Kahsay Berhe and Yohannes Mehari

LIVES – Commodity Value Chain Development Inception Workshop EIAR HQ, Addis Ababa

January 21-24, 2013

Livestock commodity value chains in three Amhara zones

Introduction

• Outline– Intervention zones and districts– Commodities and PAs– Constraints in value chains– Cross cutting issues– Potential interventions

LIVES intervention districts, North Gonder zone

LIVES intervention districts, West Gojam zone

LIVES intervention districts, South Wello zone

Commodities and intervention PAs

Zones

Districts

Commodities/intervention PAs

Beef Poultry Dairy Small ruminants

Apiculture

North Gonder Gonder zuria 23 24 13 NA NA

Lay Armachoho 23 12 23 NA NA

Dembia 23 23 18 NA NAWest Gojam Bahir Dar zuria 27 24 17 NA NA

Mecha 15 20 12 NA NAYilmana Densa 17 14 10 NA NA

South Wello Kalu NA NA 19 20 13Dessie zuria NA NA 17 26 25Tehuledere NA NA 15 13 15

Dairy related constraints• Marketing– Poor dairy cooperatives/union/private plants

• Jantekel dairy union• Poor/inexistent primary cooperatives • Closure of private dairy processing plant

– Lack of collection centres– Lack of milk processing during excess production– Culture/religion_mainly NG, WG– Processing plant collected milk on credit but no payment

to farmers (SW)

Dairy continued…• Input supply

– Poor AI service (lack of semen & liquid nitrogen, discouraged farmer AI technicians)

– Lack of feed suppliers (dairy ration, roughage) – Lack of value chain approach– Appropriate breeds– Lack of facilities to reach dairy farmers

• Production– Dairy = liquid milk ???– Lack of improved breed– Poor productivity of cows (feed, health, management, etc)– Excess milk during wet season, no processing– Long calving interval– Short lactation

Beef production• Marketing– Unpredictability of the Sudan market– Defaulting of buyers– Meat processing plant not operational– Lack of proper market linkages and marketing groups – Lack of market information

• Input supply– Lack proper ration suppliers, extended fattening– Lack of appropriate breed (Lowlands)– Lack of private clinics (treatment, vaccination)

• Production– Lack of knowledge on appropriate fattening system– AI = dairy???

Poultry production• Marketing

– Traditional marketing system, no collective marketing – Low egg price

• Input– Lack of improved breeds– Lack of input shops (feed, vaccine)– Lack proper ration suppliers– Lack of value chain approach

• Production– Traditional management (housing, feeding, health care)– Few improved chicks distributed– Lack of value chain perspective by extensionists– Disease prevalence– High chick mortality

Small ruminants

• Marketing– Traditional marketing system– Access road problems during rainy seasons

• Input supply– Lack of improved breed/better local breeds– Low input fattening

• Production– Traditional fattening (not tethered, less supplementation)– Lack of protein rich feed resources in cereal based systems

• Limited forage species for frosty areas

– Poor technical support (out of 20 sheep only one survived)

Apiculture development• Marketing

– Less honey produced and no market problem– Poor trust of consumers in pure honey (adulteration)– farmers sell

comb honey

• Production– Low productivity– Expansion of irrigation

• Use of agrochemicals, expansion of chat production– Weak technical backstopping– No beehives in area closures– Bees absconding (sub standard hives, small sized wax sheet, wax

moth, etc) – Honey from frame hive harvested without centrifuge (while

centrifuges are stored in PA stores).

Apiculture continued….

• Input supply– Fake beeswax– Lack of input shops– Substandard (frame hives, small wax sheet, etc)

Cross cutting issues• Knowledge management

– Training at FTCs not practically supported– Insufficient equipment and reading materials for training in FTCs

• Manpower– High staff turnover– Weak regulatory activities

• Gender– No/few women focused activities

• Environment– Municipalities need to be aware of environmental problems due to

livestock (avoid/minimise smell, zoonotic diseases, river pollution)– Land degradation because of overgrazing

• Credit– Lack of credit

Proposed interventions• Dairy

– Use of context specific synchronisation (milk, butter)– Improve feed resources (inclusion of legumes, intercropping,

backyards, etc)– Organise platforms– Value chain perspective for all interventions needed– Promotion and support of private AI system, paravets– Collection centres at convenient sites– Support storing of feeds necessary for dairy in sufficient quantities– Encouragement the proliferation of private input suppliers – Inclusion of women in trainings– Encourage area closures_zero grazing

Interventions continued…• Beef

– Demonstration of short fattening_FTC_Volunteer farmers– Establishment of marketing groups– Introduce mechanical choppers (less labour and less burden on women)– Promotion of zero grazing– Promote private Vet and AI services (beef breed)– Support creation of paravets

Interventions continued…• Poultry

– Encourage community based vaccination systems – Encourage establishment of poultry feed suppliers– Establishing group/individual pullet/fertile egg production systems– Introducing small scale incubators– Characterisation of Dembia poultry breed???– Encourage women in poultry production

Interventions continued…• Apiculture

– Encourage existing honey shops to be input suppliers– Introduce beehives in area closures– Establish a platform between irrigated farm operators and beehive owners– Delineation of suitable areas for apiculture and irrigation development– Encourage farmer to farmer knowledge exchange– Appropriate and standard frame beehives – Use of genuine wax – Encourage farmers to supplement bees during feed shortage times

Interventions continued…• Small ruminants

– Encourage community based insurance schemes with fattening groups– Community animal health workers/paravets– Introduce local but better breeds (Washera, Bonga, Horo, etc).– Encourage intercropping of and legumes and cereals (oats_SW)– Introduce forages suitable to the agroecology– Creation of breeder and fatteners groups – Encourage establishment of feed supply shops

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Thank you