Date post: | 02-Jan-2016 |
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Objectives of the System
We need more concrete but it is imperative that cement usage be minimised.
This can be achieved in two ways:• Better control, reducing margin
between mean and minimum• Cement replacement materials
Objectives of the System
Better control can be achieved by the use of my multigrade, multivariable, cusum QC system (described on a poster presentation at this conference) but how to handle cement replacement materials in this system?
Program Requirements
It is not sufficient to assign a strength equivalence factor to these supplementary materials because the ratio varies with both the % replacement and the required strength level
Program Requirements
My solution is to regard each combination of cementitious or pozzolanic materials as a different cement
Strength Formula(Feret)
M x 290 x (c / (c + w + a))2 + A
c = cement volw = water vol
a = air vol
M & A two constants to be found
Proportioning/Designing
Proportioning is evaluating the actual quantities of each ingredient for a particular load
This is what should be done on a “Just in Time” basis - by the computer alone with current data
Proportioning/Designing
Designing is deciding what properties a range of mixes should have and which materials should be used
Designs are revised periodically by technical management, also using part of this program
To achieve required control
It will be necessary to know, and to be able to compensate for:
1. Changes in aggregate properties2. Changes in cementitious material
and admixture properties3. Changes in production, delivery
and climatic conditions affecting water content
Changes in cementitious material properties
Changes in strength properties can be made based on cement tests or concrete tests
Cement test data may enable prior adjustment to change but
Only concrete test data can make fine tuning possible
Changes in aggregate properties :
Grading changes can easily be compensated for using author’s MSF concept
(Mix Suitability Factor, based on specific surface)
Changes affecting water content
Must compensate for change in • slump• temperature• time of haulThis is a major reason for Just in
Time proportioning
Utilization Sequence
1. Input all material properties2. Decide upon cement groups3. Decide upon range of
products to be offered4. Bring in test data to establish
w/c v strength relationship
Just in TimeThe design process is now
complete, actual proportions will depend upon JIT entries of slump, temperature and expected time of haul
Approval of Proposals
Some see difficulty in approving concrete supply proposals if proportions are not known in advance
Actually proportions are precisely known in advance if conditions are known