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8/18/2019 K-1 Soil and Water Conservation
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Soil and Water ConservationSoil and Water Conservation
(SWC)(SWC)
Dr. Suria Darma Tarigan MSc.Dr. Suria Darma Tarigan MSc.
(Coordinator)(Coordinator)
20201144
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Outline
1. Definition of SWC
2. Issues related to SWC
3. Land Degradation
4. Land Rehabilitation
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1 Definition of SWC
• Soil and Water Conservation:
• SWC: utilization of soil based onits capability to prevent land
degradation.• The above definition includes important aspects:
•Based on its capability (how tonow it!"
• #revention of land degradation
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4
$s land utilization here based on its capability!
$s there land de radation here!
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Outline
1. Definition of SWC
2. Issues related to SWC
3. Land Degradation
4. Land Rehabilitation
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2. Issues related to SWC
Soil Erosion and sedimentation
Land degradationlooding! Droug"t and Land slide
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2.1 Soil Erosion
7
Soil erosionSoil erosion::
Soil erosion is a process of soilloss by water or wind flow.
Soil erosion is the main cause ofland de radation.
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2.2 Coastal Sedientation
!
Coastal sedimentation innorthern %ava $sland showedan intensive soil erosion fromsouthern area.
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"
2.3. Reser#oir Sedientation
&eservoir sedimentation in mostreservoirs in %ava showed an intensive
soil erosion from upper area.
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2.4. Degraded Land
Degraded land is mainly caused by
soil erosion
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How Soil Erosion can induce degradedland:
1) Top soil disappearance
2) Decreasing ability of soil to absorb
water
Physical characteristics ofPhysical characteristics of atosol !itaya"atosol !itaya" afterafter #2$%##2$%#
"""" erosion inerosion in 1&1& "onth s"onth s
'efore'efore
erosionerosion (fter(fter erosierosionon
'ul densit'ul densit *g+c"*g+c",,)) &$-,&$-, 1$$
Per"eabilitPer"eabilit y y *c"+.a")*c"+.a") ,$11,$11 1$%,1$%,
PenetraPenetrationtion +c"* +c") 1%$#1%$# ,&$,,&$,
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Ministry of ForestryMinistry of Forestry: 13,2: 13,2 millionsmillions haha degraded landsdegraded lands,,5,95,9 millionsmillions haha inside forest areainside forest area,, andand 7,37,3 millionmillion haha
outsideoutside forest areaforest area
Degraded Land in Indonesia
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2.$ %looding and Land slides
1313
Natural disaster inNatural disaster in Indonesia (1998Indonesia (1998
2!!3"2!!3"
Types frequencyVictims
Loss(mio
rupiah)
Flooding 30 !0"" !#!$3!
Landslides %& "%& !3$#'
rathquae 3' 30" !00$000
Volcano !" *$+
Thunderstorm %" 3 %$0!&
Total "%, 0 -Sum#er$ %a&ornas '%
. %loodings and land slides are related to the e&tend of degraded land
%looding and land slides o''uren'e in Indonesia is still 'ategori(ed high
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Outline
1. Definition of SWC
2. Issues related to SWC
3. Land Degradation
4. Land Rehabilitation
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3. Land Degradation
#and degradation#and degradation::
• is a detereoration of soil leading to a lossof one or all of its function to supportcorresponding biotic acti/ities
• and degradation dri/ers:1$Erosion
2$oss of nutrients and organic "atter$
,$0ining acti/ities. $i%e $i%e of land degradationof land degradation :: &&hhysi'alysi'al,, hemi'alhemi'al ))
*iologi*iologi'al degradation'al degradation
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a.1. )h*si'al LD Erosion
$y%e of land degradation
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a.2. )h*si'al LD +ining
1!
http://../1_PPM/SEBUKU/Lapangan/Video/MOV05d.MODhttp://../1_PPM/SEBUKU/Lapangan/Video/MOV05d.MOD
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1"
a.3. )h*si'al Land 'learing ,ith hea#*a'hineries
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2-
. Loss of nutrient and organic matter due to
the forest /re
. ea1y metal contaminations
. Salini2ation
b. Chei'al LD
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.1er use of pesticides and forest/re
3$ 4iological L+:
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Outline
1. Definition of SWC
2. Issues related to SWC
3. Land Degradation
4. Land Rehabilitation
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4. Land Rehabiltation
4.1 )re#ention
Land utili(ation a''ording to its 'a0abilit*
se of soil and 'onser#ation te'hniues
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Soil and water conservation methods
'.egetative method
).Structural method
*.Chemical method
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LC*S*+% SE%EL,M D- SES,D D/+E-DM /+
berupa krital
(sebelum)
berupa gel
(sesudah)
Chei'al ethod l'osorb and Soil %i&
for *dro seeding
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,se o lcosor# or tree lanting in degraded land
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%eore and ter S*/L/ alication
#eore ater
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00li'ation of l'osrob and Soil %i& for *dro
seeding
3altim 'rima Coal
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%ree0ort 5ailing Re'. Soilfi& )ol*bead
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l'osrob Soil %i& untu6 *dro seeding 0ada
alti )ria Coal
3altim 'rima Coal