Date post: | 02-Jun-2018 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | metothelimit |
View: | 215 times |
Download: | 0 times |
of 37
8/10/2019 kaa.pdf
1/37
1
Strategising sustainable urban mobility in EU
Neighbour Countries
ICLEI L G S
D M, S F
L 3
D79098 F
C : .@.
D: J 2011.
EUROPEAN UNION
CITY HALL OF
CHISINAU MUNICIPALITY
8/10/2019 kaa.pdf
2/37
2
" , ,
,
."
N M
T P (1532)
8/10/2019 kaa.pdf
3/37
3
0. Context of this report ................................................................................................... 4
1. Introduction and aims .................................................................................................. 5
2. Overview of EU urban transport policies.................................................................... 8
3. Present status and direction of the transport sector in the EU ...............................15
4. How to start getting involved .....................................................................................19
4.1 A 19
4.2 F / 27
4.3 P 32
5. Conclusions .................................................................................................................35
Annex ..................................................................................................................................37
EU 37
8/10/2019 kaa.pdf
4/37
4
T I C
S , E U
CIUDAD P (C U D D). T
M 2010 A 2012. I C, R M, S,
U, ,
. T ,
.
8/10/2019 kaa.pdf
5/37
5
U .
M , : , ,
, , , , , , ... T
EU GHG ;
. A
,
GHG .
T , , . I
. A
1, , , .
T , 1990 2007 EU27 29%,
30%, 41%. I , 34%.
2
T . D
, , ,
. T ,
, . L, (.
) (. ). A
, , GHG
, , ,
( ).3
4
N , .
5
O / F 1.
1EEA R N2/2010 T : ://...//
2I
3A US E P A 2010
. T 63,000 88,000 U S . S:
://.//92005020.
4A , U A,
. S: ://...///
1568798.
5B (2000) T R K C (2009). T . S:
://.. /U/D/200908/20090818_124030_53136_TRKC_T___E.
8/10/2019 kaa.pdf
6/37
6
1:
: (2007)
I , EU
E , .6I S 2009
EU A P U M,
. T EU EU
. L,
,
.
T .7
R,
. A , ,
. F , ,
. M,
(. )
(. , ),
.
6EEA R N 5/2009 E E .
7S, , T C (2010). E : H ?
8/10/2019 kaa.pdf
7/37
7
T
(LG) :
LG. I :
EU,
,
,
E,
(.
).
P ,
. T
,
, ,
.
A ,
. O,
. T
, ,
.
A
E.
... .
8/10/2019 kaa.pdf
8/37
8
T
EU. I
U, E
, G P 2007
8
A P U M 2009.
A 1957, E E C ( F, I,
G, B, N L) M S
. T 1992 T M, T E U,
, E C
, E .9
T EC W P10
, M S.11
B 1995 1998 EC, C N
, .12
I .
W , EC 2001,
. T , , E 2010:
E . I
60
, ,
. I , W P
E C G J 2001.13
A,
, EU
,
.14
I EC 2001 W P, 2006
K E , ,
, EU,
8
A E C , E , . A
. I ,
. S: ://..//G_
9CIVITAS VANGUARD. P P . S T E. J 2010.
10W E C E U .
T . S: ://..//W_
11://./_//__/24007_.
12://..///_/__.
13://./_//__/24007_.
14L, D (2005) I E, O.
8/10/2019 kaa.pdf
9/37
9
( K P ),
.15
M,
, 2000 EC CIVITAS
I,
. U
EC
,
EU M S.
I 2007 EC
: T .16
I E
( , .
,
, )
EU ,
(.
E
).17
T
EC
A P U M (2009).18
B
A P, ,
G P.
T G P
19
:
C, , , ,
() ,
.
P
15://..///2006____.
16://../LUS////2007/2007_055101.
17T T, H E PE P (THE PEP), 2002, UNECE
WHO R O E
. THE PEP
, . A THE PEP,
, . S:
://..////_ECE_AC_21_5_F_.
18://../LUS/LUS.?=COM:2009:0490:FIN:EN:PDF
19://../LUS/LUS.?=COM:2007:0551:FIN:EN:PDF
W ,
, 2010
.
T
D,
G T N
. R
30 K/ , ,
.
O
,
,
. L,
,
.
T
, ,
,
.
S:
://../////
/2051.
8/10/2019 kaa.pdf
10/37
10
, , ,
, .
D , CO2 ,
. GHG
. N .
P
;
;
.
I ,
.
P (ITS)
,
, (
).
A . T ,
, , , , . T ,
, , , , , ,
, , (, ,
, ). T , ,
.
P
, (.
),
, , , ,
.
S . I
, (.
). A
.
P (.
),
,
.
T G P , ,
,
: , ,
, .20
I ,
20://../LUS/LUS.?=COM:2007:0551:FIN:EN:PDF
8/10/2019 kaa.pdf
11/37
11
.
I G P,
EC
.2122
T
EU
.
T :
T
.
T
, E .
W ,
.
I
. T EU,
A P U M,
2011.
A , G P EC S 2009. T
A P , , 2009
2012 EU
.
21://../////2007__.
22I 2006 EU T S U E M S
E . I EU
E . T
E
. S:
://.//RA.?=IP/06/34&=HTML&=0&=EN&L=
A
T :
, P M (2010)
''
;
(,
, , ). W
, . A
:
.
P
,
,
,
. T
,
( , , .,
(
), ,
( ).
S: M, P. (2010)
://../NR//570FF96998D64C06
B9DB
9837A732E835/0/TSI
M10.
8/10/2019 kaa.pdf
12/37
12
T A P EU
. H, EU
( )
S U M P (SUMP),
.
T A P P
, F , G
, S , S
, O
20 EU
2009 2012
SUMP.
F , A 1 A
[] , []
, [] []
.23
I (T 4),
A P,
,
,
,
. T, EU
, E I
B,
. T EC
.
M, A P
EU
,
,
,
. A ,
EU CIVITAS I
E E .24
23://../LUS/LUS.?=COM:2009:0490:FIN:EN:PDF
24T CIVITAS I 2, 4 .
P
. A
.
A ICLEI G
145
LG. O ,
(.
). T
,
LG
.
W
,
E
?
)
P .
)
T
,
,
.
)
S
.
: C (2005).
&
.
8/10/2019 kaa.pdf
13/37
13
I , EU
, , ,
, . T
EU ,
GHG ,
. A L, ,
,
.25
I ,
.26
I,
27
. L
, , .
T, ,
/
, GHG , .28
T
EU, . T
LG
. O
A C;
LG E
600 ,
2004
. T
B , ,
,
.29
A
C M,
25T C (2010). E : H ?
26C, G. & S, B. (2005). S : E . J
U P D, . 131, . 3.
27T ' ' ' ,
. S: UK D T,
://...///////3633?=6
28I, G. (2010 ) T .
P 1W C C A C C, B. ICLEI
29://.10./.
8/10/2019 kaa.pdf
14/37
14
EU CO2
30
(. 20/20/20 : 20%
CO2, 20% , 20%
) S E A P. A 2000
C M (O 2010). T A P U
M EU S 2009
C M
,31
SEAP .
F, , R F S C
E LG
, . T
. T
. T
2011. I
2012.32
W EU
, E
.
30://../
31://../LUS/LUS.?=COM:2009:0490:FIN:EN:PDF
32://../
8/10/2019 kaa.pdf
15/37
15
T
EU,
,
. F
(
2) .
E
: T
E U. N,
25%
EU (
, ). W
, (83%)
,
13%
.33
T E E A (EEA)
T E R M
(TERM) . I , TERM
200934
, EEA E
,
GHG . T
GHG EEA 35
,
. W , , .
I, GHG
.36
F
33E (2006). S:
://..../_/./T____
34EEA R N2/2010 T : ://...//
35E E A EU27 M S I, L, N, S
T.
36EEA R N1/2008 C : ://...//__2008_1
:
P 75%
C (+ 38%
1990 2004 EU 25,
+14% +167% )
50% 5, 30%
3
L 5%
L 10%
W
A .
U 20% 25%
( )
U 10%
20% ( )
B
M E 6
, , .
.
S:
://../////2007_
_.://..
8/10/2019 kaa.pdf
16/37
16
,
( ,
). O,
,
,
/ .37
T , ,
,
, 2 . T
,
, E .
2: 25
: 2009
E E,
() GHG NOX, NO2 CO2 . T
, ,
.
E . F 3
32 EEA , , (
), (
). I ,
, ,
, , , ,
.
37EEA, 2010. S: ://...///2019
8/10/2019 kaa.pdf
17/37
17
3: ( ) 2007
: 2009
P EU M S
. I M S, ,
( E, H S). T F
. B 1990 2004, F TGV (F
) , TGV
.38
T M S
. F 4 M S, .
E E ,
. T
EU,
. A ,
M S. B
,
. W ,
,
. T ,
, .
F 4, , W E
, .
38G, R. P, A. (2010). T . P 52. E.
8/10/2019 kaa.pdf
18/37
18
4:
: 2009
I , ,
70% 12 1995
200739
. T . T
,
.40
L , S U
T P EU 200741
2030,
, CO2 27% 2010 . T
29% EU
40% CO2 10% EU. E
, ,
,
( PM10, PM2,5, NO, PAH), ,
. T , EEA EU (
2 ),
,
, , . N ,
,
. A
,
: ()
?
39EEA R N2/2010 T : ://...//
40 ://..//2010/04/20/340853/.
41://../////2007__.
8/10/2019 kaa.pdf
19/37
19
T
. I : )
, ; )
; , , )
. T ,, LG
.
T
.
H, , , , . C
, , , , .
. M,
, ( )
.
T
, . I
,
, , .
42I ,
LG
EU ( , , A C C
M 2). T
. T
, .
P (. ,
, ) (. ,
). N ,
, . I ,
,
LG ,
LG .43
42M, P. (2009) T : . E.
43S, HU. (2007) S , . E
A U E, B.
8/10/2019 kaa.pdf
20/37
20
G ,
LG . T
, ,
, , , ,
. T LG (
) . C
E. T
:
W R
:
. LG
. B ,
, . I ,
E
.44
E
,
.
B B ()
://..
B B M 2007.
H
2008 6,000 , 400 118,000 . T
B 15 /
. O ,
. T
,
(IDAE A )
B . T LG
. T , , ,
, ,
, .
E R
() . A
, , , , , , ,
, .
P ,
44..
8/10/2019 kaa.pdf
21/37
21
, ,
. E , E : 46% EU27
, 50%.45
M
,
()
. S , ,
.46
47
F (G)
: D,
G C . , .
2008
T F
. A
S .
C G ,
F , 423 1,000 .
P, , ,
. S ,
. T ,
500 . C 9,000
(B R). L
. N
30 /. T
BSB,
. A
.
& ( )
://../.?=&=108
A M 2004 R
A . T R A /
535 . T
P&R
,
45DG TREN 0809.
46M, P. (2009) T : . E.
47T R K C (2009). T . S: ://..
/U/D/200908/20090818_124030_53136_TRKC_T___E.
8/10/2019 kaa.pdf
22/37
22
(. ). U
. P
.
D R
. S :
(. );
,
S, L M, ; ;
,
LG ,
; ,
,
.
C C C ()
://...
://..//#
C C L F 2003,
. F
. I
GHG
. T
. I , , . O
.
C (D)
://..//1297.
O O U H,
8,000 . F
, . T ,
. T
U H . U ,
,
.
O (.. )
, .
L ( ) R
8/10/2019 kaa.pdf
23/37
23
. T
. LG
. S
, , ,
.
C
(C)
://../.?=&=
695
T Z
E M W. A
,
, , . R
, ,
, , , .
D N 2009 E M W, CIVITAS ELAN
FORUM . I ,
,
. F , ,
CIVITAS ELAN . W
CIVITAS ELAN FORUM ,
W , 100 ,
, . T
. M
. C
, .
T .
()
://..//A/
S T S' , ,
. B ,
. T 60,000
. A
,
. F , 1.900 .
A GPS 30 . D ,
, . T
8/10/2019 kaa.pdf
24/37
24
. F
20 . T
. P
,
. T
. C
.
T .
I R
,
,
. O , ,
, .
(F)
://../
I L R
Y
, ,
( L ),
& ,
. C
,
. M .M, .
A
. LG
, .
()
://../.?=&=48
W C C 3,000 , 760
P R (P+R) . W P+R ,
. I 2004 W (
MIRACLES ),
,
P+R, . A
.
I P+R
. A , P+R
. T ,
, P+R. T
, CO2
. T .
8/10/2019 kaa.pdf
25/37
25
T R
,
.
B ,
. R
, , ,
. S , , ,
, , . L,
, LG
(. ). I ,
. A,
, ,
.
48
G B C ()
://..//C.?=136
T B G
. A
. I CO2 ,
. I B C 2009 E85
, 25 . B
. O , ,
, . S,
.
T .
G E B
(G)
://../
B
(CNG)
. S , B
, ,
48F , W I B ,
, ( ) ,
. S: S , K.O.T B
2020 P CAREN 19 M 2010 L, NL.
8/10/2019 kaa.pdf
26/37
26
. T 350 CNG
B. T ,
,
. C ,
,
.
I B, .
F R
.
F ,
. LG
,
. P
( ),
,
.49
G G (A)
://../.
A G
.
C G
, . B
,
. L S
EU T (
CIVITAS I ). V ,
,
.
G (B)
://../.?=&=573
T C G
, . T
,
, . D
49O C O. ITDP, G A.
8/10/2019 kaa.pdf
27/37
27
. P , ,
.
A , LG
,
, . W
. F , 20
50 ; 30 75 ; 50 150
. I
, . I,
, ( ) .50
T
,
.51
T
,
. I
, ,
,
. I LG,
. P, ,
. S E
. O , , CAREN .52
C ( E)
,
. T
.
T EU LG
53
. T
:
+54
F I E,
EU. I ,
EU
E . D ,
50W, M. E F: S Z. P ICLEI E S 28
J 2009 F, G.
51A, A.; J K, C.; K, M. (2009) U
. T R, P A, 43 (339348).
52://..
53S , , EU M S.
54://..////.
8/10/2019 kaa.pdf
28/37
28
. I M 2010
, 243
, . T
.
()55
: T I E E EU'
,
. T
M S E E A, C
C . I, N, L STEER
ALTENER E E A. I
20032006, 2013
730 . IEE ,
, , ,
. F STEER
ALTENER .
B (B)56
: T EIB E
U. T B ,
EU M S. I
EU . D 2000 2004, 10.7
, 92%
8% . A 90% EIB
EU M S. E EU
C C, ,
. T
E, M , R, A, C P, S
A, A L A.57
A58
: T
, E C EIB ELENA
(E L EN A), I EE
. B EU M S, N, I,
L C. ELENA
, ,
, , , ,
, '
' EIB .
55://..///_.
56://../
57 ://..///.
58://..//_//.?=
8/10/2019 kaa.pdf
29/37
29
B D (BD)59
1991
C E
E. I 29 60
C E C A ,
, . I
, EBRD
, . D
5 230 . T EBRD 35%
. T
. P , , ,
.
7
(7)61
: FP7 S F
P R T D. T EU'
E 2007 2013 (
EU). FP7 E' ,
. T T T FP7
, E
,
E . T FP7
4 20072013,
, .
CIVITAS, , 5 (CIVITAS I), 6
(CIVITAS II) 7 (CIVITAS P, ) F P. S
EU (. 50%)
. A , ,
E .
C 62
: I EU M S
1994. S
C R, E, C, L, L,
H, M, P, S S R
. T C F 85 %
. T
EU. E EU 90% EU
T
, . A 308
59://..
60I M U.
61://../7/_.
62://../_///_.
://../_///2007//_.
8/10/2019 kaa.pdf
30/37
30
EU
C 2007 2013.
B63
187 . I
I B R D (IBRD),
I D A (IDA). T ,
. I , , , ,
, . U
1970
70 . I ,
W B
. A :
,
, ,
/ . T B
: , C A
S (CAS)
B .
W ,
:
O CIVITAS .64
I
E,
. T . CIVITAS
.
T D C ,
, CIVITAS
. O , CIVITAS P A
N. T P A N, ,
17
CIVITAS II (2005 2009),
.65
A ELTIS66
, E L
I S ( EU). I
. I
: ,
, . I
63://../
64://../_.?=
65://../.?=825&=&_=1
66://../V.?=
8/10/2019 kaa.pdf
31/37
31
. ELTIS
.
T JASPERS67
(J A S P E R)
EIB, E C, EBRD KW B
S C F. I 10
M S EU 2004 R B
2007.
T
C. JASPERS' , ,
.68
WWF' O P M69
(.. , ). S E
C I B (S), F (G)
M (S).
T E C L70
,
, ,
27 , 23 EU . I
EU ,
E , .
F, , THE PEP
. I ,
. I
, , ,
.71
W LG
,
, LG
.
67://..//_//.
68://../
69://.../__/____//_______.
70://.../?=...120
71://../
8/10/2019 kaa.pdf
32/37
32
A 2 , EU LG
()
2009 2012.
L
. I ,
EU 72
,
GHG
. I,
,
, ,
. T ,
,
.
73
F, T C C C R (
)
,
.74
T ,
. F ,
, , , , ;
, , , ;
; , ,
, .
B
. I
,
, ( LG) (
, EU )
, , SUMP. T,
: , / , LG
,
.75
F, 4.1,
SUMP
.76
R
72S TRENDSETTER, PROPOLIS, SPRITE, FORESIGHT TRANSPORT, PROSPECTS, SCATTER TRANSPLUS. S:
://../U/D/200908/20090818_124030_53136_TRKC_T___E.
73I.
74T C (2009) E : H ?
75S, : ://../P/THEPEPB16.
76W, M. E F: S Z. P ICLEI E S 28
J 2009 F, G.
8/10/2019 kaa.pdf
33/37
33
/
,
, .77
M
SUMP, 5
ICLEI,
.78
T
,
. T ,
,
,
. T
S C LG ,
,
.
D ,
.
T S C .
S 1: B T LG ,
. T
( M B R).
S 2: T
T , LG
. T
.
T , . I ,
(. , );
(. 20
36 , 3
A B M 2014) ,
. W
!
77C, G. & S, B. (2005). S : E . J
U P D, . 131, . 3.
78://../
5
8/10/2019 kaa.pdf
34/37
34
S 3: P
I M S T
,
.
T
.
S 4: I
T
M S T. T
LG, .
A S C
.
S 5: E
A , M S T
, M S P ,
. T
M B R, , .
T
. T ,
.
T S C 35 ,
(. ). H,
, .79
A LG ,
,
, ( )
,
. LG ,
. I , ,
,
,
. D
LG, . T S C
. I
, .
T, SUMP
S C
LG
.
79://..////_//ACTORG_.
8/10/2019 kaa.pdf
35/37
35
T GHG
. U ,
. T (.
) ( ). T ,,
, .
O , ,
, ,
. C
. B E
. T
. LG, ,
. S
: ;
;
;
, , ,
,
.
P , ,
. T
, . C S,
: , ,
, . T
2007 2008 M 80 80
. I
, . I
, ,
. T E
;
, .
M
. T
80I C S .
8/10/2019 kaa.pdf
36/37
36
,
. P
,
. I ,
. M, ,
,
.
W ,
LG , , EU
. T
E .
T , EU
S 2009 A P
U M.
T
, . I
. E ,
20 . I ,
, , . T
, ,
.
B . I ,
.81
B , LG
. B
, LG E
. B ,
,
.
81B, J. & S, R. (1994) F . G C P.
8/10/2019 kaa.pdf
37/37
P E
C EU .
://./1/EU_L_M_O.