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Kansas Transition from Ground Kansas Transition from Ground Water Development to Enhanced Water Development to Enhanced
Ground Water ManagementGround Water Management
Define the ResourceBeneficial Use
Protect and Control
Thomas L. Huntzinger, P.E.
Kansas Department of Agriculture
Division of Water Resources
Water AvailabilityWater AvailabilityPrimary Aquifers
Potential Natural Recharge for the Potential Natural Recharge for the High Plains Aquifer in KansasHigh Plains Aquifer in Kansas
Potential Natural Recharge for the Potential Natural Recharge for the High Plains Aquifer in KansasHigh Plains Aquifer in Kansas
“All water within the state of Kansas is hereby dedicated to the use of the people of the state,
subject to the control and regulation of the state in the manner herein prescribed.”
K.S.A. 82a-702.(History: L. 1945.)
Water – A Public ResourceWater – A Public Resource
Water ManagementWater Management
“No person shall have the power or authority to acquire an appropriation right to the use of water
for other than domestic use without first obtaining the approval of the chief engineer, …(History: L. 1945; amended 1957.)”
K.S.A.82a-705 Acquisition of appropriation right to use water
Water ManagementWater Management
Principles of Prior Appropriation
First in Time First in Right
1. Submit an application – obtain priority
2. Approval – is water available, without impairment
3. Proposed use is reasonable
4. Certification – put to beneficial use
Water ManagementWater ManagementPermits and Water Rights
1. Priority date
2. Maximum authorized quantity
3. Maximum rate of diversion
4. Place of use
5. Type of use
6. Location of point(s) of diversion
Water Right ChangesWater Right Changes
• Chief Engineer may Chief Engineer may approve a changeapprove a change
• Must not increase Must not increase maximum authorized maximum authorized quantityquantity
• Must not increase Must not increase consumptive useconsumptive use
• Must not impair other Must not impair other existing rightsexisting rights
Water ManagementWater ManagementGroundwater Management Districts•Proper management•Conservation•Prevent economic deterioration•Stabilize agriculture K.S.A. 82a-1020
Western Kansas GMD #1Southwest Kansas GMD #3Northwest Kansas GMD #4
Equus Beds GMD #2 Big Bend GMD #5
#4
#1
#3
#5 #2
Water ManagementWater Management
IGUCA•Unique management approach•Declining water levels•Withdrawal exceeds recharge•Preventable waste•Other requirements
Intensive Groundwater Use Control Areas
Water ManagementWater ManagementClosed and Restricted Areas
KANSAS WATER PLANNINGKANSAS WATER PLANNING
KANSAS WATER AUTHORITYKANSAS WATER AUTHORITY
• Chairman Appointed by GovernorChairman Appointed by Governor
• Voting MembersVoting Members– Water Interest GroupsWater Interest Groups
– Legislative AppointeesLegislative Appointees
• Ex-Officio – Non-Voting MembersEx-Officio – Non-Voting Members– State Water Agency HeadsState Water Agency Heads
KANSAS WATER PLANKANSAS WATER PLAN
• Kansas Water Office prepares plans in Kansas Water Office prepares plans in coordination with state water agencies.coordination with state water agencies.
• Plan Approved by the Water Authority.Plan Approved by the Water Authority.
• Plan recommends policies to Governor and Plan recommends policies to Governor and Legislature.Legislature.
HIGH PLAINS WATER HIGH PLAINS WATER MANAGEMENTMANAGEMENT
• Advisory Committee of Water UsersAdvisory Committee of Water Users
• Convened: Director of the Kansas Water OfficeConvened: Director of the Kansas Water Office
• Chairman: Irrigation FarmerChairman: Irrigation Farmer
• Charge: Recommend Strategy to Address Charge: Recommend Strategy to Address DepletionDepletion
RECOMMENDATIONSRECOMMENDATIONS
Protocols –Protocols –
Groundwater Management Districts LeadGroundwater Management Districts Lead
Define Hydrologic SubunitsDefine Hydrologic Subunits
Approved by Division of Water ResourcesApproved by Division of Water Resources
Data at Square Mile ScaleData at Square Mile Scale
Priority Aquifer Subunits Defined by Projected Priority Aquifer Subunits Defined by Projected Useful Lifetime & Water Use Density within Useful Lifetime & Water Use Density within
Southwest Kansas Water Management District #3Southwest Kansas Water Management District #3
RECOMMENDATIONSRECOMMENDATIONS
Concepts –Concepts –
Projected Useful LifeProjected Useful Life
Water Use DensityWater Use Density
Threshold Pumping RatesThreshold Pumping RatesIdentify Priority SubunitsIdentify Priority Subunits
Results at Township ScaleResults at Township Scale
RECOMMENDATIONSRECOMMENDATIONS
ImplementationImplementation
Incentive-Based ProgramsIncentive-Based Programs
Buyout/Water Right RetirementBuyout/Water Right Retirement
Cost Share in Transition to DrylandCost Share in Transition to Dryland
Follow Kansas Water LawFollow Kansas Water Law
Regulatory OptionsRegulatory Options
Increased Compliance EnforcementIncreased Compliance Enforcement
Appropriation of WaterAppropriation of WaterK.S.A. 82a-711 and 711aK.S.A. 82a-711 and 711a
Neither impairs an existing rightNeither impairs an existing right
Unreasonable lowering of water tableUnreasonable lowering of water table
Beyond a reasonable economic limitBeyond a reasonable economic limit
Nor unreasonably affects the public interestNor unreasonably affects the public interest
Safe yieldSafe yield
PriorityPriority
Amount of each claim to use waterAmount of each claim to use water
Economics for existing water usersEconomics for existing water users
Existing rights can be satisfiedExisting rights can be satisfied
Walnut Creek IGUCAWalnut Creek IGUCA
Allocation Equal Safe YieldAllocation Equal Safe Yield
Allocated by Priority in % of AuthorizedAllocated by Priority in % of Authorized
Vested Rights – 100% Vested Rights – 100%
Appropriations prior to Safe Yield (1967) – 60%Appropriations prior to Safe Yield (1967) – 60%
Appropriations after 1967 – 40%Appropriations after 1967 – 40%
• Authorized Quantity in 2 Mile Circle: 8611 AFAuthorized Quantity in 2 Mile Circle: 8611 AF
• Authorized Quantity for File Number 10,497: 310 AFAuthorized Quantity for File Number 10,497: 310 AF
• Authorized Quantity for File Number 11,024: 200 AFAuthorized Quantity for File Number 11,024: 200 AF
• Estimated Potential Annual Recharge: 0.5 inchesEstimated Potential Annual Recharge: 0.5 inches
• Safe Yield Quantity for 2 Mile Circle: 251.33 AFSafe Yield Quantity for 2 Mile Circle: 251.33 AF
Two Mile Circle
Dryland SorghumDryland Sorghum
May-June-July Precipitation vs. Dryland Sorghum Yield, Sheridan County
020
4060
80100
120
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
May-June-July Precipitation (inches/year)
So
rgh
um
Yie
ld
(bu
shel
s/ac
re)
Series1
Selected Seasonal PrecipitationSelected Seasonal Precipitation
Decade Decade 8 inches8 inches 9 inches 10 inches9 inches 10 inches
1950 thru 591950 thru 59 3.523.52 6.556.55 10.5510.55
1960 thru 691960 thru 69 0.040.04 1.041.04 2.042.04
1970 thru 791970 thru 79 0.530.53 1.531.53 2.82.8
1980 thru 891980 thru 89 6.456.45 8.458.45 11.1111.11
1990 thru 991990 thru 99 0.510.51 1.511.51 2.512.51
Estimated recharge per decade is 5 to 10 inches.Estimated recharge per decade is 5 to 10 inches.
Total Decadal Precipitation Deficit from Selected Seasonal Precipitation
Useful Sources of InformationUseful Sources of Information
• Perspectives on Sustainable Development of Perspectives on Sustainable Development of Water Resources in Kansas, by Marios Water Resources in Kansas, by Marios Sophocleous, Ed., Kansas Geological Survey, Sophocleous, Ed., Kansas Geological Survey, 19981998
• Estimates of Freshwater Storage and Potential Estimates of Freshwater Storage and Potential Natural Recharge for Principal Aquifers in Natural Recharge for Principal Aquifers in Kansas, by Christi V. Hansen, U.S. Geological Kansas, by Christi V. Hansen, U.S. Geological Survey, 1991Survey, 1991
• Kansas Water Appropriation Act, Kansas Kansas Water Appropriation Act, Kansas Statutes 82a-701 thru 735Statutes 82a-701 thru 735
• http://www.kgs.ku.edu/HighPlainshttp://www.kgs.ku.edu/HighPlains