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Molecules Proteins, carbohydrates, fats, nucleic acids Organelles Cells Functional units Tissues Organs Organ systems Body Anatomy and Physiology JVVRYYYPGWTQUWTIKECNEQO - Anterior (ventral) view - Lateral view - Posterior (dorsal) view - Anatomical planes Regions: - Axial - Appendicular (extremities) Body cavities: - Dorsal (cranial and spinal), - ventral (thoracic and abdominopelvic), - nasal, oral, orbital, tympanic, and synovial Proximal – Closer to the center of the body Distal – Further from the center of the body Superficial – Closer to the skin Deep – Further from the skin Dorsal – Towards the back of the body Ventral – Towards the front of the body Pronate – Turn the palms up or the feet inward Supinate – Turn the palms down or the feet outward Abduction – To move away from the middle of the body Adduction – To move toward the middle of the body Extension – To straighten out a joint Flexion – To bend a joint Dorsiflexion – To bend the foot upward at the ankle Plantarflexion – To bend the foot downward at the ankle Cranial – Closer to the head Caudal – Closer to the buttocks Foramen – A hole or opening Fossa – A flat surface or a depression. Lumen – The opening of a tube (like the center of the windpipe or a blood vessel). Prominence – An area which protrudes or sticks out. Tubercle – A bump. Anatomical vocabulary
