KAIRI HIGH SCHOOLCHEMISTRY FORM 1 HOLIDAY ASSIGNMENT 2021

INTRODUCTION TO CHEMISTRY

1. (a) Define the term matter. (b) Name the three states of matter. (c) State three properties of each state of matter.

2. (a) (i) Define the term mixture. (ii) Muddy water is a mixture of ________________ and

_______________ (b) State three methods that can be used to obtain clean water from

muddy water. 3. (a) ____________ are substances which conduct electricity while

____________ are substances which do not conduct electricity. (b) Name one non-metal which conducts electricity.

4. (a) What are drugs? (b) What do the following terms mean?

i) OTC drug ii) Prescription drugs iii) Drug abuse (c) State three effects of tobacco on a smoker.

(d) State four ways of preventing drug abuse. 5. (a) Define chemistry.

(b) State four roles of chemistry in society. (c) Name four careers where knowledge of chemistry is important.

6. A place where science experiments are done is called _____________. 7. Name three apparatus commonly used for heating in the laboratory. 8. The following diagram shows a Bunsen burner.

a) Name the parts labeled A – E. b) State the function of the parts labeled in (a) above?

9. Two students lit a Bunsen burner each. The diagrams bellow represent the flames which were formed. Use the diagrams to answer the questions that follow.

Page 1 of 12

a) Name Flame A and B. b) How can flame A be converted to flame B? c) When is it necessary to convert

i) Flame A to flame B? ii) Flame B to flame A? d) State four differences between flame A and B.

10. A cardboard was slipped into candle flame along XY and removed before it caught

fire

a) Draw the appearance of the cardboard after sometime if slipped through the flame as shown.

b) Which property of flame(A) is being investigated above?

11. a) Below are some of the apparatus used to measure volumes of liquid. Name them.

b) State the function of the following apparatus. i) Thermometer ii) Electronic balance iii) Stop watch

Page 2 of 12

12. Name the apparatus one can use to i) hold a test tube containing hot water. ii) direct kerosene into a bottle. iii) crush groundnuts

into fine powder. iv) scoop a small amount of sodium chloride from a container. v) protect the eyes from dangerous substances.

13. a) State five laboratory rules. (b) Give reasons why laboratory rules should be observed while in the

laboratory.

CLASSIFICATION OF SUBSTANCES14. A student set up apparatus as shown below to separate sand from

water.

a) Name the apparatus labelled A, B and C. b) Name the method of separation shown. c) Which name is given to the substance which

i) passes through B? ii) does not pass through B?

d) The method above is used to separate a___________ mixture. e) Name two other methods that can be used to separate mixtures

like the one in(d) above. 15. Below is a chromatogram. Study it and answer the questions that

follow.

A, B and C are suspected drugs. I, II and III are samples of urine from long distance runners. i) Which long distance runner had taken the suspected drug A? ii) Which suspected drugs were detected in the urine of the following

runners? I, II and III iii) Name the parts labeled X and Y.

Page 3 of 12

15. A student accidentally added water into kerosene. The mixture was poured into apparatus A below in order to separate them. Study the diagram and answer the questions that follow.

a) i) Name apparatus A. ii) Comment about the densities of water and kerosene.

iii) Name two other liquids which can be separated using the method. b) A farmer drained milk through a clean piece of cloth to remove foreign particles from it. This method is known as _______________ 16. Study the diagram below then answer the questions that follow.

a) Name the apparatus labeled A-C. b) Name the method of separation above. c) What is the function of:

i) cold water? Ii) source of heat? d) Name the process which led to the formation of water droplets. e) How is separation achieved in the above set up? f) Salt solution contains water and salt. Salt is the _________ while water is

the ________________ g) The method above is used to separate a __________from a _________

17. A student set up apparatus as shown in the diagram that follows to collect pure water from salt water. Study it and answer the questions.

Page 4 of 12

a) Name the process used to purify salty water above.

b) Name liquid X.

c) Why is this method very expensive if used to purify sea water?

18. Water mixes with alcohol but does not mix with paraffin. Water and alcohol are ________ liquids. Water and paraffin are ______liquids.

19. The set-up below was used to separate a mixture of two liquids.

a) What is the name given to this process?

b) State the most important condition necessary for separation to occur?

c) State the roles of the thermometer.

d) What conclusion can you make about the distillate?

e) Comment on ‘water in’ and ‘water out’ on the ………..condenser. Page 5 of 12

20. A mixture of water and alcohol was separated using the apparatus below.

a) Name the parts labeled A-E and state their functions. b) On the diagram, indicate ‘water in’ and ‘water out’ c) i) Which liquid was collected first in container E?

ii) Explain your answer in(c) i above d) State the reason why apparatus B should be slanting and not horizontal. e) What name is given to this method of separation? f) Differentiate between this method and simple distillation.

21. A student set-up apparatus as shown in the diagram below to separate components of ink.

a) i) The method used above is known as ____________

ii) Different components move across the filter paper at different rates. The filter paper acts as the ___________________material.

iii) The liquid added to the dry drop of ink to dissolve it is known as Page 6 of 12

_______________ iv) Three examples of the liquids used in(a) iii, above are__________

b) The diagram below shows the appearance of the filter paper after the experiment.

i) What is the name given to the figure? ii) Name the parts labeled A and B. iii) Name the most soluble dye from the figure.

22. A student crushed green leaves using a mortar and pestle, then spotted the liquid extracted on a strip of filter paper, then suspended it in a boiling tube containing solvent X as shown below.

a) Given that the mixture contained three dyes, make a sketch of how the filter paper will look like.

b) On the diagram in(a) above, indicate (i) baseline (ii) solvent front 23. Study the diagram below which was used to extract dye from leaves.

a) Name the parts labelled A and B. b) What is the function of ethanol in this experiment? c) Explain how dye is obtained from the mixture. d) This method is known as _____________________ 24. Define the

following terms. a) Saturated solution b) Crystals c) Crystallisation

25. a) A student placed pieces of candle was on a spatula and heated it. i) State the expected observations.

Page 7 of 12

III V IV VI

IName the processes I-VI

Solid GasLiquid

ii) What observations would the student make if he or she stopped heating?

iii) Which type of change is this? Give a reason for your answer.

b) Another student burnt a piece of paper. Which type of change is this? Give a reason for your answer.

c) State three differences between the two types of changes described in a)iii and b) above.

26. A student heated crystals of hydrated copper(II) sulphate in a test tube. a) State and explain the observations. b) Classify the above change either as physical or chemical change.

Give a reason for your answer. c) Name another substance that undergoes a similar change as

copper(II) sulphate. d) Explain what would be observed if water was added to the residue

obtained. 27. Dry ice changes from solid to gas.

a) What is the name given to this process? b) Give examples of two other substances that undergo this process.

28. The diagrams below represent the three types of matter.

a) Which state of matter is represented buy I, II and III. b) In which state above can be particles be.

i) compressed most? ii) compressed least? iii) moved easily on a flat surface?

29. Study the flowchart below then answer the questions that follow. II

heat 30. Solid Liquid

wax wax

a) When wax is heated it changes to liquid. i) What name is given to this type of change?

Page 8 of 12

ii) The temperature at which this change takes place is known as______ iii) If sodium chloride is added to the wax, what effect will it have on the temperature at which the observation takes place? Explain.

b) When alcohol is heated, it changes to gas at 78oC. i) What is the name given to this temperature? ii) What will happen to this temperature if an impurity like

salt is added to ethanol? Explain. 31. A student placed pieces of ice in a beaker and heated the beaker while

recording the temperature.

a) Apparatus X was used to record the temperature. What is its name?

b) Which two other apparatus could the student use for heating if he did not have a Bunsen burner?

c) The student drew a graph of the temperature readings against time as follows.

i) Name the processes taking place between; II and III, IV and V ii) Account for the shape of the graph.

31. Define the following terms: a) Element b)Compound c) Mixture

32. Identify the following substances as mixture, compound or element. a) Sand in water b) Maize and beans c) Ink d) Common salt e) Antacid tablets f) Soap

Page 9 of 12

g) Oxygen h) Carbon i) water j) Magadi soda

33. A student mixed iron filings with sulphur powder in a watch glass. The mixture was heated and a new substance was formed.

Page 10 of 12

a) Is this a physical or chemical change? b) Give two reasons to support your answer in (a) above. c) What name is given to the substance formed after heating sulphur

and iron together? d) If iron is down into small pieces there comes a point when it

cannot be cut further. What is the name of the smallest particle that still retains the properties of iron?

34. Complete the table below by filling the blanks. Substance(compound) Elements in compound

a) ____________________________ Hydrogen and oxygen b) Carbon(IV) oxide Carbon and _____________________ c) ___________________________ Oxygen, sulphur and copper d) Magnesium chloride ______________and ________________

35. a) ___________is the smallest particle of an element which retains the properties of the element. b) ______________is the smallest particle of an element or compound

which can exist in free and separate state. c) _________is a substance made of two or more elements which are

combined together chemically. 36. Examine the diagrams below.

+ + +

a) If the and represent atoms of two different elements. What does the following represent?

i) ii) iii) iv) 37. a) Complete the table below.

Element Chemical symbol i. Oxygen ii. Carbon iii. Hydrogen iv. Magnesium v. Sodium vi. copper b) Which substances are represented by the symbols below?

i) K, Pb, Fe, Ag, S 38. a) Complete the word equations below.

11 of 12

i) Hydrogen + oxygen ii) Carbon + oxygen iii) Iron + sulphur b) What do these signs mean in chemical equations?

i) (+) ii) ( ) Page

12 of 12