145
JustinKodam a InteractiveCognit ionLab ShailendraRa o Understandin Understandin g g Office Office Ecologies Ecologies
JustinKodamaJustinKodama
InteractiveCognitionLabInteractiveCognitionLab
ShailendraRaoShailendraRao
UnderstandinUnderstandingg
OfficeOfficeEcologiesEcologies
UnderstandinUnderstandingg
OfficeOfficeEcologiesEcologies
Why is it that...
ProjectMotivationProjectMotivation
•Malone (1983)Malone (1983)•Kirsh (2001)Kirsh (2001)
•Our Motivation:Our Motivation:Context Aware OfficeContext Aware Office
•Malone (1983)Malone (1983)•Kirsh (2001)Kirsh (2001)
•Our Motivation:Our Motivation:Context Aware OfficeContext Aware Office
Everyday Office Spaces
Everyday Office Spaces
Pre-scientific NotionPre-scientific NotionNeatNeat
Pre-scientific NotionPre-scientific NotionNeatNeat
Everyday Office Spaces
Everyday Office Spaces
Pre-scientific NotionPre-scientific NotionScruffyScruffy
Pre-scientific NotionPre-scientific NotionScruffyScruffy
Hypothesis
NeatScruffy
There is a well defined Continuum that ranges from Neat to Scruffy
Folk Beliefs
Value Judgments – Artsy vs. Efficient
Neats don’t lose things
Scruffies discover more connections
Forcing Function
How do we make How do we make sense of all of sense of all of
this?this?
How do we make How do we make sense of all of sense of all of
this?this?
More than a Desk
Physical Context
Static Parameters
Task Parameters
Exogenous Factors
Behavioral Strategies
Work Styles
Physical ContextStatic ParametersTask ParametersExogenous FactorsBehavioral StrategiesWork StylesHojicha = 3 Tasks
Chandrasekhar = 1 Task
Data 3 Types
Interviews (9 subjects)
Subject Logs (4 subjects)
Recordings (5 subjects)
Data Interviews Data Interviews
PreliminaryPreliminary Office Tour Office Tour
Mid-dayMid-day Interviews Interviews
End of DayEnd of Day Interviews Interviews
PreliminaryPreliminary Office Tour Office Tour
Mid-dayMid-day Interviews Interviews
End of DayEnd of Day Interviews Interviews
ErrorErrorInterruptionInterruptionErrorErrorInterruptionInterruption
Data Subject Logs
Data Subject Logs
Subject reports a story of What Happened, When and How
3 Subjects
Taken by Subject
Picture Checklist
Data Digital Pictures
2 SubjectsEntire Office WorkspaceInterruptions from the Outside World
Data Surveillance
Cameras
Tally Major Office Tally Major Office EventsEvents
Tally Major Office Tally Major Office EventsEvents
Method Counting
Method Counting
NeaterNeater Office DwellerOffice Dweller
Lots ofLots of FilingFiling
Put Away Files
19.6
34.8
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Scruffier NeaterSubject
Fre
qu
en
cy (
pe
r d
ay)
Poisson Probability = 99.99%
Pull Out Files
18.4
45.2
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Scruffier NeaterSubject
Fre
qu
en
cy (
pe
r d
ay)
Poisson Probability = 99.99%
ScruffierScruffier Office DwellerOffice Dweller
Lots ofLots of PilingPiling
Grabbing Piles
16
23.6
0
5
10
15
20
25
Scruffier NeaterSubject
Fre
qu
en
cy (
pe
r d
ay)
Poisson Probability = 97.24%
Moving Piles
29.8
18
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Scruffier NeaterSubject
Fre
qu
en
cy (
pe
r d
ay)
Poisson Probability = 99.99%
Scruffier Office DwellerScruffier Office Dweller
Managing MultipleManaging Multiple LayersLayers
End of Flipbook
End of Show
Neater Office DwellerNeater Office Dweller
AvoidingAvoiding LayersLayers
End of Flipbook
End of Show
Adds a Layer
19.8
10
0
5
10
15
20
25
Scruffier NeaterSubject
Fre
qu
en
cy (
pe
r d
ay)
Poisson Probability = 99.72%
Scruffier Office DwellerScruffier Office Dweller
Managing MultipleManaging Multiple TasksTasks
# Tasks Open
2.69
1.28
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
Scruffier Neater
Subject
# of
Tas
ks O
pen
Poisson Probability = 68.05%
Sticky NotesSticky Notes
UsingUsing Impromptu Note Taking Impromptu Note Taking DevicesDevices
I am the Post-It Queen… I use more Post-Its than anybody
Just Stick It!Sound Clip
I hate stickies… I think they look so messy
It Won’t Stick!Sound Clip
Sticky Notes
9.6
2.4
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Scruffier NeaterSubject
Fre
qu
en
cy (
pe
r d
ay)
Poisson Probability = 99.91%
Mobile Working Space
29.8
18
9.6
2.4
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Scruffier NeaterSubject
Fre
quency (
per
day)
Poisson Probability = 99.99%
Empirical Factors Determining Position
Empirical Factors Determining Position
•FilesFiles
•PilesPiles
•LayersLayers
•# of Tasks Open# of Tasks Open
•Impromptu Note TakingImpromptu Note Taking
•Mobile Working SpaceMobile Working Space
•FilesFiles
•PilesPiles
•LayersLayers
•# of Tasks Open# of Tasks Open
•Impromptu Note TakingImpromptu Note Taking
•Mobile Working SpaceMobile Working Space
Successful Pilot Study
Empirically Significant Factors
Useful Methodology
No Metric on Map
Continuum Conclusion
Neat
Scruffy
Participant observer study
Control for differences in job and task
Emotional investment
Study coordination with digital world
FutureFuture WorkWork
got questions?
Justin Kodama
Shailendra Rao
Interactive Cognition Lab
adrenaline.ucsd.edu
Special Thanks
AdvisorsDavid Kirsh
Aaron CicourelJeff ElmanWendy Ark
Hendrik Knoche
Interactive Cognition Lab & FriendsKorin Lee, Dave Philp, Morana Alac, Bryan Clemens, Greg Elliott, Andy Guerrero, Nicole Peterson, Thomas Rebotier, Aaron Zinman
Office Friends
![287 ORAL HISTORY INTERVIEW...BY: Michiko Kodama-Nishimoto (MK) [Editor's Note: The interview was conducted in Japanese by Michiko Kodama-Nishimoto and translated by Judith Yamauchi.]](https://static.documents.pub/doc/80x56/6012e61df54d5c310102c1a7/287-oral-history-interview-by-michiko-kodama-nishimoto-mk-editors-note.jpg)
