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Kako poboljšati stopu darivanja organa? Prof dr. sc. Željko Župan, dr. med. NEFROLOGIJA 2018 Tešanj,18. 10. 2018.
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Page 1: Kako poboljšati stopu darivanja...2014 and 2015 World Health Assembly: ... The Spanish model also makes it a priority to identify donation opportunities not only in intensive care

Kako poboljšati stopu darivanja

organa?

Prof dr. sc. Željko Župan, dr. med.

NEFROLOGIJA 2018

Tešanj,18. 10. 2018.

Page 2: Kako poboljšati stopu darivanja...2014 and 2015 World Health Assembly: ... The Spanish model also makes it a priority to identify donation opportunities not only in intensive care
Page 3: Kako poboljšati stopu darivanja...2014 and 2015 World Health Assembly: ... The Spanish model also makes it a priority to identify donation opportunities not only in intensive care

Padova April 2008 3.

Each day, 18 European (BiH.....?) citizens die whilst

waiting for a suitable organ transplant, that’s almost

6,800 people on a yearly basis*

* 6702 deaths on the waiting list in 2015, Council of Europe data 2017

"Bring back hope to the patients on the waiting list"

Council of Europe 2017

Page 4: Kako poboljšati stopu darivanja...2014 and 2015 World Health Assembly: ... The Spanish model also makes it a priority to identify donation opportunities not only in intensive care
Page 5: Kako poboljšati stopu darivanja...2014 and 2015 World Health Assembly: ... The Spanish model also makes it a priority to identify donation opportunities not only in intensive care

2014 and 2015

World Health Assembly:

... with spetial attention to maximizing donation from deceased donors; 75 country have DDPsThe Madrid Resolution - Third WHO Global Consultation on Organ Donation

and Transplantation (2010):

...to achive self-sufficiency in organ donation and transplantation (>20 donora pmp)

Page 6: Kako poboljšati stopu darivanja...2014 and 2015 World Health Assembly: ... The Spanish model also makes it a priority to identify donation opportunities not only in intensive care

40,2

40,2

31,8

31,6

25,7

25,5

23,8

16,8

15,5

14,9

10,9

10,9

STOPA AKTUALNIH UMRLIH

DARIVATELJA ORGANA U SVIJETU 2015.

BROJ REALIZIRANIH DONORA/1 MILION STANOVNIKA/pmp

NEWSLETTER TRANSPLANT 2016

International figures on donation and transplantation 2016

EDQM 2016 vol. 21

BiH 1-2

Page 7: Kako poboljšati stopu darivanja...2014 and 2015 World Health Assembly: ... The Spanish model also makes it a priority to identify donation opportunities not only in intensive care

Podatci Ministarstva zdravlja RH, siječanj 2017. godine

Eurotransplant Annual Report, January, 2017

STOPA DARIVANJA

na 1 mil. stanovnika/pmp

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

2001. 2002. 2003. 2004. 2005. 2006. 2007. 2008. 2009. 2010. 2011. 2012. 2013. 2014. 2015. 2016.

13,013,7

7,2

REALIZIRANI

DONORI

33,5

34,5

28,7

17,1

34,034,3

193% ili 2,9 x

2006. – 2016.

17,7

40,2

STOPA DARIVANJA ORGANA

U RH

9,010,2

13,39,2

36,2

Page 8: Kako poboljšati stopu darivanja...2014 and 2015 World Health Assembly: ... The Spanish model also makes it a priority to identify donation opportunities not only in intensive care

HRVATSKA - broj transplantacija na 1 mil.stan./god. bubrezi: 53.7 p.m.p jetra: 29.7 p.m.p srce: 10.2 p.m.p gušterača: 1.9 p.m.p

transplantacijska stopa: 93.2 p.m.p

Page 9: Kako poboljšati stopu darivanja...2014 and 2015 World Health Assembly: ... The Spanish model also makes it a priority to identify donation opportunities not only in intensive care
Page 10: Kako poboljšati stopu darivanja...2014 and 2015 World Health Assembly: ... The Spanish model also makes it a priority to identify donation opportunities not only in intensive care
Page 11: Kako poboljšati stopu darivanja...2014 and 2015 World Health Assembly: ... The Spanish model also makes it a priority to identify donation opportunities not only in intensive care
Page 12: Kako poboljšati stopu darivanja...2014 and 2015 World Health Assembly: ... The Spanish model also makes it a priority to identify donation opportunities not only in intensive care

Opt-out policies on their own are unlikely to sufficiently boost organ donation rates.

The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Vol 2 April 2017

Page 13: Kako poboljšati stopu darivanja...2014 and 2015 World Health Assembly: ... The Spanish model also makes it a priority to identify donation opportunities not only in intensive care

• Na temelju članka 88. Ustava Republike Hrvatske, donosim

ODLUKU O PROGLAŠENJU ZAKONA O UZIMANJU I PRESAĐIVANJU DIJELOVA

LJUDSKOG TIJELA U SVRHU LIJEČENJA

Proglašavam Zakon o uzimanju i presađivanju dijelova ljudskog tijela u svrhu liječenja,

koji je donio Hrvatski sabor na sjednici 3. prosinca 2004. godine.

Broj: 01-081-04-3747/2

Zagreb, 10. prosinca 2004.

Predsjednik

Republike Hrvatske

Stjepan Mesić, v. r.

• Promjene legislative

• Promocijske kampanje

• Registri donora

• Vozačka dozvola&donacija

• Ostali načini promocijen

„KLASIČNE MJERE" ZA POBOLJŠANJE

DONIRANJA

Page 14: Kako poboljšati stopu darivanja...2014 and 2015 World Health Assembly: ... The Spanish model also makes it a priority to identify donation opportunities not only in intensive care

to American Journal of transplantation, 2017

Page 15: Kako poboljšati stopu darivanja...2014 and 2015 World Health Assembly: ... The Spanish model also makes it a priority to identify donation opportunities not only in intensive care

Rafael Matesanz, Beatriz Domínguez-Gil, Elisabeth Coll and all. How Spain reached 40

deceased organ donors per million population.

American Journal of Transplantation; Published Online: January 9, 2017 (DOI: 10.1111/ajt.14104).

Lead author Rafael Matesanz, MD, PhD, who is the director of ONT, highlighted that

“good organization in the process of deceased donation and continuous adaptations of

the system to changes are always the basis of successful results in organ donation”.

Page 16: Kako poboljšati stopu darivanja...2014 and 2015 World Health Assembly: ... The Spanish model also makes it a priority to identify donation opportunities not only in intensive care

The so-called Spanish model relies on the designation of appropriate

professionals (mostly intensive care doctors) to make donation

happen when a patient dies in conditions that allow organ

donation. These professionals are supported in their work by ONT and

regional coordination offices.

The Spanish model also makes it a priority to identify donation

opportunities not only in intensive care units, but also in emergency

departments and hospital wards.

“The most important success is that the system has made organ

donation be routinely considered when a patient dies, regardless of

the circumstances of death,” said ONT’s Beatriz Domínguez-Gil, MD,

PhD, co-author of the article highlighting the Spanish Model’s impact.

“Professionals attending to these patients in our country consider that, in

caring for patients at the end of their lives, it is their duty to

systematically explore their wishes with regards to donating

organs upon their death.”

Furthermore, the model has considered donation after circulatory death.

Page 17: Kako poboljšati stopu darivanja...2014 and 2015 World Health Assembly: ... The Spanish model also makes it a priority to identify donation opportunities not only in intensive care

Hrvatski model

ZAVOD ZA

TRANSPLANTACIJU I

MEDICINU PRI MZ

• Adekvatna legalna, zdravstvena i

tehnička podloga

---------------------------------------

• Mreža donorskih koordinatora

• Specifičan stručni profil

koordinatora (uglavnom intenzivisti

> 90%), rade u bolnicama

• Adekvatan klinički pristup i

optimalna skrb bolesnika te

potencijalnih i aktualnih donora

• Centralni ured – potporna Agencija

• Kontinuirana revizija potencijalnih

donora

• Velik napor u adekvatnoj edukaciji

• Puno pažnje prema javnim medijima

• Bolnička financijska nadoknada

„TEMELJNI PRINCIPI” HRVATSKOG MODELA

DARIVANJA ORGANA & TRANSPLANTACIJE

SVE TOČKE ZAJEDNO !!!

Page 18: Kako poboljšati stopu darivanja...2014 and 2015 World Health Assembly: ... The Spanish model also makes it a priority to identify donation opportunities not only in intensive care

USMJERENI, KONCENTRIRANI I ORGANIZIRANI NAPORI

U SVAKODNEVNOJ KLINIČKOJ PRAKSI NEOPHODNI SU DA BI SE UČINILE

ZNAČAJNE PROMJENE!!!

KLJUČNI NEZAKONSKI, NEFINANCIJSKI ....

FAKTORI?

Page 19: Kako poboljšati stopu darivanja...2014 and 2015 World Health Assembly: ... The Spanish model also makes it a priority to identify donation opportunities not only in intensive care

Bušić M. Organ donation and transplantation - “Croatian model”. Medix 2011;144-49.

Župan Ž. The proposed 2011-2016 national strategy for timely and optimal management of organ

and tissue donors. Medix 2011;149-55.

Action plan for improvement of the organ donation in Croatia from 2011 to 2016.

PROMJENE KLINIČKE PRAKSE?

Rano prepoznavanje, dojava te praćenje

(jednostavan “klinički alat” za prepoznavanje):

- bolesnika visokog rizika za razvoj smrti mozga

- potencijalnih donora

Prihvaćanje i implementacija standardiziranog,

optimalnog zbrinjavanja bolesnika te potencijalnih i

aktualnih donora, „goal-directed” optimizacija donora

Pravovremeno utvrđivanje smrti mozga sukladno

mediko-legalnim standardima

Planiran pristup obitelji

Darivanje organa iz proširenih kriterija

Page 20: Kako poboljšati stopu darivanja...2014 and 2015 World Health Assembly: ... The Spanish model also makes it a priority to identify donation opportunities not only in intensive care

PUT K DONACIJI ORGANA!

TEŠKO OŠTEĆENJEMOZGA

NEPOVRATANGUBITAK

AKTIVNOSTI MOZGA

OSJETLJIVO RAZDOBLJE

Satima ili danima u trajanju

Patofiziološke promjene povezane s oštećenjem ili

ozljedom mozga

Ekscesivna antiedematozna terapija, SIRS, Sepsa

Cirkulacijski arest i cirkulacijska smrt

Organska disfunkcija – višeorgansko zatajivanje

Page 21: Kako poboljšati stopu darivanja...2014 and 2015 World Health Assembly: ... The Spanish model also makes it a priority to identify donation opportunities not only in intensive care

Fiziološke promjene udružene s razvojem smrti mozga

„Gol-directed” ili „Aggressive Donor Management”

TEŠKO OŠTEĆENJEMOZGA

NEPOVRATANGUBITAK

FUNKCIJA MOZGA

OSJETLJIVO RAZDOBLJE

USTEZANJESKRBI-WLST

SMRT NEUROLOŠKIM KRITERIJIMA

OSJETLJIVO RAZDOBLJE

TOPLA ISHEMIJA

PUT K DONACIJI ORGANA!

Page 22: Kako poboljšati stopu darivanja...2014 and 2015 World Health Assembly: ... The Spanish model also makes it a priority to identify donation opportunities not only in intensive care

Beatriz Domingez-Gill, Paul Murphy, Francesco Procaccio

Page 23: Kako poboljšati stopu darivanja...2014 and 2015 World Health Assembly: ... The Spanish model also makes it a priority to identify donation opportunities not only in intensive care

Motiviran, posvećen, velik radni kapacitet

Dobar odgovor na pritisak i stres

Kapacitet za brz odgovor na

probleme (problem-solving capacity)

Znanje, kompetetnost, klinički autoritet

Prilagodljivost, kreativnost, kapacitet za

improvizaciju

Leadership sposobnosti

Komunikacijske vještine, dobar kapacitet

za odnose i empatiju

VJEŠTINE TRANSPLANTACIJSKOG

(DONORSKOG) KOORDINATORA

Page 24: Kako poboljšati stopu darivanja...2014 and 2015 World Health Assembly: ... The Spanish model also makes it a priority to identify donation opportunities not only in intensive care

• Površina: 3588 km2 / 6,3% površine RH (56542 km2)

• Broj stanovnika: 291 694 / 6,5% stanovnika, RH (4171000)

• Naseljenost: 82,5/km2 stanovnika / u RH 75,8/km2

• Rijeka: 121 190 (2015.) stanovnika

PRIMORSKO GORANSKA ŽUPANIJA

I KBC RIJEKA

Page 25: Kako poboljšati stopu darivanja...2014 and 2015 World Health Assembly: ... The Spanish model also makes it a priority to identify donation opportunities not only in intensive care

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

2010. 2011. 2012. 2013. 2014. 2015. 2016.

KBC RIJEKA

KBC ZAGREB

KBC SPLIT

KBC SESTREMILOSRDNICE

KBC OSIJEK

OB VARAŽDIN

KB DUBRAVA

REALIZIRANI DARIVATELJI ORGANA

U HRVATSKOJ od 2010. do 2016.BROJ REALIZIRANIH

DONORA ORGANA

Page 26: Kako poboljšati stopu darivanja...2014 and 2015 World Health Assembly: ... The Spanish model also makes it a priority to identify donation opportunities not only in intensive care

KBC RIJEKA

DONIRANJE ORGANA OD UMRLIH OSOBA

2011.2010.2009.2008.2007. 2012.

25

21

1916

13

8

33

2013. 2014.

33

31

2015.

donor conversion rate: ~ 50% ~ 80% >90%

Page 27: Kako poboljšati stopu darivanja...2014 and 2015 World Health Assembly: ... The Spanish model also makes it a priority to identify donation opportunities not only in intensive care

34,5 33,6 34,3

87

110 110

3,6 X 3,6 X

2,5 X

3428,7

6470

1,9 X 2,4 X 103

2,6 X

pmp

16,5% 13% 18% 24% 23% 18,5%

udio (%) donora iz KBC Rijeka u ukupnom broju donora u RH

REGIONALNA (KBC RIJEKA) vs. REPUBLIČKA

STOPA DONORA od 2010. do 2015.

Page 28: Kako poboljšati stopu darivanja...2014 and 2015 World Health Assembly: ... The Spanish model also makes it a priority to identify donation opportunities not only in intensive care
Page 29: Kako poboljšati stopu darivanja...2014 and 2015 World Health Assembly: ... The Spanish model also makes it a priority to identify donation opportunities not only in intensive care

BROJ TRANSPLANTIRANIH ORGANA

PO DONORU U KBC RIJEKA vs. RH u 2015.

Podatci Ministarstva zdravlja Republike Hrvatske i KBC Rijeka, siječanj 2016.

169 donora, sr. dob 57 god.

2,87 ± 3,2 organa transplantirano

po donoru

31 donor, sr. dob 56,3 god.

3,48 ± 2,6 organa transplantirano

po donoru

Page 30: Kako poboljšati stopu darivanja...2014 and 2015 World Health Assembly: ... The Spanish model also makes it a priority to identify donation opportunities not only in intensive care

0

4

8

12

16

20

24

28

32

0-10

10-2

0

20-3

0

30-4

0

40-5

0

50-6

0

60-7

0

70-8

0

80-9

0

RASPODJELA DONORA PO

DOBI/raspon godina

DOB DONORA U KBC RIJEKA

od 2011. do 2015. B

RO

J D

ON

OR

A

DOB DONORA, ukupno 141 donor - srednje dobi = 55,3 vs. 56,8 godina u RH

- najmlađi darivatelj = 17 dana beba

- najstariji darivatelj = 86 godina

Page 31: Kako poboljšati stopu darivanja...2014 and 2015 World Health Assembly: ... The Spanish model also makes it a priority to identify donation opportunities not only in intensive care

STOPA PROTIVLJENJA OBITELJI

NEPRISTANAK OBITELJI

UKUPAN BROJ DONORA

Podaci Ministarstva Zdravstva RH i KBC Rijeka, siječanj 2018.

HRVATSKA: 2011.- 2017.

KBC RIJEKA: 2011. - 2017.

195 potencijalni donor

97,2% neodbijanje

6 odbijanja obitelji 3,1%

1105 potencijalni donori

79% neodbijanje

253 donora

21% protivljenje

Page 32: Kako poboljšati stopu darivanja...2014 and 2015 World Health Assembly: ... The Spanish model also makes it a priority to identify donation opportunities not only in intensive care

ORGANI/

TKIVA2011. 2012. 2013. 2014. 2015. UKUPNO

JETRA 18 25 31 30 30 134

BUBREZI 37 48 56 56 60 257

PLUĆA 3 6 10 10 11 40

SRCE 3 9 10 9 7 38

GUŠTERAČA 1 3 5 1 1 11

UKUPNO 62 91 112 106 109 480

BROJ TRANSPLANTIRANIH SOLIDNIH ORGANA

DONIRAN U KBC RIJEKA OD 2011. - 2015.

Podaci Ministarstva zdravlja Republike Hrvatske i KBC Rijeka, siječanj 2016.

Page 33: Kako poboljšati stopu darivanja...2014 and 2015 World Health Assembly: ... The Spanish model also makes it a priority to identify donation opportunities not only in intensive care

ZAKLJUČCI

Nedostatak organa za transplantacijsko liječenje predstavlja

vrlo bitan javno-društveni problem u nizu zemalja svijeta te

daleko nadmašuje okvire zdravstvenog sustava.

Visoko motivirani transplantacijski koordinatori i angažirani intenzivisti

ključan su faktor uspješnog bolničkog modela darivanja organa

od umrlih osoba.

Organizacijski model, legislativa te svijest javnosti neophodan su

okvir, ali sveobuhvatan proaktivan pristup darivanju organa unutar

bolnica presudan je za osiguranje adekvatnog broja

organa za transplantaciju.

Page 34: Kako poboljšati stopu darivanja...2014 and 2015 World Health Assembly: ... The Spanish model also makes it a priority to identify donation opportunities not only in intensive care

DONIRANJE ORGANAŽIVOT NA DAR


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