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Kanban Introduction (Annotated)

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Page 1: Kanban Introduction (Annotated)

Kanban

Page 3: Kanban Introduction (Annotated)

kanban systemsWIP (Work In Progress) limited pull system.

Page 4: Kanban Introduction (Annotated)

kanban systemsWIP (Work In Progress) limited pull system.

Toyota knew they couldn’t (and didn’t want to) build cars in the same mass production way that Ford and GM did.

Page 5: Kanban Introduction (Annotated)

kanban systemsWIP (Work In Progress) limited pull system.

Taiichi Ohno pioneered the use of kanban systems at

Toyota as a way of providing a Just in Time capability. This is

the basis for Toyota’s approach to building cars at

the rate of demand.

Toyota knew they couldn’t (and didn’t want to) build cars in the same mass production way that Ford and GM did.

Page 6: Kanban Introduction (Annotated)

kanban systemsWIP (Work In Progress) limited pull system.

Taiichi Ohno pioneered the use of kanban systems at

Toyota as a way of providing a Just in Time capability. This is

the basis for Toyota’s approach to building cars at

the rate of demand.

The inspiration for kanban came from supermarkets that

were becoming popular in Japan in the early 50’s.

Toyota knew they couldn’t (and didn’t want to) build cars in the same mass production way that Ford and GM did.

Page 7: Kanban Introduction (Annotated)
Page 8: Kanban Introduction (Annotated)
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Shelf (WIP)

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Shelf (WIP)

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Shelf (WIP)

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Shelf (WIP)

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Shelf (WIP)

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Shelf (WIP)

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Shelf (WIP)

Page 17: Kanban Introduction (Annotated)

Back store (Buffer)Shelf (WIP)

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Back store (Buffer)Shelf (WIP)

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Back store (Buffer)Shelf (WIP)

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Back store (Buffer)Shelf (WIP)

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Back store (Buffer)Shelf (WIP)

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Back store (Buffer)Shelf (WIP)

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Back store (Buffer)Shelf (WIP)

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Back store (Buffer)

} Buffer

Shelf (WIP)

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Back store (Buffer)

} Buffer

Shelf (WIP)

Page 26: Kanban Introduction (Annotated)

Back store (Buffer)

} Buffer

Shelf (WIP)

Page 27: Kanban Introduction (Annotated)

The Kanban Method

stop starting, start finishing

Page 28: Kanban Introduction (Annotated)
Page 29: Kanban Introduction (Annotated)

David J AndersonBorn in Edinburgh raised in Saltcoats

Page 30: Kanban Introduction (Annotated)

David J AndersonBorn in Edinburgh raised in Saltcoats

Frustrated with resistance to change he found when trying to help teams

adopt Agile methods David decided to pursue a different approach to help software development organisations

improve.

Page 31: Kanban Introduction (Annotated)

Microsoft XITWorst to Best in 9 months

http://www.agilemanagement.net/AMPDFArchive/From_Worst_to_Best_in_9_Months_Final_1_3.pdf

Page 32: Kanban Introduction (Annotated)

Microsoft XITWorst to Best in 9 months

http://www.agilemanagement.net/AMPDFArchive/From_Worst_to_Best_in_9_Months_Final_1_3.pdf

DJA was asked to help the XIT team who were considered one of the worst in there business unit in

2004.

Page 33: Kanban Introduction (Annotated)

Microsoft XITWorst to Best in 9 months

http://www.agilemanagement.net/AMPDFArchive/From_Worst_to_Best_in_9_Months_Final_1_3.pdf

DJA was asked to help the XIT team who were considered one of the worst in there business unit in

2004.

The backlog of work was exceeding capacity 5 times and it was growing every month.

Page 34: Kanban Introduction (Annotated)

Microsoft XITWorst to Best in 9 months

http://www.agilemanagement.net/AMPDFArchive/From_Worst_to_Best_in_9_Months_Final_1_3.pdf

DJA was asked to help the XIT team who were considered one of the worst in there business unit in

2004.

The backlog of work was exceeding capacity 5 times and it was growing every month.

DJA helped introduce a WIP limited pull system to change

how work was queued.

Page 35: Kanban Introduction (Annotated)

Microsoft XITWorst to Best in 9 months

http://www.agilemanagement.net/AMPDFArchive/From_Worst_to_Best_in_9_Months_Final_1_3.pdf

DJA was asked to help the XIT team who were considered one of the worst in there business unit in

2004.

The backlog of work was exceeding capacity 5 times and it was growing every month.

“With no new resources, no changes to how the team performed software engineering tasks like design, coding and testing, the changes to how the work was queued and estimated resulted in a 155% productivity gain in 9 months. The lead time was reduced to a maximum of 5

weeks – typically 14 days. Due date performance improved to greater than 90%. The backlog was worked

off and the department is no longer seen as an organizational constraint. Customers are delighted.”

DJA helped introduce a WIP limited pull system to change

how work was queued.

Page 36: Kanban Introduction (Annotated)

Corbis IT Way

Page 37: Kanban Introduction (Annotated)

Corbis IT Way

During his time at Corbis the majority of what is now the Kanban Method emerged.

Page 38: Kanban Introduction (Annotated)

There is no Kanban Software Development Process or

Kanban Project Management Method

Page 39: Kanban Introduction (Annotated)

There is no Kanban Software Development Process or

Kanban Project Management Method

Before we go any further, lets make this clear...

Page 40: Kanban Introduction (Annotated)

There is no Kanban Software Development Process or

Kanban Project Management Method

Before we go any further, lets make this clear...

... you apply Kanban to what you do now. Torbjörn

Gyllebring calls it Andban

Page 41: Kanban Introduction (Annotated)

It helps in 3 ways:

• The Sustainability way

• The Service Oriented way

• The Survivability way

Page 42: Kanban Introduction (Annotated)

Sustainability

• Helps you understand your capability which helps you better balance the demand.

• By understanding what we can do helps us work at a sustainable pace

• Helps us focus on reducing non-value-added demand (failure demand... aka bugs)

• By being predictable it can helps us reduce disruptive expediting

Page 43: Kanban Introduction (Annotated)

Service Orientated

• Improve service delivery by taking variability out of the process

• By reducing work in progress we spend less time multi tasking and this helps us improve predictability and lead times

• Scale Kanban in an organisation by scaling it out in a service-oriented fashion

Page 44: Kanban Introduction (Annotated)

Survivability

• By limiting WIP and managing flow kanban systems help provoke change.

• Kanban Method can also help create a catalyst for evolutionary change and in turn help to create a culture of continuous improvement.

Page 45: Kanban Introduction (Annotated)

principles

Page 46: Kanban Introduction (Annotated)

principles

Kanban is based on four principles, they are...

Page 47: Kanban Introduction (Annotated)
Page 48: Kanban Introduction (Annotated)

start with what you do now

Page 49: Kanban Introduction (Annotated)

start with what you do now

agree to purse incremental and evolutionary change

Page 50: Kanban Introduction (Annotated)

start with what you do now

agree to purse incremental and evolutionary change

initially, respect current roles, responsibilities & job titles

Page 51: Kanban Introduction (Annotated)

start with what you do now

agree to purse incremental and evolutionary change

initially, respect current roles, responsibilities & job titles

encourage acts of leadership at all levels

Page 52: Kanban Introduction (Annotated)
Page 53: Kanban Introduction (Annotated)

Here’s a simple example Start where you are and deeply understanding how our work

works.

Page 54: Kanban Introduction (Annotated)

Here’s a simple example Start where you are and deeply understanding how our work

works.

Ask yourself:Who are our customers?What do they ask us for?

What do we do to the requests?And where do they go when you are finished with them?

Page 55: Kanban Introduction (Annotated)

practices

Page 56: Kanban Introduction (Annotated)

practices

Kanban has 6 practices...

Page 57: Kanban Introduction (Annotated)

visualise

Page 58: Kanban Introduction (Annotated)

Demand Analysis Development Test Released

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Reason

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Page 59: Kanban Introduction (Annotated)

Demand Analysis Development Test Released

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Reason

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We can see the workflowwhat work is where in the workflowwhat kind of work there is (colours)

who is working on what what is blockedand much more...

Page 60: Kanban Introduction (Annotated)

Ability to search by product

Due: 09/06Start: 07/06End: 08/06

2146767

Cust: ChrisBA: MikeDev: LizQA: Brian

Type: Feature

Digital tracking number

Tracking dates

Contacts

Work item type- Bug

- Feature- Non Functional

- etc

Standard - Fixed Date - Expediteor whatever suits

Page 61: Kanban Introduction (Annotated)
Page 62: Kanban Introduction (Annotated)

What can you see here?

A queueUnhappy customers

What would you do? Join it? Come back later?What could the staff at the shop do?

Page 63: Kanban Introduction (Annotated)
Page 64: Kanban Introduction (Annotated)

What can you see here?

Page 65: Kanban Introduction (Annotated)

What can you see here?

Is there a queue?

Page 66: Kanban Introduction (Annotated)

What can you see here?

Is there a queue?

Is anyone over worked?

Page 67: Kanban Introduction (Annotated)

What can you see here?

Is there a queue?

Is anyone over worked?

Does anyone need help?

Page 68: Kanban Introduction (Annotated)

What can you see here?

Is there a queue?

Is anyone over worked?

Does anyone need help?

Is there a problem with the way the work works?

Page 69: Kanban Introduction (Annotated)

What can you see here?

Is there a queue?

Is anyone over worked?

Does anyone need help?

Is there a problem with the way the work works?

Is work blocked?

Page 70: Kanban Introduction (Annotated)

What can you see here?

Is there a queue?

Is anyone over worked?

Does anyone need help?

Is there a problem with the way the work works?

Is work blocked?

What kind of work is the team doing?

Page 71: Kanban Introduction (Annotated)

What can you see here?

Is there a queue?

Is anyone over worked?

Does anyone need help?

Is there a problem with the way the work works?

Is work blocked?

What kind of work is the team doing?

The digital tools are great, but where possible use physical boards. They radiate constantly and provide a shared space for

the team.

Page 72: Kanban Introduction (Annotated)

limit work in progress

Page 73: Kanban Introduction (Annotated)
Page 74: Kanban Introduction (Annotated)

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Page 75: Kanban Introduction (Annotated)

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Limiting WIP is the magic sauce.They create slack to allow us to improve

They are what makes it a pull system

Page 76: Kanban Introduction (Annotated)

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Done

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Limiting WIP is the magic sauce.They create slack to allow us to improve

They are what makes it a pull system

Apply work in progress limits to the columns on your board.

Identify limits that are not so low that they starve the team but are also not so

slack that issues won’t be highlited.

Page 77: Kanban Introduction (Annotated)

Demand����������� ������������������  (4) Analysis����������� ������������������  (5) Dev����������� ������������������  (6) Test Released

In����������� ������������������  Progress Done In����������� ������������������  Progress Done In����������� ������������������  Progress(2)

Done

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Limiting WIP is the magic sauce.They create slack to allow us to improve

They are what makes it a pull system

Apply work in progress limits to the columns on your board.

Identify limits that are not so low that they starve the team but are also not so

slack that issues won’t be highlited.

Page 78: Kanban Introduction (Annotated)

Demand����������� ������������������  (4) Analysis����������� ������������������  (5) Dev����������� ������������������  (6) Test Released

In����������� ������������������  Progress Done In����������� ������������������  Progress Done In����������� ������������������  Progress(2)

Done

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Limiting WIP is the magic sauce.They create slack to allow us to improve

They are what makes it a pull system

Apply work in progress limits to the columns on your board.

Identify limits that are not so low that they starve the team but are also not so

slack that issues won’t be highlited.

Page 79: Kanban Introduction (Annotated)

Demand����������� ������������������  (4) Analysis����������� ������������������  (5) Dev����������� ������������������  (6) Test Released

In����������� ������������������  Progress Done In����������� ������������������  Progress Done In����������� ������������������  Progress(2)

Done

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Limiting WIP is the magic sauce.They create slack to allow us to improve

They are what makes it a pull system

Apply work in progress limits to the columns on your board.

Identify limits that are not so low that they starve the team but are also not so

slack that issues won’t be highlited.

Page 80: Kanban Introduction (Annotated)

Demand����������� ������������������  (4) Analysis����������� ������������������  (5) Dev����������� ������������������  (6) Test Released

In����������� ������������������  Progress Done In����������� ������������������  Progress Done In����������� ������������������  Progress(2)

Done

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Limiting WIP is the magic sauce.They create slack to allow us to improve

They are what makes it a pull system

Apply work in progress limits to the columns on your board.

Identify limits that are not so low that they starve the team but are also not so

slack that issues won’t be highlited.

Page 81: Kanban Introduction (Annotated)

manage flow

Page 82: Kanban Introduction (Annotated)
Page 83: Kanban Introduction (Annotated)

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Lead Time

Cycle Time

Page 84: Kanban Introduction (Annotated)

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Done

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Lead Time

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Reason

Page 85: Kanban Introduction (Annotated)

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Done

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Lead Time

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Reason

Page 86: Kanban Introduction (Annotated)

Demand����������� ������������������  (4) Analysis����������� ������������������  (5) Development����������� ������������������  (6) Test Released

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Done

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Lead Time

Cycle Time

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Reason

Manage flow using: - Daily meetings - Cumulative Flow Diagrams - Delivery rate (velocity/throughput) control chart - SLA or lead time target - Flexible staff allocation or swarming behaviour - Deferred pull decisions, or dynamic prioritisation - Metrics for assessing flow such as number of days blocked, lead time efficiency

Page 87: Kanban Introduction (Annotated)
Page 88: Kanban Introduction (Annotated)
Page 89: Kanban Introduction (Annotated)
Page 90: Kanban Introduction (Annotated)

CFD helps us see irregularities in flow, it also shows the correlation between work in progress and lead time. The more WIP the higher the average lead time. See Littles Law - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little's_law

Page 91: Kanban Introduction (Annotated)

make process policies explicit

Page 92: Kanban Introduction (Annotated)

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Exit Criteria• Goal is clear• First tasks defined• Story split, if necessary

Exit Criteria• Code clean & checked in• Integrated & tested• Running on UAT env

Exit Criteria• Customer accepted• Ready for production

Pull Criteria: 1) Expedite 2) Fixed Date in danger 3) Oldest

Page 93: Kanban Introduction (Annotated)

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Exit Criteria• Goal is clear• First tasks defined• Story split, if necessary

Exit Criteria• Code clean & checked in• Integrated & tested• Running on UAT env

Exit Criteria• Customer accepted• Ready for production

Pull Criteria: 1) Expedite 2) Fixed Date in danger 3) Oldest

Explicit policies like exit criteria, pull criteria, WIP limits, work item types

etc help us create a shared understanding of the system. This

helps when we come to improve, our discussions move away from

emotional and anecdotal to focus on how the system actually works.

Page 94: Kanban Introduction (Annotated)

implement feedback loops

Page 95: Kanban Introduction (Annotated)

• Daily stand up meetings in front of the board

• Update key stakeholders regularly

• Managers go see regularly

• ...

Page 96: Kanban Introduction (Annotated)

improve collaboratively, evolve experimentally

(using models and the scientific method)

Page 97: Kanban Introduction (Annotated)

• Small continuous, incremental and evolutionary changes that stick

• Understand theories of work, workflow, process and risk

• Carry out regular retrospectives

Page 98: Kanban Introduction (Annotated)

what can it tell us?

Page 99: Kanban Introduction (Annotated)

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Exit Criteria• Goal is clear• First tasks defined• Story split, if necessary

Exit Criteria• Code clean & checked in• Integrated & tested• Running on UAT env

Exit Criteria• Customer accepted• Ready for production

Page 100: Kanban Introduction (Annotated)

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Exit Criteria• Goal is clear• First tasks defined• Story split, if necessary

Exit Criteria• Code clean & checked in• Integrated & tested• Running on UAT env

Exit Criteria• Customer accepted• Ready for production

Bottleneck

Page 101: Kanban Introduction (Annotated)

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Done

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Exit Criteria• Goal is clear• First tasks defined• Story split, if necessary

Exit Criteria• Code clean & checked in• Integrated & tested• Running on UAT env

Exit Criteria• Customer accepted• Ready for production

Bottleneck

Analysis has reached it’a WIP limit and there is nothing after

development.

Page 102: Kanban Introduction (Annotated)

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Exit Criteria• Goal is clear• First tasks defined• Story split, if necessary

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Exit Criteria• Customer accepted• Ready for production

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Page 103: Kanban Introduction (Annotated)

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Exit Criteria• Goal is clear• First tasks defined• Story split, if necessary

Exit Criteria• Code clean & checked in• Integrated & tested• Running on UAT env

Exit Criteria• Customer accepted• Ready for production

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Failure Demand

Page 104: Kanban Introduction (Annotated)

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In����������� ������������������  Progress Done In����������� ������������������  Progress Done In����������� ������������������  Progress(2)

DoneStory title

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Exit Criteria• Goal is clear• First tasks defined• Story split, if necessary

Exit Criteria• Code clean & checked in• Integrated & tested• Running on UAT env

Exit Criteria• Customer accepted• Ready for production

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Failure Demand Black dots signify defectsFailure Demand: demand caused by a failure to do something or

do something right for the customer

Page 105: Kanban Introduction (Annotated)

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DoneStory title

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Exit Criteria• Goal is clear• First tasks defined• Story split, if necessary

Exit Criteria• Code clean & checked in• Integrated & tested• Running on UAT env

Exit Criteria• Customer accepted• Ready for production

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Page 106: Kanban Introduction (Annotated)

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DoneStory title

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Exit Criteria• Goal is clear• First tasks defined• Story split, if necessary

Exit Criteria• Code clean & checked in• Integrated & tested• Running on UAT env

Exit Criteria• Customer accepted• Ready for production

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Transaction Cost

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Page 107: Kanban Introduction (Annotated)

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Exit Criteria• Code clean & checked in• Integrated & tested• Running on UAT env

Exit Criteria• Customer accepted• Ready for production

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Transaction Cost

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Transaction Cost : e.g An expensive time

consuming release process

Page 108: Kanban Introduction (Annotated)

~

Dev (3)

Test (2) Done Backlog

~

~

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Product/Project

~

~

Next(3) Doing Done Demand

~

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Operational

~

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~ ~

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Personal

~

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~

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~

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OS

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~

~

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~

Dev (3)

Test (2) Done Backlog

~

~

~ ~

~

Product/Project

~

~

Next(3) Doing Done Demand

~

~

~ ~~

~~

Operational

~

Doing Done Todo

~ ~

~

~

Personal

~

~

Proj Duration Done Product

~

~ ~

~

~

Portfolio

~

~

BAU

New

OS

~

~

~

You can apply Kanban at many levels. However, the trick is not

to look up or down, but left and right

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Agile software development team... can you spot the

blockers?

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Waterfall project team

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it’s not just for software development teams...

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Operations team

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HR recruitment... no software development here.

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Personal Kanbanleft to right

Todo : Next : Doing : Done

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Lean &Toyota Production System

Theory of Constraints

System of Profound Knowledge

much more...

some reading

DJA’s Kanban Book

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Kanban summary

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Kanban summary

start with what you do now

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Kanban summary

start with what you do now

make the work visible

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Kanban summary

start with what you do now

make the work visible

limit the work in progress

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Kanban summary

start with what you do now

make the work visible

limit the work in progress

establish flow and pull work when ready

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Kanban summary

start with what you do now

make the work visible

limit the work in progress

establish flow and pull work when ready

identify and remove impediments to flow


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