zainal Arifin � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):55

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Indeks Subjek (Subject Index)

Pemuliaan dan Teknologi Benih (Breeding and Seed Production)Cabai rawit � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):147Citrumelo � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):165Citrus nobilis � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):155Dataran medium � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):1Dataran tinggi � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):147Embriogenesis somatik � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):173Isoenzim � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):11Jawa Barat � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):185Jawa Timur � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):185Jeruk Gunung Omeh � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):155Jeruk Pamelo � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1);11Jeruk siam Kintamani � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):173Karakterisasi morfologi � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):11Kemampuan berproduksi � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):1Kentang � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):1Keragaman � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):155Kultr in vitro � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):165Marka RAPD � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):155Melon � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):185Pertumbuhan � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):173Plantlet � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 27(2):165; 173Produksi � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):173Regenerasi � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):173Suhu tinggi � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):1Sumatera Barat � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 27(2):155; 185Teknik sekuen berulang � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):165Toleransi � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):1tTCL � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):165Uji daya hasil � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):147Varietas unggul � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):185

Fisiologi dan Agronomi (Physiology and Agronomy)Apis cerana � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):201Asparagus � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):79BAP � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):201Bawang merah � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):23; 35; 27(2):201Benih botani � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):201Boron� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):45; 27(2):195Budidaya kentang ramah lingkungan � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):55Dataran rendah � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):201Dosis � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):69Hasil � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):23Introduksi � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):201Kelas benih kentang � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):209Kentang � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):55Kombinasi � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):69Konsentrasi larutan garam � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):79Kualitas bibit � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):79Kubis bunga � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):195Lahan kering berlereng � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):55Lahan suboptimal � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):35Mutu benih � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):195Mutu produk � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):209Naungan � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):195

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Proteksi (Protection)Akar tanaman � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):105Anyelir � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):95Arah pergerakan nozzle � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):113Bioaktivitas � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):217Botryodiplodia theobromae � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):231Budidaya � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):87Cabai merah � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):105; 27(2):217Carnation mottle virus � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):95Cendawan endofit � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):105Deteksi cepat � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):95Distribusi butiran semprot � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):113Efikasi pestisida � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):113Eksplorasi � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):105Ekstrak tumbuhan � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):217Isolat � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):231Jeruk � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):231Kentang � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):113Kubis � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):87Laboratorium � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):217Penyakit diplodia � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):231Penyemprotan pestisida � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):113Polyphagotarsonemus latus � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):217Rumah kasa � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):87Serangan hama � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):87Toksin � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):231

Pascapanen dan Pascaproduksi (Postharvest and Postpro-duction)Arumanis � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):253Bahan pencuci � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):253Cabai merah � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):241Fresh-cut brokoli � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):127Gedong Gincu � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):253Karakteristik fsik � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):127Karakteristik kimia � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):127Karakteristik � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):241Kemasan � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):241Kualitas � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):253Mangga � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):253Ozonisasi � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):241Penyimpanan � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):241Perforasi � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):127Residu pestisida � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):241Suhu penyimpanan � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):127

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Indeks Kumulatif Volume 27 No.1 – 2Tahun 2017


Agroekonomi (Agroeconomy)Adaptasi � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):279Adopsi � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):261Analisis berkelanjutan � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):297Analisis mata rantai � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):269Bali � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):137Balitsa � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):261Bawang merah � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):261Daya saing komoditas sayuran � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):137Kabupaten Brebes � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):261Kabupaten Karo � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):269Kabupaten Tanggamus � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):297Kebijakan subsidi pupuk � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):137Kubis � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):269Persepsi � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):279Perubahan iklim � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):279Petani sayuran � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):279PHT � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):297Sayuran � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):297Sentra produksi � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):269Sulawesi Selatan � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):279Usahatani � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):297

Anyelir (Dianthus caryophyllus)Carnation mottle virus � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):95Deteksi cepat � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):95

Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis)Konsentrasi larutan garam � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):79Kualitas bibit � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):79Pertumbuhan � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):79

Bawang merah (Allium cepa)Adopsi � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):261Apis cerana � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):201Balitsa � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):261BAP � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):201Benih botani � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):201Dataran rendah � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):201Hasil � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):23Introduki � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):201Kabupaten Brebes � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):261Lahan suboptimal � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):35Pertumbuhan � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):23PHUN � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):23Produksi � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):201Teknik penanaman � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):35True shallot seed � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):35

Brokoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica)Fresh-cut brokoli � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):127Karakteristik fsik � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):127Karakteristik kimia � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):127Perforasi � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):127Suhu penyimpanan � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):127

Cabai rawit (Capsicum sp.)Dataran tinggi � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):147Uji daya hasil � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):147

Cabai merah (Capsicum annuum)Bioaktivitas � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):217Ekstrak tumbuhan � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):217Karakteristik � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):241Kemasan � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):241Laboratorium � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):217Ozonisasi � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):241Penyimpanan � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):241Polyphagotarsonemus latus � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):217Residu pestisida � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):241

Jeruk (Citrus sp.)Botryodiplodia theobromae � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):231Citrumelo � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):165Citrus nobilis � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):155Embriogenesis somatik � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):173Isoenzim � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):11Isolat � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):231Jeruk Gunung Omeh � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):155Jeruk pamelo � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1);11Jeruk siam Kintamani � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):173Karakterisasi morfologi � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):11Keragaman � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):155Kultr in vitro � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):165Marka RAPD � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):155Penyakit diplodia � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):231Pertumbuhan � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):173Plantlet � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 27(2):165; 173Produksi � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):173Regenerasi � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):173Sumatera Barat � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):155Teknik sekuen berulang � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):165Toksin � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):231tTCL � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):165

Kentang (Solanum tuberosum)Arah pergerakan nozzle � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):113Budidaya kentang ramah lingkungan 27(1):55Dataran medium � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):1Distribusi butiran semprot � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):113Efikasi pestisida � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):113Kelas benih kentang � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):209Kemampuan berproduksi � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):1Konservasi tanah � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):55Lahan kering berlereng � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):55Mutu produk � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):209Penyemprotan pestisida � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):113Pertumbuhan � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):209Produksi � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):209Suhu tinggi � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):1Toleransi � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):1

Kubis (Brassica oleracea)Analisis mata rantai � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):269Budidaya � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):87Kabupaten Karo � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):269Rumah kasa � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):87Sentra produksi � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):269Serangan hama � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):87

314



Kubis bunga (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis)Boron� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):195Mutu benih � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):195Naungan � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):195Pemupukan � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):195Produksi � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):195

Mangga (Mangifera indica)Arumanis � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):253Bahan pencuci � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):253Gedong Gincu � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):253Kualitas � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):253Pencegah penyakit � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):253

Melon (Cucumis melo)Jawa Barat � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):185Jawa Timur � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(2):185

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Terung (Solanum melongena)Dosis � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):69Kombinasi � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):69NPK� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 27(1)69Pertumbuhan � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):69

Wortel (Daucus carota)Pemangkasan cabang � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):45Produksi � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):45Pupuk Boron � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27(1):45

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