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Uses copyright to enforce sharing

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OER: The 4R PermissionsSharing and creativity are inherent in OER:

•Use the content in its unaltered form

Reuse

•Adapt, adjust, modify, improve, or alter the content

Revise

•Combine the original or revised content with other OER to create something new

Remix

•Share copies of the original content, revisions or remixes with others

Redistribute

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Open ≠ Digital

Open ≠ Free

OPEN

DIGITALFREE

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Two Sides of Open

Gratis: Free as in “free beer”Enables affordability

Libre: Free as in “free speech”Enables collaboration, adaptability

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Open LicensesCreative Commons

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Open LicensesCreative Commons

The Universal Donor

Can be remixed into content of any other license

The more restrictive license takes over

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Open LicensesCreative Commons

Forced Openness

Any remix must be kept under the same license

CC-BY can be mixed in, but not NC licensed materials

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Open LicensesCreative Commons

No Money-Grubbing Hands Allowed

Prohibits “commercial use”

Can be remixed into any material that is also NC

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Open LicensesCreative Commons

Non-commercial and you better share

Prohibits “commercial use”

Requires any remix be kept under the same license

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Not Really Open LicensesCreative Commons

No Derivatives = No changes

What use is that?

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Free But Not OpenAny web page you link to

Any video you embed (if allowed under terms of use)

Free-ish But Not OpenArticles commonly available through library

database

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Open but not Creative Commons

Public Domain

Copyright-expired works

Government websites

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Considerations

License Freedoms

Printability

Practical Remixability

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Activity Time!

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You decide to include your own lecture notes in the course.

This is OK: You are the copyright holder. A copyright holder can do anything they want with their work.

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You decide to include a PDF of a journal article from Nature in the course.

This is not OK: You are providing access to a copyrighted work.

Citing some passages as part of a critique or review would be fine

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You want to post a link to an article on the Forbes.com website.

Linking to a work provided online by the copyright holder is always OK.

The downside is that if Forbes removes the article or changes the URL, you lose access.

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You want to include a PDF of a chapter from your current textbook in the course.

This is not OK: The copyrighted material is readily available for purchase, and by posting it online, you’re affecting the market for that product.

This is not allowed ever, even under Fair Use. This is piracy.

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You did a Google search, and found another site that has a PDF of a chapter from a Pearson textbook. You want to post a link to that site in your course.

This is still not OK: Just because someone else facilitated the piracy does not make it legal. This is the same reason that it’s illegal to download music and movies that someone posted online.

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You want to include a PDF of a CC-BY-NC licensed textbook in the course.

This is OK: By adding a Creative Commons license, the copyright holder has explicitly allowed you to redistribute the work.

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You find a great website that a teacher at another school put up with their lecture notes. The website says the materials are free for education use. You want to include a copy in your course.

This is gray zone, but probably not OK: Saying that the materials are free for educational use does not necessarily allow redistributing. Some folks would not allow it, especially if their website includes advertisements. It would be best to contact the author (and suggest they use a CC license).

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You want to use some assessment questions in the course that came in a test bank you got with an old textbook.

This is not OK: The test bank is copyrighted material.

The exception is questions that are so generic no-one could possibly claim them as unique, like “What element is represented by the symbol Fe?”

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You want to embed a video from YouTube in your course.

This is OK, since YouTube’s Terms of Use explicitly allow it.

Like a link, you risk the video disappearing.

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This is fine. You are revising and redistributing each chapter, as allowed. You are not mixing them.

You want to include in your course:1) a chapter from a CC Attribution-ShareAlike (BY-

SA) licensed book and 2) a few sections of a chapter from a CC Attribution-

ShareAlike-NonCommercial (BY-SA-NC) licensed book.

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An instructor decides to make some edits to a chapter from a CC Attribution (BY) licensed book. She adds some additional original content, and revises some of the language.

This is revising, and is fully allowed. Because of the permissions of the BY license, she course make her revised work available under almost any license: fully restricted, CC-BY, CC-BY-SA, CC-BY-NC, CC-BY-SA-NC, etc.

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An instructor wants to spice up their lecture notes by add into it an image from Wikipedia that is CC Attribution-ShareAlike (BY-SA) licensed.

This is remixing, and is permissible. Since the Wikipedia image has a ShareAlike license, the resulting document must also be released under the same Attribution-ShareAlike license.

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An instructor decides to make some edits to a chapter from a CC Attribution-ShareAlike-NonCommercial (BY-SA-NC) licensed book. She adds some additional original content, and revises some of the language.

This is revising, and is fully allowed. Because the original work had a ShareAlike license, she would be required to keep the same license on her revised version.

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An instructor wants to use a chapter from a CC Attribution-ShareAlike-NonCommercial (BY-SA-NC) licensed book in their course, but wants to add into it an image from Wikipedia that is CC Attribution-ShareAlike (BY-SA) licensed and an image they found on Flickr that is CC Attribution (BY) licensed.

This is remixing. Using the Flickr image is fine with attribution, since the BY license allows remixing with any other license.

Using the Wikipedia image is not ok, since both the SA licenses require any remix to keep the same license.

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An instructor decides to make a Creative Commons licensed book more engaging by embedding YouTube videos directly into the text materials.

This is revising of the book, and is fully allowed. YouTube’s terms of use allow embedding of their content into other pages.

The downside is that the video may disappear from YouTube at some point. Unless the video is CC licensed, we can’t make a backup copy and host it ourselves in the LMS.