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Juvenile justice trends in Australia Rachel Aalders
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Juvenile justice trends in Australia
Rachel Aalders
Key points• Relatively few young people are involved
in the juvenile justice system• Significant and ongoing
over-representation of Indigenous young people
• Changes in the use of detention• Impact of factors at the state and territory
level
Juvenile justice system in Australia
• State and territory responsibility
• Involves police, courts, juvenile justice agencies, parole boards
• Young person– 10–17 years (10–16 years in Qld)– 18+ in some cases
Juvenile justice system—overview
Proceeded against by police
Court appearance Sentencing
Non-court action (e.g. warnings,
cautions, conferencing)
Court action
Matter finalised
Charge proven
Charge unproven, transferred, withdrawn
Diversion (e.g. conference)
Unsupervised (e.g.
unsupervised bail)
Community supervision
(e.g. supervised bail)
Remand
Unsupervised (e.g. fine)
Community supervision
(e.g. probation)
Detention sentence
Parole/supervised
release
Juvenile justice agency
supervision
Parole Board hearing
Juvenile justice data and reports• Juvenile justice in Australia (AIHW)
– Juvenile Justice National Minimum Data Set– Unit-record data from 2000–01– Data in presentation 2007–08
• Criminal Courts (ABS)– Finalised defendants– Children’s Court data from 2006–07
• Recorded crime—offenders (ABS)– People proceeded against by police – Data on children aged 10 years and older from 2007–08
Only a few are supervised
For 10–17 year olds, each year:
• 65,000 proceeded against by police
• 25,000 defendants in Children’s Courts
• 14,000 supervised by juvenile justice agencies
• 6,000 in detention
National trends in supervision rates
2004–05 2005–06 2006–07 2007–080
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
Number per 1,000 on average day
2.17
0.30
2.20
0.32
2.18
0.34
2.10
0.37
Community-based supervision
Detention
National trends—community
2004–05 2005–06 2006–07 2007–080
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16Number per 1,000 avg day (columns) Rate ratio (diamonds)
Indigenous
Non-Indigenous
National trends—detention
2004–05 2005–06 2006–07 2007–080
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30Number per 1,000 avg day (columns) Rate ratio (diamonds)
Indigenous
Non-Indigenous
National trends in detention—legal status
2004–05 2005–06 2006–07 2007–080
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
Nu
mb
er
of
yo
un
g p
eo
ple
on
av
era
ge
da
y
Indigenous unsentenced
Indigenous sentenced
Non-Indigenous unsentenced
Non-Indigenous sentenced
Community and detention rates
NSW Vic Qld WA SA Tas ACT NT Aust0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Number per 1,000 av day (columns)
Rate ratio (diamonds)
Community-based supervision rate
Detention rate
Community-based supervision—Indigenous status (rates)
NSW Vic Qld WA SA Tas ACT NT Aust0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Number per 1,000 avg day (columns) Rate ratio (diamonds)
Indigenous
Non-Indigenous
Detention—Indigenous status (rates)
NSW Vic Qld WA SA Tas ACT NT Aust incl NSW0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45Number per 1,000 avg day (columns) Rate ratio (diamonds)Indigenous
Non-Indigenous
Detention—legal status (rates)
NSW Vic Qld WA SA Tas ACT NT Aust0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5Number per 1,000 avg day (columns) Rate ratio (diamonds)
Remand
Sentenced
Trends in remand
NSW Vic Qld WA SA Tas ACT NT0
50
100
150
200
250Average daily population
2004–05
2005–06
2006–07
2007–08
Trends in sentenced detention
NSW Vic Qld WA SA Tas ACT NT0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180Average daily population
2004–05
2005–06
2006–07
2007–08
Report availability
• All AIHW publications available for free to download
https://www.aihw.gov.au
http://www.aihw.gov.au/publications/index.cfm
• Juvenile justice report serieshttp://www.aihw.gov.au/publications/index.cfm/series/405
• Juvenile justice subject pagehttp://www.aihw.gov.au/phjj/juvenilejustice
Contact detailsRachel Aalders
Senior Project Manager, Juvenile Justice
Child and Youth Welfare Unit
02 6244 1112
