164 AN ACCOUNT OF EIGHTEENTH CENTURY TONGA Kanokupolu and his people were building up their strength and extend ing their influence. At the time Cook made his visit, trouble was just beginning to disturb the unity of Kauhalalalo, with brother competing against brother. Soon after Cook left, there was civil war and chaos. After nearly 50 years of confusion and disunity, a single strong leader emerged, Taufa'ahau, a man as clever as he was strong. After some 40 years of planning and manoeuvring, he at last succeeded in reuniting the nation solidly under one king. The original condition of one-king and a united people was restored, though in a new form and in a new situation. Taufa‘ahau’s unification of the kingdom under a strong centralised government was consolidated by his great-great-granddaughter, Queen Salote Tupou. NOTES 1.The author (EB) is grateful to the Tonga Traditions Committee and H. M. King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV for the original opportunity to do the work and for permission to publish this part of it. She is grateful, too, to the Social Sciences Research Council for a grant which enabled her to review and check the document in 1978-79. 2. The Soakai of 1959 had much of his information about former times from his grand mother. His line had been closely associated in the past with the Tu‘i Tonga and still exercises special prerogatives in the royal kava ring. 3. All the references are to the recent, authoritative edition edited by J. C. Beaglehole, although this edition was not available at the time the manuscript was originally written. The Beaglehole edition is here cited as “ Cook II (1961)” for the second voyage, and “Cook 111; Part 1 and Part 2 (1967)” for the third voyage. The other major historical sources used are the unpublished histories of the Rev. John Thomas (“ History”) and (n.d.); M artin/M ariner (1818); Wilson (1966), originally published 1799; Labillardiere (1802); Vason (1810); Wilkes (1846). In 1959-60 I (EB) made much use of Gifford’s basic monograph Tongan Society (1929) and also his Tongan Myths and Tales (1924), the work of Collocott (1919 and 1928), Ernest and Pearl Beaglehole (1941), and Nayacakalou (1959). 4. See especially Rogers (1975) and (1977); Marcus (1975a) and 1975b); Aoyagi (1966); Kaeppler (1971), (1978a) and (1978b); Korn (1974); Latukefu (1974) and (1975); Maude (1971); Rutherford (1971) and (1977); Cummins (1977); Gunson (1979). 5. Probably descendants of old Samoan lines, according to Queen Mata'aho. 6. Literally ‘fount of disease’, i.e., having mystical power. 7. Statute law since the Constitution of 1875 has made this impossible. 8. According to Queen Mata'aho, an argument, talanga, could have developed, making it necessary for these men to return pending its settlement. 9. Knowing what we do about the decline of the Tu‘i Tonga line shortly afterwards, one cannot help feeling that it was also symbolic of the end of the dynasty. 10. Perfunctory flattery and empty boasting are common ingredients in such display. 11 .Hau implies oppression by a leader “ lording it over” his people; fakahau ‘cruel’. 12. Literally ‘set apart’ or restricted, even private.
Transcript
164 AN ACCOUNT OF EIGHTEENTH CENTURY TONGA
Kanokupolu and his people were building up their strength and extending their influence. At the time Cook made his visit, trouble was just beginning to disturb the unity of Kauhalalalo, with brother competing against brother. Soon after Cook left, there was civil war and chaos. After nearly 50 years of confusion and disunity, a single strong leader emerged, Taufa'ahau, a man as clever as he was strong. After some 40 years of planning and manoeuvring, he at last succeeded in reuniting the nation solidly under one king. The original condition of one-king and a united people was restored, though in a new form and in a new situation. Taufa‘ahau’s unification of the kingdom under a strong centralised government was consolidated by his great-great-granddaughter, Queen Salote Tupou.
N O TES
1 .T h e a u th o r (EB) is g ra tefu l to the T onga T rad itio n s C om m ittee and H . M. King T a u fa 'a h a u T upou IV for the original o p p o rtu n ity to do the w ork and fo r perm ission to publish this part o f it. She is g ra tefu l, too , to the Social Sciences Research Council for a gran t which enabled her to review and check the docum ent in 1978-79.
2. T he Soakai o f 1959 had m uch o f his in fo rm ation abo u t fo rm er tim es from his g ran d m other. H is line had been closely associated in the past w ith the T u ‘i T onga and still exercises special p rerogatives in the royal kava ring.
3. All the references are to the recent, au tho rita tiv e edition edited by J . C . Beaglehole, a lthough th is ed ition was no t available at the tim e the m anuscrip t was originally w ritten. The Beaglehole edition is here cited as “ C ook II (1961)” fo r the second voyage, and “ C ook 111; P a rt 1 and P a rt 2 (1967)” for the th ird voyage. T he o ther m ajo r historical sources used are the unpublished h istories o f the Rev. Jo h n T hom as ( “ H isto ry ” ) and (n .d .); M a rtin /M a rin e r (1818); W ilson (1966), originally published 1799; L abillardiere (1802); V ason (1810); W ilkes (1846). In 1959-60 I (EB) m ade m uch use o f G iffo rd ’s basic m onograph Tongan Society (1929) and also his Tongan M yths and Tales (1924), the w ork o f C o lloco tt (1919 and 1928), E rnest and Pearl Beaglehole (1941), and N ayacakalou (1959).
4. See especially R ogers (1975) and (1977); M arcus (1975a) and 1975b); Aoyagi (1966); Kaeppler (1971), (1978a) and (1978b); K orn (1974); L atukefu (1974) and (1975); M aude (1971); R u th erfo rd (1971) and (1977); C um m ins (1977); G unson (1979).
5. P ro b ab ly descendants o f old S am oan lines, according to Q ueen M a ta 'ah o .6. L iterally ‘foun t o f disease’, i.e ., having m ystical pow er.7. S ta tu te law since the C o n stitu tio n o f 1875 has m ade this im possible.8. A ccording to Q ueen M a ta 'a h o , an argum en t, talanga, could have developed, m aking it
necessary fo r these m en to re tu rn pending its settlem ent.9. K now ing w hat we do abo u t the decline o f the T u ‘i T onga line shortly afterw ards, one
canno t help feeling tha t it was also sym bolic o f the end o f the dynasty.10. P erfu n c to ry fla tte ry and em pty boasting are com m on ingredients in such display.11 .H au im plies oppression by a leader “ lording it over” his people; fakahau ‘cruel’.12. L iterally ‘set a p a r t ’ o r restric ted , even private.
NOTES 165
13. P robab ly lo'ata, the largest an t in T onga, black and found in sandy places. T on . manu ‘c rea tu re ’ esp., b ird (manu puna), also q uad rupeds, reptiles, insects, e tc ., but not fish.
14. A ccording to the late H avea (Sione F atuk im otu la lo ), ‘great ch iefs’ had six matapule, toutai, and ha'atufunga in all.
15. This line was con tinued th rough the noble title o f T ungi after 1875 (refer below).16. At this tim e L aufilitonga, the last T u ‘i T onga, had died and L avinia V eiongo’s twin
b ro ther, K alaniuvalu , was not T u ’i Tonga.17. A ccording to Q ueen M a ta 'a h o , ngaohi co rresponded to a godm other-and -ch ild re la
tionsh ip w hereas kaukau tama was m erely tending the in fan t, ba th ing , it, etc.18. A ccording to H . M . T upou IV, to be appoin ted to such a position the T u ‘i T onga or his
representative, the T u ‘i V ava‘u, w ould have to have been present. (See also note 21).19. A ccording to the late H avea T u ‘ih a‘ateiho , com m oners m ated w ithout any cerem ony.20. Then an old, childless m an.21. A ccording to form er C h ief Justice H . S. R oberts, M akahokovalu died before he could
have succeeded to the title.22. This account o f origin m yths is taken from G iffo rd (1924) 14-24; see also Bott (1972).
The original sources are: Reiter (1907); M artin (1910); C olloco tt (1919); T au fap u lo tu (1906); T am aha Kelekele, T okem oana, and Tongavalevale (1881-3); A non . (1881-3).
23. This account is taken from G iffo rd (1924) 25-9. It was orig inally told to F ather Reiter by T au fap u lo tu and Tongavalevale, and was first published in the R om an C atho lic m agazine Koe Fafangu (1907) 5, 6-12, 26-32, 41-8, and 60-4. It was first transla ted by Beatrice Shirley Baker.
24. A m agazine edited by the Rev. Shirley W . Baker.25. HepiSipa was adop ted by T a u fa 'a h a u , g rea t-g rea t-g rand fa ther o f Q ueen Salote.26. A ccording to ‘A m elia’s version, L a tu tam a was also a T u ‘i T onga Fefine.27. A ccording to ‘A m elia, V aelaum ata.28. A ccording to ‘A m elia, N iu tonga was T u ‘i V ava‘u.29. A ccording to H . M. T upou IV, roughly n ine-tenths.30. A ccording to the Soakai o f 1959.31. A special royal kava circle at which Q ueen Salote to ld each title-ho lder w here he should
sit.32. A ccording to the Soakai o f 1959.33. G enealogies o f L osaline F atafeh i (p. 3) and A fu k a ip o ‘uli (p. 39).34. A ccording to the p resent F ak afan u a , K inikinilau was F o to fili’s b ro ther.35. M uch o f the follow ing account is taken from notes ob ta ined fo r the T onga T rad itions
C om m ittee by the present M o tu 'a p u a k a (1959). T he notes were ob ta ined from Sao V aopulu, and were copied from a book in the possession o f the W esleyan C hurch .
36. He is a son o f the presiding chief, but a son o f the title, not o f the m an.37. Fakapangai, o r “ custom s o f P an g a i” is w hatever pertains o r is ap p ro p ria te to this place
w here the sovereign usually receives visitors.38. A ccording to the present King, the nam e o f the ha'a need not be the personal nam e o f
the father o f the first o f such a line— though it o ften is. In o rder to explain deviations from the rule, one m ust know the p articu lar circum stances o f each indiv idual case.
39. This explanation was given by the present Ve‘ehala (1959), w ho heard it from the widow o f T u ‘ivakano (Polutele) and also from L avaka (1959).
40. L angdon (1977) notes th a t, according to the explorer M alasp ina, tw o o f T u ‘i T onga P a u la h o ’s daughters were m arried to a ch ief called “ V u n a” in 1793. T here is no record in the genealogies o f m arriage betw een these w om en and the title-holder V una. O n the con trary , the tw o T u ‘i T onga Fafine w ho were daughters o f T u ‘i T onga P au lah o , S inaitakala-‘i-Fekitetele and F atafeh i L apaha, are said by all genealogies to have m arried T u ‘ih a ‘a teiho F a ‘o tusia . The personal nam e “ V una” has subsequently been used
166 AN ACCOUNT OF EIGHTEENTH CENTURY TONGA
by o ther T u ‘ih a ‘a te iho , so th a t it is possible th a t “ V u n a” was the personal nam e o f the chief M alasp ina m et ra ther th an the nam e o f his title. M alasp ina fu rther notes tha t “ V u n a” m ade obeisance to T upoum o h eo fo , the w idow o f T u ‘i T onga P au laho and m other o f “ V u n a’s” wives S inaitakala and Fatafeh i L apaha. A t first, I found this su rprising, if “ V u n a” was T u ‘ih a ‘a teiho F a ‘o tusia , fo r F a ‘o tusia was a great ‘eiki, the son o f T u ‘ih a ‘ateiho H avea tungua and T u ‘i T onga Fefine N an asip au ‘u, whereas T upou m o h eo fo was o f lower ran k , being the daughter o f T u ‘i K anokupolu T upoulahi and a w om an called F o u n u k u , w ho was the daughter o f the title-ho lder T okem oana. H ow ever, the obeisance is explicable by personal kinship , fo r T u poum oheofo was descended from a sister and F a 'o tu s ia from a b ro th er. (G enealogy o f Losaline F atafehi, pp. 51-2).
T o k e m o a n a
T u ' i K a n o k u p o lu = T u p ou lah i
9 T a h i , d. N iu k a p u
9Tahi
F o u n u k u
T u ' i h a ' a t e i h oT U N G I M A N A ' I A
T u p o u m o h e o f o
9 F i n a u le ‘o
T u ' i h a ' a t e i h oM A P A
T u ' i h a ' a t e i h oH A V E A T U N G U A
T u ' i h a ' a t e i h oF A 'O T U S I A
M afi ' u li ' i l i , d T u ' i to n g a F akana- ‘a n a 'a
Tu ' i T o n g a Fefine N a n a s ip a u 'u
41. — and the people on it— also part o f the fonua ‘lan d ’.42. It was custom ary fo r any moheofo to be claim ed by o ther a ristocra ts after she had given
b irth to her first son to the T u ‘i T onga and left him with her fokonofo— according to Q ueen M a ta 'a h o , a descendant o f the last T u ‘i Tonga.
43. Since the last century tofi'a has been used fo r his estate, but p robab ly fonua was used earlier for bo th land and its people.
44. A ccording to the present Q ueen, for decisions abou t land a title-holder had to have the approval o f his eldest sister first.
45. See especially Rogers (1975) and (1977) fo r a discussion o f the relationsh ip between bro thers .
46. A ccording to the present Q ueen, liongi are very close kin definite ly lower in rank.47. See Rogers op . c it . , fo r a discussion o f fahu.
R E FER EN C ES
Unpublished sourcesB i e r s a c k , A ., 1974. Matrilaterality in Patrilineal Systems: The Tongan Case.
Curl Bequest Prize Essay.B o t t , E . , 1958-9. Discussions o f Tongan Custom with her Majesty Queen Salote
Tupou and the Hon. Ve'ehala. Typescript in Palace Records Office, N uku alofa , Tonga.
G e n e a l o g i e s ( Tohi hohoko). Various typed copies o f family genealogies in Palace Office, N u k u alo fa , Tonga.
M a r c u s , G. E ., 1975a. The Ancien Regime in the Modern Kingdom o f Tonga: Conflict and Change among the Nobility o f a Polynesian Constitutional Monarch. Ph.D . thesis in social anthropology, Harvard University.
R o g e r s , G ., 1975. Kai and Kava in Niuatoputapu: Social Relations, Ideologies, and Contexts in a Rural Tongan Community. Ph.D . thesis in anthropology, University o f Auckland.
T h o m a s , J., nd. Tongatabu or the Friendly Islands. Formerly in Archives o f the Methodist Missionary Society, now (1978) transferred to the Library o f the School o f Oriental and African Studies, University o f London.
------------- c. 1853. History o f Tonga. Formerly in Archives o f the MethodistMissionary Society, now (1978) in Library o f the School o f Oriental and African Studies, University o f London.
T o h i ‘o ‘E n e ‘A f i o (The Book o f Queen Salote Tupou). Typed copy in Palace Records Office, N uk u alo fa , Tonga.
Tongan JournalsKoe BoobooiKoe FafanguKoe Makasini ‘a Kolisi
Published sourcesA n o n . (1881-3) “ Koe Talanoa ki ‘E ua.” Koe Makasini a Kolisi, 4:109-11.A o y a g i , M. 1966. “ Kinship Organization and Behaviour in a Contemporary
Tongan Village.” Journal o f the Polynesian Society 75:141-76.B e a g l e h o l e , Ernest and Pearl, 1941. Pangai, Village in Tonga. Wellington: The
Polynesian Society.B o tt , E ., 1972. “ Psychoanalysis and C erem ony,” in J. S. La Fontaine (ed.), The
Interpretation o f Ritual. London, Tavistock, pp. 205-37, 277-82.------------- 1981. “ Power and Rank in the Kingdom o f T onga.” Journal o f the
Polynesian Society 90:7-81.C h u r c h w a r d , C . M . 1959. Tongan Dictionary. London, OUP.C o l l o c o t t , E. E. V ., 1919. “ A Tongan Theogony.” Folklore 30:234-8.------------- 1928. Tales and Poems o f Tonga. Bishop Museum Bulletin, N o. 46,
Honolulu.C o o k , Capt. J., (1961 and 1967) The Journals o f Captain Cook on his Voyages
o f Discovery, edited by J. C . Beaglehole. Hakluyt Society Vol II. The Voyages o f the Resolution and Adventure, 1772-1775. Part 1 (C ook’s Journal) and
167
168 AN ACCOUNT OF EIGHTEENTH CENTURY TONGA
Part 2 (Journals o f Anderson, Samwell, and several Officers).C u m m i n s , H. G ., 1977. “ Tongan Society at the Time o f European C ontact,” in
N. Rutherford (ed.), Friendly Islands: A History o f Tonga. Melbourne, Oxford University Press, pp. 63-89.
G i f f o r d , E. W ., 1924. Tongan Myths and Tales. Bishop Museum Bulletin, No. 8. Honolulu.
------------- 1929. Tongan Society. Bishop Museum Bulletin. No. 61. Honolulu.G u n s o n , N ., 1979. “ The Hau Concept o f Leadership in Western Polynesia” .
Journal o f Pacific History, 14:28-49.K a e p p l e r , A ., 1971. “ Rank in T onga.” Ethnology 10:174-93.------------- 1978a. “ M e‘a Faka'eiki: Tongan Funerals in a Changing Society,”
in N. Gunson (ed.), The Changing Pacific: Essays in Honour o f Harry Maude. Oxford, Oxford University Press, pp. 174-202.
------------- 1978b. “ Exchange Patterns in Goods and Spouses: Fiji, Tonga andSam oa.” Mankind, 11:246-52.
K o r n , S . R. Decktor, 1974. “ Tongan Kin Groups: The Noble and the Common V iew .” Journal o f the Polynesian Society, 83:5-13.
L a b i l l a r d i e r e , J. J. de Houtou, 1802. Voyage in Search o f La Perouse, 2nd ed. 2 vols. London, Uphill.
de La P e r o u s e , J. F. G. 1978. A Voyage around the World in the Years 1785, 1786, and 1788, ed. M. L. A . Milet-Mureau (3 vols.) London.
L a n g d o n , R ., 1977. “ The Maritime Explorers,” in N. Rutherford (ed.), Friendly Islands: A History o f Tonga. Melbourne, Oxford University Press, pp. 40-62.
L A t U k e f u , S., 1974. Church and State in Tonga. Canberra, Australian National University Press.
------------- 1975. The Tongan Constitution. N u kualofa , Tonga Traditions Committee Publication.
M a r c u s , G. E ., 1975b. “ Alternative Social Structures and the Limits o f Hierarchy in the Modern Kingdom o f T onga.” Bijdragen Tot De Taal-Land-En Vol Ken Kunde, 131 (l):34-66.
M a r tin , J ., 1910. “ Origin o f the N am e o f T onga Islan d .” Journal o f the Polynesian Society, 19:163-6.
------------- and W. M a r i n e r , 1818. An Account o f the Natives o f the TongaIslands, compiled and arranged from the extensive communications o f Mr William Mariner, several years resident in those Islands. 2nd edition, 2 vols. London, John Murray.
M a u d e , A ., 1971. “ Tonga: Equality Overtaking Privilege,” in R. Crocombe (ed.), Land Tenure in the Pacific. Melbourne, Oxford University Press, pp. 106-28.
N a y a c a k a l o u , R., 1959. “ Land Tenure and Social Organisation in Fiji, Tonga, and Sam oa,” Journal o f the Polynesian Society, 68:93-114.
R e i t e r , P . , 1907. “ Traditions Tonguienes.” Anthropos, 2:230-6, 438-43, 743-54.R o g e r s , G ., 1977. “ ‘The Father’s Sister is Black’: A Consideration o f Female
Rank and Powers in T onga.” Journal o f the Polynesian Society, 86: 157-82.'R u t h e r f o r d , N ., 1971. Shirley Baker and the King o f Tonga. Melbourne,
GLOSSARY 169Oxford University Press.
R u t h e r f o r d , N. (ed.), 1977. Friendly Islands: A History o f Tonga. Melbourne, Oxford University Press.
T a m a h A, K e l e k e l e , T o k e m o a n a , and T o n g a v a l e v a l e , 1881-3. “ The Origin T ale.” Koe Makasini a Kolisi, 4:22-6, 51-5, 74-8.
T A u f a p u l o t u , 1906. “ Koe tupuanga o Mamani mo hono kaka.” Koe Fafangu vol. 4, pp. 122-7.
T h o m s o n , B., 1894. The Diversions o f a Prime Minister. London, William Blackwood.
V a s o n , G ., 1810. An Authentic Narrative o f Four Years’ Residence at Tonga- taboo, London, Longman, Hurst, Rees, and Orme.
W e s t , T ., 1865. Ten Years in South-Central Polynesia. London, James Nisbet. W i l k e s , C., 1845. Narrative o f the United States Exploring Expedition 1883-42,
vol. III. Philadelphia, Wiley and Putnam.W i l s o n , J., 1966. A Missionary Voyage to the Southern Pacific Ocean, 1796-
1798. Graz, Austria, Akad'emische Druck u Verlagsanstalt. (Originally published in 1799, London: T. Chapman. See especially chapters 9, 15, 16, 17.)
W o o d , A. H ., 1945. A History and Geography o f Tonga. Auckland, W ilson and Horton.
GLOSSARY OF TO N GA N TERM Sfahu A kinsm an especially chosen at funerals, weddings, and first year birthdays to
receive the best koloa (m ats and bark-cloth) and highest ranking cuts o f meat; the fahu may also be given the right to decide on the d istribution o f presents and food. The fahu may be the mehekitanga ‘fa th er’s sister’, the tama ‘a mehekitanga ‘children o f the fa th er’s sister’, or ‘ilamutu ‘sister’s child’, real or classified. There is some disagreement am ong Tongans over which kinsm an is the appropriate choice for which occasion. The term fahu is often used loosely by both Tongans and anthropologists as if it were a kinship term rather than a particular cerem onial status. In this case the kinship term m eant is usually ‘ilamutu (sister’s child, m an speaking). (See Rogers (1977)
fakafeta'i A form al chant by matapule o f thanks for offerings.fakafotu B rother’s child, wom an speaking. Reciprocal o f mehekitanga.fakanofo A ppoint.fakatb ngafingafi A ceremony to end the m ourning o f relatives for the T u ‘i Tonga or a great
chief.famili Family, relatives. Taken over from English.fanau C hildren. If used in connection with titles and ha'a, it m eans all the descen
dants o f present and past holders o f a title through m en and through women. fanongonongotokoto Literally ‘sending news while reclining’. A period when people lived on their
‘api ‘hom esteads’ and hence could shout the news from one hom estead to the next, one. The im plication is that life was peaceful and that there was no need to w ithdraw into fortified villages.
fasi The part o f the ceremonial kava ring where it curves tow ards the bowl. Fasi'alofi: the part o f the fasi nearest the ‘aloft. Fasi tapu: the central part o f the
fasi. Fasi tou'a : the part o f the fasi nearest the tou'a. fau H ibiscus strainer used in m aking kava.
fa'ahinga Kind, sort, species. Used by some writers as a subdivision within the ha'a, andas a m inimal lineage, but this latter usage is not spontaneously given or used by T ongans today.
fa 'e M other.fa 'e tangata M other’s bro ther. Lit. ‘male m other’.fa'itoka G rave.fefine Female. Also a term applied to a wom an o f com paratively low rank.feke O ctopus.feta'aki Plain bark-clo th before joining and staining.finemotu'a W om an o f low rank.foha Son, m an speaking. Also used o f a relationship between titles in which one title
is in the form al relation o f “ son” to the o ther title, supposedly in perpetuity, regardless o f the actual kinship relationship between the men who hold the titles.
fokonofo Secondary wife, usually used in connection with wives o f a great chief,especially the T u ‘i Tonga. The fokonofo were usually sisters, real or classi- ficatory, o f the moheofo ‘great wife’ (m other o f the heir).
folau Voyage.fon o A political meeting in which the people o f a chief were assembled and told
w hat they had to do. There was no discussion. fono The relish presented in kava ceremonies. Originally sugar cane, now usually
pork.fonua Land, hom eland, and the people on the land.hau The secular ruler. The term has a strong connotation o f cruelty and arbitrary
authority .ha'a People, race, tribe. Defined by G iffo rd as a patrilineal lineage. In theory, the
patrilineal descendants o f a particular king, but excluding the line that succeeded to the king’s title. In practice, a set o f titles descended from a particular king, excluding the line that succeeded to the king’s title. The ha'a sometimes, notably in the case o f the H a 'a N gata, includes close patrilineal kin, i.e. sons and grandsons, o f the holders o f the titles o f the ha'a. Tehina and foha titles are also included. M em bership o f titles in a ha'a is norm ally patrilineal, but there are exceptions.
ha'atufunga O fficials in charge o f burial ceremonies o f chiefs. Also have ceremonial dutiesin kava ceremonies but particularly at funerals.
ha'unga C ooked food presented to a traveller when he first arrives.hifo kilikili A cerem ony to end m ourning for a king.hingoa Name.hingoa fakanofo Title. L it., ‘appointed nam e’.hingoa matapule Matapule title.hingoa nopele Noble title.hingoa ‘eiki Chiefly title.hou'eiki A collective o f 'eiki.ifi A kind o f tree, Inocarpus edulis. The leaves were used as a symbol o f submis
sion.inu'anga kava The person specially designated in a kava ceremony to drink his kava just
before the presiding matapule drinks his. kainga Kinsmen. The bilateral kindred. A nyone who acts like a relative. The local
subjects o f a chiefly title-holder, regardless o f w hether they were related to him by blood.
170 AN ACCOUNT OF EIGHTEENTH CENTURY TONGA
kainga mo'oni ‘T rue relatives’. Used to distinguish such relatives from those who are treatedas kin because they act like kin, and from the political kainga, that is, the local subjects o f a chief.
kainga'i fa 'e Relatives on one’s m other’s side.kainga'i tamai Relatives on one’s father’s side.kalia Large double canoe im ported from Fiji.kau A collective.kaunanga A servant girl.kau'a-fonua Boundaries.kava Piper methysticum, a plant used to m ake a drink that is m ade and drunk
according to prescribed ritual. kie Very fine mat im ported from Sam oa.kitetama Type o f m arriage in which a m an m arried his m oth er’s b ro th er’s daughter.
Only practised by chiefs.koka Tree with reddish bark used for staining bark-clo th. A particular koka tree was
involved in the installation ceremony o f the first T u ‘i K anokupolu. koto Fortified village.koloa D urable property , mainly mats and bark-cloth.kui G randparents.langi Royal tom bs.liongi People at a funeral o f lower rank than the deceased. They should be close
relatives o f the deceased. malanga To m ake a public speech. Official representative.mala'e Clearing near a chief’s house used for m eetings and ceremonies.matakali T ribe o r sub-group. O f F ijian origin.matapule Cerem onial a ttendan t o f chief.matapule ma'u tofi'a A m atapule title with a hereditary estate (tofi'a). ma'itaki Favourite wife (i.e. best-liked wife, as distinct from the moheofo).mehekitanga F a th er’s eldest sister.me'afaka'eiki Funeral o f chief.moemoe G esture o f respect and subm ission (now defunct) in which the person o f lower
rank bowed his head to the foot o f the person o f higher rank and touched the soles o f the chief’s feet first with the palm and then the back o f the hand.
moheofo Chief wife o f the T u ‘i Tonga and m other o f the heir.moko Lizard.motu'a Old. Old m an. Also used as a term o f low rank.motu'a tauhi fonua Literally ‘old m an who looks after the land ’. An im portan t chief who is not o f
high rank.muli Foreigners.nonofo Live together.nonu Morinda citrifoliaohi To adopt the child o f o ne’s b ro ther (wom an speaking) to one’s husband. Such
a child could succeed to the husband’s title, but in theory only for one generation.
olovaha The head o f a kava circle.Pangai The mala'e ‘assembling place’ o f the T u ‘i K anokupolu .polopolo F irst-fruits.pongipongi Cerem onial presentation o f food and kava to a superior chief on the occasion
GLOSSARY 171
o f his installation, the installation o f oneself in a title, the death o f one’s chief, his return from a voyage, his wedding.
pongipongi folau C erem onial presentation o f food and kava to a chief returning from a voyage.pongipongi hingoa C erem onial p resentation o f food and kava to celebrate installation as a title-
holder.pongipongi me'afaka-
‘eiki C erem onial presentation o f food and kava at funeral o f a chief.popula Slave.pule A uthority , power.sinifu Concubine.sinifu fonua Girl sent by a chief (not an aristocratic chief) o f a district to live with and have
children by the T u ‘i Tonga, s /n o 7 ‘eiki A ristocrat, though not necessarily the holder o f a title. Literally ‘chiefly in
body’.talanga A rgum ent. Especially used o f ritualised debate in kava ceremonies and on cer
tain form al occasions. tama Child, wom an speaking.tamai Father.tamai 'o ‘eiki Servant. O riginated because a particular father devoted himself to the service
o f his high-ranking child. tama ‘a mehekitanga Children o f the fa th e r’s sister. tama ‘a tu'asina C hildren o f the m oth er’s brother.tangata M ale. Also a term o f low rank.tapu Forbidden, sacred.taumafa kava Royal kava ceremony.ta'ahine Literally ‘g irl’. Term used to describe women o f high rank.tehina Literally ‘younger sibling o f same sex as speaker’, i.e. ‘younger b ro th er’ if man
speaking. Also used in relation to titles. C ertain titles were ‘younger b ro ther’ to o ther titles in perpetuity regardless o f the actual kinship relationship between the men who held the titles,
toa Casuarina equisetifolia, ironw ood tree.tofi'a H ereditary estate.tokonaki P resentation o f uncooked food.toutai ika Fishermen. A special occupation but also a ceremonial status.toutai vaka N avigators or m ariners. Officials in charge o f transporting chiefs by canoe.
A lso had cerem onial duties. tou'a The group o f people in a kava cerem ony who sit behind the kava m aker.tufa To share out or divide.tufunga C arpenter.tufunga fonua Literally ‘carpenter o f the land ’, meaning the establisher o f social customs.tupu'anga A ncestor.tu ‘a Term o f rank m eaning low o r com m on, the opposite o f ‘eiki.tu'asina M other’s b ro ther. Also sometim es called fa 'e tangata.Tu'i P aram oun t chief, king (but not necessarily so if used as part o f a proper
name).uho taha To have the same m other. Uho means umbilical cord.uho tau Literally ‘fighting cords’. B rothers o f the same father but d ifferent m others.vaha'itaha The chiefly positiort in the kava circle nearest the olovaha or presiding chief.
There is always a matapule in between the olovaha and vaha'itaha.
172 AN ACCOUNT OF EIGHTEENTH CENTURY TONGA
'alofi The top part o f the kava circle near the presiding chief or olovaha.'api Hom estead.‘a'ahi Form al presentation o f food by a local group o r district to their chief o r king.‘eiki Literally ‘chief’, but there is a m uch stronger connotation o f high rank and a
weaker connotation o f ruling than in the English term ‘chief’. It is o ften used to m ean ‘aristocratic’ or ‘h igh-ranking’ even if the person so described does not have political authority . W ithin the im m ediate family sisters are ‘eiki to their brothers though they do not have authority over them .
‘eiki fakanofo A ristocrat who is also appointed to a title.‘eiki motu'a Literally ‘old chief’ or ‘old aristocra t’, m eaning som eone whose ancestors were
o f high rank before the time o f the C onstitu tion in 1875.‘eiki nopele Person whose title was m ade ‘noble’ at the time o f the C onstitu tion but whose
ancestors were not necessarily aristocratic in the trad itional system.‘inasi F irst-fruits presented to the sacred king, the T u ‘i T onga, as part o f a politico-
religious ceremony involving the whole nation.‘ilamutu S ister’s child, m an speaking. Reciprocal o f tu'asina.‘ulumotu'a H ead o f a family or kin group.‘umu E arth oven. Also the food cooked in the earth oven.‘unoho Form al m arriage ceremony.
GLOSSARY 173
IN DEX OF FIGURES
Figure Page
1. Succession o f T u ‘i T onga from ‘U luak im ata (T ele‘a) to L a u filito n g a .............. 12
2. Succession o f T u ‘i H a 'a ta k a la u a ..................................................................................... 13
3. Succession o f T u ‘i K an o k u p o lu ........................................................................................ 14
4. The relationship betw een T u ‘ilakepa L atun iupu lu and T u ‘i T ongaP a u la h o ................................................................................................................................... 32
5. The th ree appo in ted T a m a h a ............................................................................................ 34
6. T he T am a T auhala: M a k am alo h i................................................................................... 35
7. The institu tion o f the moheofo, the great ch ief wife o f the T u ‘i T o n g a ........... 60
8. Succession th rough w om en: The title o f V ah a‘i .......................................................... 73
9. Succession th rough wom en: M akahokovalu as heir to the title o f T u ‘ila k e p a . 74
10. Succession th rough wom en: T he title o f M a‘a fu tu k u ‘ia u la h i.............................. 74
11. Succession th rough w om en: T u ‘i H a 'a ta k a la u a F u a ta k ifo la h a ............................ 75
12. G eneral derivation o f the th ree m ajo r ha‘a: K au h a la 'u ta , H a ‘a T ak a lau a ,and K au h a la la lo ................................................................................................................... 79
13. T he H a ‘a M a 'a fu o f K au h a la la lo ................................................................................... 82
14. M em bership o f a title in ha'a th rough w om an: T he title o f M ohu lam ufua- ‘a m o tu ..................................................................................................................................... 84
15. M em bership o f title in ha'a th rough w om an: The F ak a fan u a t i t le ..................... 84
16. M em bership o f title in ha'a th rough w om an: T he M a 'a tu t i t le ............................ 85
17. The T u 'ilak ep a title o f the Fale F is i................................................................................. 86
18. T he T u 'ih a 'a te ih o title o f the Fale F is i.......................................................................... 87
19. The T ungi l in e ....................................................................................................................... 88
20. The origin o f the titles o f H a 'a N gata M o tu 'a ............................................................ 120
21. The origin o f the titles o f H a 'a H avea and H a 'a H avea S i 'i ................................... 130
22. T he V una lin e .......................................................................................................................... 136
23. T he tw o m arriages o f F usipala , d augh ter o f T u 'i K anokupolu M a ta e le h a 'a m e a ................................................................................................................... 138
24. D escendants o f T u 'i K anokupolu M ataeleha 'am ea: Fusipala and theelevation o f the title o f T u 'ip e le h a k e .............................................................................. 147
25. D escendants o f T u 'i K anokupolu M ataeleha 'am ea: T upouveitongo andthe elevation o f the title T u 'ih a 'a n g a n a ....................................................................... 148
26. D escendants o f T u 'i K anokupolu M ataeleha 'am ea: In term arriage am ong descendants o f his daughters, Fusipala and M a 'a f u ................................................ 149
27. D escendants o f T u 'i K anokupolu M ataeleha 'am ea: K afoa, son o f M ataeleha 'am ea , and K afo a ’s daughter T o e 'u m u ................................................... 150
175
28. D escendants o f T u ‘i K anokupo lu M ataeleha 'am ea: T he F inau ‘U lukalala
176 AN ACCOUNT OF EIGHTEENTH CENTURY TONGA
l i n e ............................................................................................................................................ ............151
29. ‘U lukilupetea: “ T he W om an w ith the Ivory S tom ach” ......................................... ...........142
30. Senior and ju n io r lines o f K anokupo lu chiefs: Sons o f T u ‘i K anokupolu M a‘a fu -‘o - tu ‘i to n g a ........................................................................................................... ........... 152
31. T am ah a L a tu fu ipeka: H er con trib u tio n to the chiefliness o f m odern a ristocra tic nobles(a) H er m arriage to T u ‘i K anokupolu T u p o u la h is i 'i ........................................... ...........153(b) H er m arriage to T u ita K ah o m o v ailah i................................................................ ...........154(c) H er m arriage to Leka K iuve‘e taha (T u 'a la u ) .................................................. ...........155
A B B R E V IA TIO N S & SYM BOLS U SED IN T H E FIG U R E S
TT T u ‘i T onga d daugh ter o fT TF T u ‘i T onga Fefine s son o fT H T u ‘i H a ‘a tak a lau a z sister o fTK T u ‘i K anokupolu f fokonofo, secondary wifeTL T u ‘ilakepa 9 w om anT H T T u ‘ih a ‘ateiho cr m anT H N g T u ‘ih a ‘angana D diedT P T u ‘ipelehake . . . h a lf siblings (d ifferent m others)FU F in au ‘U lukala la title nam es are italicised
U nbracketed num bers indicate o rder o f succession; ? indicates uncertain ty abo u t order. B racketed num bers indicate which wife o f the father was m other o f the child.
INDEX OF TITLES A N D PERSO NAL NAM ES ~ M ALES
Afeaki, 119A fi‘afo laha , T u‘i H a‘ateiho, 127; Fig. 18,
31Afuha‘alaufulu (A fu), 119, 140; Fig. 27 ‘A fu h a 'am an g o , Fig. 19 ‘Ahio, 122, 124, 127; Fig. 20. See V akalepu ‘Ahiohio, 97‘A h o 'e itu , 90, 91, 97, 107 ‘Ahom e'e, 108, 120-2, 124-5, 127; Fig. 20,
31A katoa , T u‘i Ha'amea, 131; Fig. 21 'Akau'ola, 116, 119 ‘A laipuke, 146 ‘A lapuku , 140‘A leam o tu ‘a, titular Tu'i Kanokupolu
1827-1845, 55; Fig. 3, 13, 30 ‘A lipate, Vaea, Fig. 31 Alo, 140; Fig. 27 ‘Alusa, 97‘A naukihengalu , Fig. 31b A palaham e, T u‘ilakepa, 106; Fig. 17 ‘Apihala, 97Ata (Atafakahau), 72, 81, 121-7, 130, 131;
Fig. 20, 28, 31b. See K aum avae A tam ata 'ila , Tu‘i Kanokupolu, 78, 83, 104,
111, 117, 120, 123, 125; Fig. 1, 3, 15, 20 A ttago, see S ia le 'a taongo A vala N aufahu , Fig. 31b, 31c
E aroupa, see M alupo ‘E itu m a tu p u 'a , 90 ‘Elili, 96, 119
Fainga'a, 97Fakafanua, 85, 110, 114, 159; Fig. 15 Fakahafua, 97F ak ah ik u o 'u ih a , see F a 'o tu s ia , T u‘i H a’a-
teihoFaka'iloatonga, 140F a k a n a ‘a n a ‘a, T u‘i Tonga, 76, 138, 139,
140; Fig. 1, 5, 17, 18, 24, 26 F a k a ta k a tu 'u , 106, 140, 144; Fig. 17 Fakateli‘ao, 131 Fakatouio, 107 F akatu lo lo , Lutui, Fig. 28 F ak au ak im anuka, Fig. 18 Falef5, 25, 26, 91, 97-8, 101, 108, 127 Falef5 H ihifo, 116, 118, 119, 124, 128. See
F a 'o a , N a p a 'a , M onu Falefa ‘Uta, 116, 118, 119, 124, 128. See
Lei, Tovi, Lasike Fale Fisi, see H a‘a Falefisi Fale H a‘akili, 116, 118, 119, 123, 124,
127. See K am oto , U hi, M o tu 'ap u ak a , K ioa, N galungalu , V a 'eno
Falekaono, 110, 112 Fale ‘o Tu'iam anave, 97, 98 Fale ‘o Tu‘imatahau, 97 Fale ‘o Tu'iloloko, 97 Fale ‘o T u‘italau, 97 Fanua Lofanga, 110, 111 Fangupd, Fig. 18, 31 Fa'oa, 116, 118, 125F a 'o tu s ia F ak ah ik u o 'u ih a , Tu‘iha‘ateiho,
F atafeh i, T u 'i T onga fam ily nam e, 29. See F u a n u n u ia v a , P a u la h o , . M a 'u lu p e - ko to fa
F atafeh i, T u‘i Tonga, Fig. 1 ,5 , 17 F atafeh i, son o f TT Tele'a, 99 F atafehi T o u ta ito k o tah a , T u‘i Pelehake,
Fig. 3, 24, 25 F attafee, see F atafehi F atu , Fig. 25, 31F atuk im otu la lo , 83, 115; Fig. 2, 14, 19, 28 Fauo lo , 144 F autave, 106Feenou, Feenough, F enough, see F inau ; see
T u ‘ih a la fa ta i (C o o k ’s F in a u ) ; see ‘U lukala la-‘i-Feletoa (M arin er’s F inau)
F efafa , 93F ehokom oelang i-‘i-Fisi, T u‘i Lakepa, 18,
long o 'a tu m ai F ifi, 104F ifitap u k u , T u‘i H a‘angana, 139, 140; Fig.
1, 6, 22, 25, 27, 30 Fili, 131F ilia ipu lo tu , Tu'ipelehake, Fig. 24 F i!im oe‘ulie, M a'afu, 75; Fig. 10 F inau , see 'U lu k a la la - 'i-F e le to a (M arin er’s
F in a u ) ; see T u 'ih a la fa ta i (C o o k ’s F inau ). C om m on term o f address am ongst K anokupolu chiefs, 28
177
178 INDEX
F inau Fisi, Fig. 28, 31b, 31c Fisilaum ali, 138-9; Fig. 23, 24, 26 F iunoa, 144F o n o m an u , 33, 34, 85, 106; Fig. 1, 5, 16, 17 Fotu, 119F otu , Veikune, Fig. 31 Fotofili, 96, 110, 112, 113, 114, 116, 131,
143, 159; Fo tofili Fekai 112; Fig. 1, 2, 31, 31b
Fotofili, T u‘i H a'atakalaua, 85, 96, 111,112, 146; Fig. 1, 2, 17, 20
Fohe, 83, 132, 133, 134; Fig. 3, 14, 21 F u anunu iava , F atafeh i (F u tta fa ih e , the
K ing’s son, the young P rince), Tu‘i Tonga, 22, 29, 30, 105; ‘inasi 39-44; Fig.1, 6, 17 30
F uapau (H ik u le ‘o), T u‘i Ha'angana, 139; Fig. 25
F u a tak ifo la h a , Tu‘i Ha atakalaua, 75-6,105, 114, 138-9; Fig. 2, 11, 19, 23
F u a tak ifo la h a , Veikune, Fig. 31 Fuim aono, 142Fulilangi, T u‘i H a'ateiho, 68; Fig. 18 Fulivai, 116, 119; Fig. 19 Fusitu‘a, 131F u tta fa ih e , see F atafeh i
H a'a Ata (H a'a A tam ata'ila), 125 H a‘a Falefisi, 32, 33, 60, 64, 68, 103, 106-7,
157, 159; Fig. 12. See T u ‘ilakepa, T u ‘ih a ‘a te ih o , M a 'a tu , T u 'i 'a f i tu , (H a 'a N gana), M alupo
H a'a Havea, 75, 81, 83-4, 85, 118, 123, 124, 125, 127, 128, 129, 130-5, 137, 159, 161; Fig. 10, 12, 14, 21. See M a 'a fu tu k u 'ia u - lahi, Fohe, Lasike, T u 'iv a k a n o , Vaea, F ielakepa
Ha'a Havea Si'i, 125, 130-7; Fig. 12, 21.See L avaka, Ika, M aka, T u 'ih a lam ak a
H a'a Latuhifo, 85, 117, 121, 125, 126. See H alak itau a , V aoloa
H a'a M a'afu (H a'a M a'afuotu'itonga), 81, 83, 125; Fig. 13
Ha'a M oheofo, 117; Fig. 12. See T u 'i K anokupolu
H a'a Talafale, 95, 107, 139; Fig. 12 H afoka, 114, 131H afo k a , M a'afutukuiaulahi, Fig. 3 Hahano, Fig. 31b Hakavalu, 96H ala 'ap iap i, 143H alak itau a , Niukapu, 115, 116, 117, 123;
Fig. 2, 20H ala tu itu ia , Tuita, 97, 115; Fig. 2, 14, 19,
44, 49, 54, 59, 60, 64, 109, 118, 119 H aufano, 119 H avea I, Tu'i Tonga, 94 H avea II, Tu'i Tonga, 95 H aveahikule'o, Fig. 19 H aveale ta , 110 H av ea m o tu 'a , 110 H aveapava, M alupo, 144 H avea T ungua, Tu'i H a'ateiho, 34, 36; Fig.
157, 158, 159, 164; 'Fig. 12. See H a 'a M oheofo , H a ‘a N gata M o tu 'a , H a ‘a H avea, H a ‘a H avea Si‘i, H a ‘a N gata T upu
Kauhala'uta, 60, 79, 102-8, 112, 113, 117, 122, 124, 127, 135, 147, 156, 157, 158, 159; Fig. 12. See H a ‘a N gana, S ina 'e , H a ‘a Falefisi, H a ‘a T alafale
K aum avae, Ata, 121, 124; Fig. 3, 20 K au 'u lu fo n u a , T u‘i Tonga, 104, 111; Fig.
1, 5, 17, 22 K au‘u lu fonuafeka i, T u‘i Tonga, 78, 95, 96,
97, 98, 103, 107 K au‘u lu fo n u ah u a , Fig. 17 Kauvaka‘uta, 110, 113 Kavakimotu, 104, 105 Kavaliku, 108, 110 Kavamo‘unga‘one, 110, 111 Kavapele, 98Kelepi, T u‘i H a'ateiho, Fig. 18 K em oeatu, Fulivai, Fig. 19 Kili, 116, 118 K inahoi, Fig. 22 K inikinilau, 85, 111; Fig. 2, 15 Kioa, 116, 118, 119; Fig. 1, 31 K iuve‘e taha, Leka, 139, 140; Fig. 1, 5, 9,
_ 17, 24, 25, 27, 31c K ivalu, Ma'atu, Fig. 19 Koate, 110, 111; Fig. 19, 22 Ko A u, second Tu'i Tonga, 89, 90 Kofe, 119K ohagee-too-Fallangou, see L atun ipu lu-
‘i-Teafua, Tu'ilakepa Ko H ai, first Tu'i Tonga, 89, 90 K ole 'ak ikava, 146K olokivaitupu, Tu'i H a'ateiho, 68; Fig. 18K olom oe'uto, 96, 103K uava, 106; Fig. 17K ulikefu, Fig. 17K um a, Fig. 19K upu, Fig. 24, 31
L a tu n ip u lu - 'i- 'U v ea , Fig. 17 L a tu 'o tu s ia , Fig. 31b Lasike, 118, 145; Fig. 21 Lauaki, 66, 116-18, 120, 125, 132 L aufilitonga, Tuita, Fig. 31, 31b L aufilitonga, last Tu'i Tonga, d.1865, 64,
105; Fig. 1, 6, 9, 18, 28, 31, 31b Laume, 110 Lavaka, 132-4; Fig. 3 Lehapoto, 98 Leha'uli, 92 Lei, 118Leilua, Ve'ahala, 121, 124; Fig. 3, 20, 31b Leka, 68, 139; Fig. 26. See K iuve 'e taha L ekaum oana, Tu'ipelehake, 139, 140; Fig.
23, 24, 26, 27, 31c L iufau , Tu'i Ha'angana, Fig. 10, 25, 31b Lo'au, 92, 93, 97, 108, 115, 131. See T u 'i-
h a 'a m e a L o lohealoholoho , 143; Fig. 28 L o lo m an a 'ia , Tu'i'afitu , 106, 107; Fig. 4,
17L o m iae tu p u 'a , Tu'i Tonga, 95 Lom u'eiki (Lom u), 104L o n g o lo n g o 'a tu m ai, Feilakepa, 36, 132,
M a'afutukuiaulahi (M a'afu), 75, 132, 133,134, 135; Fig. 10, 21, 25, 31c. See H afo k a
180 INDEX
M a'atu, 33, 85, 106, 107, 108, 110, 131, 143, 159; Fig. 16, 19, 28, 30. See Latu- m ailangi, Ikam afan a , K ivalu
M aealiuaki (M areew agee, M arw eew agee, M arriw aggy), T u‘i Kanokupolu, T u‘i H a'atakalaua, 11, 20, 26, 27-9, 30, 37, 49, 50, 57, 59, 64, 76, 81, 83, 85, 110,115, 144, 145-6, 159; Fig. 2, 3, 11, 14, 16, 18, 19, 30
Maiava Olonuna, 131 Maiava T ekim oto, 131 M aile la tam ai, Fig. 24 M ailem otom oto , Fig. 3 M aka, 132, 133, 135; Fig. 21 M akahokovalu , 73, 85, 103, 106, 127; Fig.
6, 9, 18, 31b M akam aloh i, Tama Tauhala, 35-6; Fig. 1,
6, 18, 28 M akapapa, Fig. 19 M akauka, 96M alakai L avulou, Fig. 19, 31, 31b M alala, 119 M aliepo, 91, 97, 116 M alo fafa , 95 M aluheu, 131M aluo tau fa , M a‘afu, Fig. 10 M alupo (possibly E aro u p a), 21, 85, 97,
102, 103, 108; Fig. 30. See H aveapava M anulevu, 105; Fig. 2 M a n u m ata ‘ongo , Fig. 31b M anumu‘a, 104 M a n u p u p u i‘one, Fig. 18 M apa, T u‘iha‘ateiho, Fig. 18 M apa, Tui Ha'atakalaua, Fig. 24 M apakaitolo, 140 M a p ah a‘ano , Fig. 2M areew agee, M arw eew agee, M arriw aggy,
see M aealiuaki M asila, 119M atae leh a 'am ea , T u‘i Kanokupolu, 23, 76,
N gata, T u‘i Kanokupolu, T u‘i Ha'a- mo'unga, 32, 63, 68, 78, 113, 115-18, 120, 121, 123, 124, 125, 126, 134, 146; Fig. 2, 3, 12, 20
N gata, Vuna N gata, 136; Fig. 22, 31
‘Osaiasi V eikune, 105, 111; Fig. 2, 18,.22, 31
O tago, O ta-go, see S ia le 'a taongo
Paku , 85; Fig. 15 Paleinangalu , 106; Fig. 17 Paleisasa, 118, 145; Fig. 21, 30 Panuve, Fig. 19 Pasiaka, 143Pau, T u‘i Tonga, see P au laho P au la H alaevalu , Fig. 13 P au la T u ‘itavakefanga, Ha'a M a'afu , 82;
Fig. 12Pau laho , Fatafeh i (F u ttafa ihe , F attafee ,
the King, Pou lahe , Pou laho), 23, 24,25, 26, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 36, 37, 38; ‘inasi 39-44; 47-50, 56, 59, 61, 67, 70, 96, 99, 100, 106, 117, 119, 123, 139, 142, 143, 165-6 n.40; P a u ’s sister 29-30; Fig. 1, 4, 5, 6, 17, 18, 25, 29, 30. P a u ’s son, see F uanunu iava; P a u ’s b ro ther, see M a‘u lupeko to fa
Penisim anu L atuselu , Fig. 19 Polutele, Tuita, 144; Fig. 30, 31b P o‘oi, 21; T u ‘i H a ‘apai, 144, 158; Fig. 22,
30P oponatu i, 143P oulahe, P ou laho , see P au laho P upunu , 143
Salesi, Fig. 18Semisi F onua, Kalaniuvalu-Fotofili, Fig. 31 Setaleki M um ui, Fig. 28, 31b S iale 'a taongo (A ttago , A tago, O ta-go), 11,
12, 14, 15, 16, 17-18, 24 S iale 'a taongo , son o f Ma'afu Fisi, Fig. 31 Sika, 119 Sikei, 120Silivaka‘ifanga, T u‘i H a'atakalaua, 114;
Fig. 2, 11Sina'e, 103-6, 108, 112, 157, 159; Fig. 12 Sioeli P angia, Fig. 1Sione F atuk im otu la lo , Tui H a'ateiho, Fig.
18Sione Lam ipeti, Fig. 13, 31c Sione N gu, T u‘ipelehake, Fig. 31, 31c
Sione V una, T u‘i H a'ateiho, Fig. 18 S iotam i, M a'afu, Fig. 31c S iosaia L ausi'i, Fig. 31c S isim a ta 'ila 'a , 107-8 S isitoutai, Fig. 28S iulangapo, Tu'i Ha'atakalaua, Fig. 2 Soakai, 70, 97-8Sunia M afile 'o , Ha'a Ma'afu, 82; Fig. 13,
18, 19, 24, 28, 31, 31b, 31c
Tafea, 106 T afolo, 104-5; Fig. 1 Tahifisi, 68, 96 Taione (T ioonee), 11 T aipa, see Tapa Takai, 109 Takaihouma, 131T akalaua , Tu'i Tonga, 78, 95, 96, 97, 98 T akalaua , 'eiki o f 'Eua, 96 T akavaka, Fig. 9T ak itak im aloh i, Vuna (M arin er’s V una),
136, 140, 142, 143; Fig. 22, 27, 29 T alafale , Tu'ifaleua, 90, 92, 95 T a la - 'i-H a 'ap ep e , Tu'i Tonga, 94 T alakaifa ik i, Tu'i Tonga, 94, 116 Talapalo, 96T ala tam a, Tu'i Tonga, 94 T a lau m o k afo a , 142; Fig. 22, 29 T a lia 'u li, 111, 145; Fig. 2, 22 Tamale, 104Tama Tauhala, 35-6. See M akam aloh i T am osia, 95T anekitonga, Tu'i H a'atakalaua, Fig. 2 T angaloa, 89, 92; T angaloa T ufunga, 89;
T angaloa 'E itu m a tu p u 'a , 90 T an g a ta 'o lak ep a (young T oobough), 11,
16, 24, 146; Fig. 30 Tangipa, 131Tapa (Taipa, T apah ), 19, 20, 21 T apah , see Taps!T apueluelu , Fig. 31cT ap u 'o si, 31, 32-3, 34, 60, 67, 85, 106; Fig.
1, 5, 16, 17 T a ta fu , Tu'i Ha'atakalaua, 85, 96, 111,
112-14; Fig. 2, 15, 18 T a ta fu 'e ik im e im u 'a , Tu'i Tonga, 94-5, 102 Tau'atevalu, 108, 133, 139; Fig. 25 T a u fa 'a h a u , Tu'i Kanokupolu /845-1893,
King George Tupou I, 55, 64, 68, 72, 75, 83, 105, 108, 116, 118, 164; T u 'i H a 'a p a i 144; Fig. 3, 6, 10, 13, 24, 25, 31
T a u fa 'a h a u , Tupou II, Tu'i Kanokupolu,
182 INDEX
T u‘ipelehake, d.1918, 55, 105; Fig. 3,19, 24, 25, 31
T a u fa 'a h a u , Tupou IV, Tu‘i Kanokupolu, T ungi, T upouto‘a, 55, 64, 83, 115; Fig.2, 3, 14, 19, 24, 31, 31b, 31c
Taufatofua, 110, 111 T au fa to u ta i, Luani, 114 T avake, Fig. 19 Telai, 106T ele‘a, T u ‘i T onga, see ‘U lu ak im a ta
24, 25, 31b T ioonee, see Taione T o h u 'ia , 116, 118Tokem oana, 104-5, 142, 145; Fig. 29, 30.
See T o n g a to u ta i, T o u ta ito k o tah a Tolo, see M apakaitolo T ongafa leo la , 105, 111; Fig. 2, 18, 22 T ong ak ak au , 73; Fig. 8 T onga F usifonua, 89, 90 T o ngam ana, 143; Fig. 1, 4, 25, 28, 30 Tongam atam oana, 110, 111 T o n g a tan g ak itau lu p ek ifo lah a , T u‘i H a'a
takalaua, 105, 115, 138; Fig. 2, 11, 23 T ongato u ta i, T okem oana, 143; Fig. 29 T ongotea, 108, 133T o o b o u , T oobo u g h , “ Y oung T o o b o u ” see
T an g a ta 'o lak ep a ; “ O ld T o o b o u ” see T upou
T o o b o u e ito a , see T u p o u to 'a , T u‘i Kanokupolu
T ooboulangee, see Tupoulangi T ooeelakaipa, see T u‘ilakepa T opui, Fig. 19 T o'uli, 108T o u ta ito k o tah a , Tokem oana, 142; Fig. 29 Tovi, 116, 118, 124, 125 T u ‘a lau , see K iuve 'e taha , Leka T uapasi, see ‘U lu k a la la -‘i-P ouono Tu‘i ‘Sfitu, 33, 107, 141; Fig. 28. See Lolo-
m a n a 'ia Tu'iam anave, 97, 98 T u‘i ‘Eua, 127, 159Tu‘i Faleua, 90, 91, 92, 107, 108, 139. See
T alafale T u'ifolaha, 91T u‘iha‘amea, 92, 111, 131, 133; Fig. 21, 22.
See A k ato a , L o 'au T u‘i H a‘am o‘unga, see N gata , 116
T u‘iha‘angana, 68, 85, 95, 102-3, 108, 139, 140; Fig. 13, 25. See F u apau (H iku le‘o), F ifitapuku , L iufau , L ataim aum i
T u‘i Ha'apai, 127, 143, 144, 147, 159 Tu‘i H a'atakalaua, 60, 62, 63, 64, 68, 75,
79, 80, 96, 97, 99-102, 104, 108, 109-15,116, 120, 123, 125, 128, 129, 137, 140,146, 156-9, 163; m oheofo 99; “ T u 'ike- lekele” 96; Fig. 2 ,1 1 . See Hau, see H a‘a takalaua
Tu'iha'ateiho, 23, 32, 33, 34, 36, 60, 68, 106, 107, 108, 147;_Fig. 17, 18. See F a k a ta k a tu 'u , T u n g im an a 'ia , H avea- T ungua, F a 'o tu s ia (F a k ah ik u o 'u ih a), A fi'a fo la h a , Fulilangi, K olokivaitupu
Tu'iha'atu'unga, 132, 133; Fig. 21 T u 'ih ak av a lu , Fig. 22 T u 'ih a la fa ta i, F inau (Feenou, Fenough,
Feenough), T u‘i Kanokupolu, 20, 21,22, 23, 24, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 37, 38, 50, 51, 145; Identity o f F inau 19-20, 49-50; Fig. 1, 3, 30, 31, 31b
63, 64, 67, 68, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 98, 102, 104, 109, 113-14, 115-47, 156-64; kava 25-6, 124-6; H a 'a M oheofo 117; Fig. 3, 7, 12, 30. See Hau, see T u 'ih a l a f a t a i ( C o o k ’ s F i n a u ) , see M aealiuaki
Tu'i Kelekele, nicknam e o f T u 'i H a 'a ta k a laua, 96
Tu'ilakepa, 32, 33, 34-5, 60, 67, 68, 73, 85,106, 107, 108, 147; Fig. 9, 17. See T a p u 'o s i , F e h o k o m o e la n g i- ' i-F is i, F o n om anu , L a tu n ip u lu - 'i-T ea fu a , Na- 'u tu , 'I lo a - 'i-L an g ik ap u , A palaham e
T u 'ilak ep a H a 'a m o a , Fig. 17 Tu'iloloko, 91, 97 Tu'im atahau, 97 T u‘im otuliki, 97 Tu'i Nayau, 118, 145 T u 'in u k u lav e , Fig. 22 T u 'io e tau , Vuna, 136, 142; Fig. 22, 29 T u 'i 'o n e to a , 73; Fig. 8 T u 'ion u k u lav e , Tu'i Ha'atakalaua, 114;
K ahom ovailahi, ‘U lukivaio la , ‘Isileli T upou , L au filitonga, M akahokovalu
T u‘italau, 97T u 'ita tu i, T u‘i Tonga, 32, 94, 98 Tu‘i Tonga, 18, 22, 24, 26, 33, 36, 38, 51,
55, 57, 59-64, 66, 67, 69, 77, 78, 89-109, 120, 123, 128, 129, 135, 137, 140, 156-64; Fig. 1, 7, 12; kava 25-6; ‘inasi 39-47, 53, 56-7, 141; m oem oe 48-9, 53; fo ta 53-4, m oheofo 59, 60, 64, 99-100, 104-5, Fig. 7; legends 89-96; s in a‘e 103-6. See Kauhala‘uta; see P au lah o , M a 'u lu p ek o to fa , F a k a n a 'a n a 'a
Tu'itufu, 110T u itu io h u , 76, 135, 140-1, 143, 144; Fig. 3,
12, 28, 29 Tu'i 'U vea, 112 Tuivai, 98Tu'ivakano, 125, 132, 133, 134; Fig. 3, 21 Tu‘i Vava'u, 127, 140, 141, 147, 158 T ukai, 106; Fig. 17T u k u 'a h o , Tu'i Kanokupolu, d.1799, 23,
36, 55, 76, 81, 82, 110, 112, 117, 134,135, 143, 144, 146, 162; T u 'i 'E u a 113,147, 159; Fig. 1, 3, 5, 13, 18, 22, 29, 30
T u k u 'a h o , son o f Tungi H ala tu itu ia , 115;Fig. 2, 14, 19, 24, 28, 31, 31b, 31c
T u luvo ta , 95 T u n a , Fig. 28Tungi, 68, 83, 85, 114. See H ala tu itu ia ,
Tungi M ailefihi Tungi M ailefihi, 64, 115; Fig. 2, 14, 19, 24,
28, 31, 31b, 31c T u n g im an a 'ia , Tu'iha'ateiho, 106, 140,
145; Fig. 1, 17, 18, 30 Tupo, 131T upou (T oobough), Fam ily nam e o f T u 'i
K anokupolu , 19, 28; “ O ld T o o b o u ” 27-9, 37, 49-50, 59; “ Y oung T o o b o u ” see T an g a ta 'o lak ep a
T u p o u 'ah o m e 'e , 36 T u p o u h a 'ap a i, Fig. 28, 31b T u p o u 'ila , 28; Fig. 3, 13, 30
T u pou lah i, Tu'i Kanokupolu, 19, 20, 27-9, 49, 65, 81, 117, 144, 145, 146, 159; Fig. 1, 3, 4, 6 ,, 13, 18, 25, 30
T u p o u lah is i'i, Tu'i K anokupolu, 36; Fig.1, 3, 5, 9, 13, 17, 31
Tupoulangi (Tooboulangee), 19 T upoum aloh i, Tu'i Kanokupolu, d.I812,
Fig. 3, 13, 28, 30, 31b T upou n iu a , 55, 112, 137, 142, 143, 146;
Fig. 25, 28T u p o u to 'a (T o o b o u e ito a ) , T u'i Kano
kupolu 1812-1820, 23-4, 36, 55, 117, 141, 158; T u 'i H a 'a p a i 144; Fig. 3, 10,13, 18, 29, 31
T u p o u to 'a , son o f TK Tuku'aho, 110 T u p o u to 'a , son o f TK Mata'eleha'amea,
140, 144; Fig. 1, 3, 4, 5, 6 Tupouto'a, Ha'a Ma'afu, 83. See M atei-
alona T u 'u a k ita u , Fig. 30 Tu'uhetoka, 110
U atem olipala , Fig. 19, 25, 28, 31b U elingitoni N gu, Ha'a Ma'afu, 81, 83; Fig.
3, 13, 25 Uhatafe, 98 Uhi, 116, 118-19 'U hilam oelang i, Fig. 18 Uili K alaniuvalu , Fig. 29, 25, 28, 31b Ula, 116; Fig. 19, 24U lakai, Ha'a Ma'afu, 81, 82; ‘eiki o f ‘E ua
113; Fig. 3, 13, 19, 22, 28, 31c ‘U luak im ata , Tu'i Tonga, 105, 114; Fig. 1,
2, 5, 11, 17, 18, 23‘U lu ak im ata (T ele‘a), Tu'i Tonga, 32, 98,
V aeam atoka , Tu'i H a'atakalaua, Fig. 2 Va'eno, 116Vaha'i, 73, 85, 109, 121-4, 127; Fig. 8,
18, 31b Vakalahi Fuiono, 119 Vakalahi H a'atala'uli, 119 V akalah im ohe 'u li, Tu'i Ha'atakalaua, Fig.
2V akalepu, 'A hio, 120, 121; Fig. 3, 20 V akam eilalo , Fig. 19 V ak a 'u tap o la , Fig. 31b V aoloa, Nuku, 115, 116, 117, 123; Fig. 2,
20
IN DEX OF W OM EN
A fa, Fig. 1, 31, 31b A fu, daughter o f Vaha'i, Fig. 18 A fu , daughter o f Niukapu, Fig. 31c A fu H a 'a p a i, Fig. 31b 'A kanese T onga L auk au , Fig. 18 'A lilia, Fig. 31c'A m elia F ak a h ik u o 'u ih a , Tamaha, 20, 31,
34-5, 36, 92, 114; Fig. 1, 5, 6, 18 'A nasein i, Fig. 28, 31b 'A nasein i T upouveiho la , Fig. 19, 31, 31b,
31c'A nauk ihesina , moheofo o f TT Tu'ipulotu,
99, 144; Fig. 1, 5, 6, 17, 30 'A n auk ihesina , daughter o f Ngalumoe
tutulu, Fig. 31b 'A n auk ihesina , daughter o f Sione Lami-
peti, Fig. 31c A ne T u pou Falefehi, Fig. 28 'A sen ah an a , Fig. 18 A ta F ak ah au , 146 'A ta lu a , Fig. 2 A te, 141, 144-5; Fig. 30, 31b A tu h ak au tap u , Fig. 31
99, 130, 132, 133, 135-7, 140, 141, 143, 158; Fig. 3, 21, 22. See N gata, T u 'i- 'o e ta u , T a k ita k im a lo h i (M a r in e r ’s V una).
V una, 'A hom e'e, Fig. 31 V una (M alasp ina’s V una), see F a 'o tu s ia
F ak ah ik u o 'u ih a V una Lahi, see V una, Tu'i Kanokupolu,
Tu'i Vava'u
A N D THEIR TITLES
'E k u to n g ap ip ik i, Tu'i Tonga Fefine, 34, 106; Fig. 1, 5, 16, 17
'E len o a , daughter o f Mele Pusiaki, Fig. 19 'E lenoa, daughter o f Halaevalu Moheofo,
Fig. 28 'E va, Fig. 31b
F ak ah ik u o 'u ih a , Tamaha, see 'A m elia F ak ah ik u o 'u ih a
F akalo lom atakai, Fig. 18 F ana, Fig. 6, 18F an e tu p o u v av a 'u , Fig. 13, 19, 24, 28, 31,
31b, 31c F angaafa , Fig. 18F atafeh i, daughter o f TT Kau'ulufonua,
132; Fig. 2, 21 F atafeh i, daughter o f TT Tu'itatui, 94 F atafeh i, daughter o f Vilai, Fig. 31b F atafeh i F angaafa , Fig. 9 F atafeh i H a 'a p a i, Tu'i Tonga Fefine, Fig.
1, 6Fatafeh i H oleva, 142; Fig. 29, 31b F atafeh i L apaha, Tu'i Tonga Fefine, 36,
INDEX 185
139, 165-6 n.40; Fig. 5, 6, 18, 25 F atafeh i L ilika, Fig. 18 Fatefehi O ngo 'a lupe , Fig. 22 Fata im oem anu , Fig. 19 F eh i'a , 142; Fig. 28 Fetunu , 122; Fig. 20 F ifita H oleva, Fig. 10, 25, 28, 31b F ifita— V ava‘u, Fig. 13, 25 F inau, Fig. 22 Finau K aunanga, Fig. 13 F inau le 'o , Fig. 18 F onokim oana, Fig. 31b Fotofili Fefine, 76 F ounuku , 145; Fig. 20 F u lifua‘a tonga, Fig. 25 F unak im anu , Fig. 2F usipala , daughter o f TH Mata'ele-
ha'amea, 76, 138-9, 162; Fig. 2, 11, 23,24, 26
Fusipala, daughter o f THT Kolokivaitupu, Fig. 18
Fusipala , daughter o f Tevita 'Unga, d.1888, Fig. 3
Fusipala, daughter o f Tupou II, d.I933, Fig. 19
Fusipala, daughter o f Tu'ipelehake, Fig. 31b
Fusipala P angai, Fig. 22Fusipala T au k i'o n e tu k u , Fig. 18, 24, 25
H a h an o k ifan g a 'u ta , 139, 140; Fig. 24, 25,26, 27
H alaevalu, moheofo, daughter o f TK Mataeleha'amea, Fig. 1
H alaevalu , daughter o f TK Mumui and Tu'imala, Fig. 30
H alaevalu , daughter o f TK Mumui and Lepolo, Fig. 30
H alaevalu, daughter o f Paku, 85, 111; Fig. 15
H alaevalufonongovainga, Fig. 19 H alaevalukovi, Fig. 18 H alaevalu M a ta ‘aho , daughter o f TK
Tupouto'a, Fig. 1, 18, 19, 31 H alaevalu M a ta ‘aho , mother o f ‘Anaeseini
Tupouveihola, Fig. 31b H alaevalu M a ta 'a h o , daughter o f 'Aho
me'e, Fig. 31 H alaevalum oheofo , moheofo o f the Tama
Tauhala (Makamalohi), daughter o f Finau ‘Ulukalala-‘i-Feletoa, 36; Fig. 6,18, 28
H a la e v a lu m o h e o fo , daughter o f TK Mumui, 137-8; Fig. 22, 25
H eu 'ifan g a , Fig. 31 H ifo , 120; Fig. 20 H ineh inatelang i, 106; Fig. 2, 17 H o k o 'iam ailan g i, Fig. 18 H u lita tu ‘ifua, Fig. 25
Ikah ih ifo , 132Ikatonga, 83; Fig. 14, 19, 30
K aloafu tonga, moheofo, daughter o f TH M o'unga-‘o-Tonga, 99; Fig. 1, 17
K aloafu tonga, daughter o f TH Vaea, 76, 115, 137; Fig. 2, 11, 23
K alolaine, Fig. 13 K au fo 'o u , 120; Fig. 20 K aufusi, Fig. 30 K aunanga, Fig. 19, 25, 28, 31 K avakipopua, 145; Fig. 30
L apu lou , 143; Fig. 28 L apuloufis i, Fig. 17 L a tu ‘ala ifo tu ik a , Fig. 31b L atu fu ip ek a , Tamaha, 32, 34-5, 36, 62, 68,
L atun iua , Fig. 1 ,3 1 b L a tu tam a , T u‘i Tonga Fefine, 32, 94 L a tu tam a , daughter o f TK, TH Maea
liuaki, 85; Fig. 16, 28, 30 L atu tam a, daughter o f Fakatakatu'u, 144,
145L a tu ta m a , daughter o f THT Tungi-
mana'ia, Fig. 18 L an g ilang iha 'a lum a, Fig. 30 L aum anak ilupe , 23, 99; Fig. 1 ,4 , 5, 6, 17 Lavinia , daughter o f Fotofili, Fig. 31 L avinia V eiongo, daughter o f Laufilitonga,
68; Fig. 1, 13, 31 L avinia V eiongo, daughter o f Tokanga,
mother o f Salote Pilolevu, Fig. 24, 31 L eafa, Fig. 18 L eh a‘uku , Fig. 22 Lelenoa, 106; Fig. 2, 17 L epolo , Fig. 30Letele, 106, 107, 141; Fig. 4, 17, 28 L ongo, 76, 105, 114; Fig. 2, 11, 18, 23 Losaline F atafeh i, 36; Fig. 31b L upekauo la , Fig. 18
186 INDEX
L upem eitaku i, 145; Fig. 18, 30 L u p e p a u 'u , 36, 92; Fig. 1 , 6 , 13 L useane, Fig. 31, 31b
M a 'a fu , 139; Fig. 26 M afihape, Fig. 31, 31b M a fi‘u li‘uli, Fig. 18, 24 M anuna, 137-8; Fig. 1 M ap ato u ta i, Fig. 19 M ataele, Fig. 13, 22 M a ta 'u k ip a , 106; Fig. 17 M ateita lo , Fig. 24 M elenaite, Fig. 31 Mele P usiak i, Fig. 19, 25, 28, 31b M elesiu ilikutapu, Fig. 19, 24, 28, 31, 31b,
31cM ohu lam upangai, 132; Fig. 21 M o ‘u n g a -‘o -L ak ep a (M o u n g ao u lak a ip a ),
31, 56, 59; Fig. 1, 4, 6, 17 M uim ui, Fig. 19
N anasin ifuna , Fig. 2N an as ip au 'u , T u‘i Tonga Fefine, 33, 34,
N ua, daughter o f Lo'au, 92, 94 N ua, daughter o f Tu'i Ha'atakalaua, 111 N gako , Fig. 13 N galu, 141; Fig. 28
‘O fa, Fig. 31 'O fak iv av a 'u , Fig. 19 'O tu 'a n g u , Fig. 22, 31
P ak u , 111 P alu la , Fig. 2 Paluleleva, Fig. 19 P a lu v av a 'u , Fig. 19 P ap a , 131-2; Fig. 21, 22 P asikole, Fig. 13P auline F a k a h ik u o 'u ih a , Fig. 18, 31P e 'e , Fig. 30Pepe, 106; Fig. 17Pesi, Fig. 18P eti, Fig. 31cPilolevu, 31bP o p u a 'u li 'u li , see K avak ipopua
Salote M afile 'o P ilo levu, Tupou III, Tu'i K anokupolu, d.1965. 55 , 64, 115, 164; Fig. 2, 3, 13, 14, 19, 24, 31, 31b, 31c
Salote P ilolevu, Fig. 24
Sim oa, Fig. 31b S im ulata, Fig. 22 S im uoko, Fig. 2S in aitakala-'i-F anakavak ilang i, Tu'i Tonga
Fefine, 18, 31, 33, 67, 106; Fig. 1, 4, 17 S in a i ta k a la - 'i '-F e k ite te le , T u 'i T onga
Fefine, 36, 165-6 n.40. Fig. 1, 5, 6, 18 S in a i ta k a la - 'i -L a n g i le k a , T u 'i T on ga
S in a i t a k a la - 'i - L o tu n o f o , T u 'i T on ga Fefine, Fig. 1, 18
S inalau li'i, Fig. 18 Sisifa, 144; Fig. 30 Sisilia, Fig. 31 Siu, Fig. 13, 18 S iu iliku tapu , Fig. 31 Siulolovao, Fig. 28, 31b S iu m afu a 'u ta , 100, 139, 143; Fig. 1, 4, 5, 6,
17, 25, 28, 30 S u i'u lu a , 144; Fig. 29, 30, 31b Sungu, Fig. 2
T aem anusa, Fig. 19, 24 T afo lo , 111 T ahi, 145T akala , moheofo, Fig. 1, 17 T akala , Fig. 18 T ak ipo , Fig. 19, 24 T a la 'a o , 139 T alafaiva, 107T alau m o te 'em o a , 112, 141; Fig. 28 T alia 'u li, Fig. 31b T alia 'u lilah i, 111 T alitu lelu , 144TamahS, 127. S ee 'A m e lia F ak ah ik u o 'u ih a ,
L atu fu ipeka , T u 'im a la , F a 'o tu s ia . T am m aha, see TamahS T apuk itea , Fig. 28, 31b T aufah o am o fa leo n o , 75, 108; Fig. 10, 13,
25, 31b Tdufa Tofua Fefine, 76 T a u fa 'u li'u li, 111; Fig. 2, 22 T aupeavai, Fig. 19 T eufaiva, Fig. 19 T eukialupe, Fig. 22T oa, moheofo, daughter o f TH Vaea, 105;
Fig. 1T oa, daughter o f TK Mata'eleha'amea, 139 T oafilim o e 'u n g a , 118, 132, 145; Fig. 21, 30 T o a 'ila , Fig. 19T o e 'u m u , 76, 136, 143, 162, T u 'i V ava'u
INDEX 187
140; Fig. 22, 24, 25, 26, 27, 31c T o h u 'ia , 68, 113 T okanga, Fig. 24, 31 T okanga F u ifu ilupe, 112 T ongotea, moheofo, 76, 139, 162; Fig. 1 T o to ‘in u k u o ‘osi, Fig. 22 T ufui, 141; Fig. 28 Tu‘i‘3fitu Fefine, 76 T u 'ifan g a tu k ia , Fig. 22, 28, 31b T u ‘ilakepa (T ooeelakaipa), sister o f Latu-
nipulu-‘i-Teafua, 31-2, 36; Fig. 4, 17 Tu‘ilakepa Fefine, 36, 76, 145 T u ‘ilokam ana, 99, 100 T u ‘im aia, Tamaha, 32, 34-5, 36, 132; Fig.
1, 5, 17, 21 T u 'im ala , wife o f TK Mumui, 146; Fig. 30 T u‘i Tonga Fefine, 32, 33, 34, 36, 59, 60-
62, 67, 68, 76; Fig. 1, 7. See S inaitakala- ‘i-Fek itetele , S in a itak a la -‘i-F anakava- kilangi, S inaitakala-‘i-Langileka, L a tu tam a, N an asip au 'u , ‘E kutongapip ik i, Fatafeh i L apahi, F atafeh i H a 'a p a i
T u itu iohu , 112 T ukuvaka, 141; Fig. 28 Tule, Fig. 30 T ulukava, 14 T una, Fig. 31b T u p o u 'ah au , Fig. 25, 28, 31b T u p o u ‘ahom e‘e, Fig. 13, 19, 31 T upoufalem ei, moheofo, Fig. 1 Tupou F angaafa , Fig. 31b T upouko lo to lu , Fig. 13 T upoum oheofo , moheofo o f Tu'i Tonga
n.40; Fig. 1, 3, 4, 6, 30, 31 T upo u p ap an g a , 140; Fig. 22, 27 T upousein i, daughter o f Vaea, Fig. 31 T u p o u tu 'a , Fig. 28 T upouvaivai, Fig. 22T upouveiongo , moheofo o f TT Fuanu
nuiava, Fig. 1, 24, 25, 30 T upouveiongo, daughter o f Ma'atu, Fig. 28 T upouveitonga , 139; Fig. 25 T u p u tu p u -‘o -P u lo tu , Fig. 19, 24, 26, 27,
28, 31cT u 'u ta n g ah u n u h u n u , 104-5, 111; Fig. 1, 15
13, 22, 25, 28, 29, 30 ‘U m ukisia, 132; Fig. 21 U ngatea, 139; Fig. 1, 25, 31
V a‘asi, Fig. 22 V aelaveam ata (Vae), 95 V a 'ep o p u a , 90V aito ifanga (V aetoe 'ifanga), 116 V aohoi, Fig. 17, 31 V ealapa, Fig. 18 V eale 'ovale, Fig. 6V eiongo, see T upouveiongo , daughter o f
