Ik;gJ Mz;LfSf;Fk; Nkyhd ghuk;gupak;
aho;g;ghzj;jpd; jiyrpwe;jJk;, goik tha;e;jJkhd cijge;jhl;lf; fofq;fspy; kapypl;b
fz;zfp tpisahl;Lf;fofKk; xd;whFk;. Mdhy; kapypl;bapd; cijge;jhl;l tuyhW fz;zfp
tpisahl;Lf;fofk; Njhd;Wtjw;Fg; gy Mz;LfSf;F Kd;Ng Muk;gpj;Jtpl;lJ. kapypl;bapy;
fz;zfp tpisahl;Lf;fofj;jpd; Njhw;wj;jpw;F Kd;G ,U tpisahl;Lf;fofq;fs; xd;wd; gpd;
xd;whf kapypl;b kf;fshy; cUthf;fg;gl;L, mit gy rpNefG+h;t kw;Wk; Rw;Wg;Nghl;b
Kiwapyhd cijge;jhl;l Nghl;bfspy; gq;Fgw;wpapUe;jd. mt;tzpfs; kapypl;b rdr%f
epiya kw;Wk; GS ];uhh; tpisahl;Lf;fofq;fshFk;;.
kapypl;b rdr%f epiya tpisahl;Lf;fofk ;;kapypl;bapd; ike;jh;fs; Kjd;Kjyhf xU tpisahl;Lf;fofnkhd;iw cUthf;fp NtW
mzpfSld;; fhw;ge;jhbaJ kapypl;b rdr%f epiya tpisahl;Lf;fofk; %yNkahFk;. vdNt
kapypl;bapy; gpw;fhyj;jpy; cUthfpa mj;jid tpisahl;Lf;fofq;fspw;Fk; kapypl;b rdr%f
epiya tpisahl;Lf;fofNk jha;f;fofkhFk;. ,f;fofj;jpy; kapypl;bapd; midj;Jg;
gFjpfisAk; Nrh;e;j Mh;tKk;, jpwikAKila gy tPuh;fs; ,lk;ngw;wpUe;jdh;. mth;fSila
ngah;fs; gpd;tUkhW.
jpU.jl;rzh%h;j;jp jpU.kfhrptk; jpU.Jiur;rhkp
jpU.jq;ftbNty; jpU.tp[auj;jpdk; jpU.kNdhfud;
jpU.jpahfuhrh jpU.mofuj;jpdk; jpU.mupfupjh];
jpU.Ntjehafk; jpU.Re;juypq;fk; jpU.Ngupd;gk;
jpU.Mde;jrhkp jpU.gj;kehjd; jpU.rptypq;fk;
jpU.rw;Fzehjd; jpU.kzpNrfuk; jpU.ghyfpU];dd;
jpU.eluhrh jpU.rpj;jptpehafk; jpU.FUFyrpq;fk;
,f;fhyfl;lj;jpy; kapypl;b rdr%f tpisahl;Lf;fof tPuh;fs; vkJ maw; fpuhkq;fspYs;s
tpisahl;Lf;fofq;fSld; gy cijge;jhl;l Nghl;bfspy; gq;Fgw;wpg; gy ntw;wpfisAk;
ngw;wpUe;jhh;fs;. ,t;tzpapy; kapypl;bapd; KjyhtJ Gfo;;ngw;w cijge;jhl;l tPuuhd
jpU.tp[auj;jpdk; (,uhR) mth;fs; ,lk;ngw;wpUe;jJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. jpU.tp[auj;jpdk;
mth;fNs kapypl;b kz;zpy; gpwe;j KjyhtJ Gfo;ngw;w fhw;ge;jhl;l tPuuhthh;. ,th; kapypl;b
rdr%f epiya tpisahl;Lf; fofj;jpy; tpisahbaJ kl;Lky;yhky; mg;Nghija
aho;khtl;lj;jpd; Kd;ddpf; fhw;ge;jhl;lf; fofq;fshd FUefh; (fiuA+h;) If;fpa
tpisahl;Lf;fofk;, kw;Wk; ghirA+h; nrd;.Nkup]; mzpfSf;fhf cijge;jhbapUe;jhh;.
mJkl;Lkd;wp aho;khtl;lj;jpy; cijge;jhl;lj;jpw;Fg; ngah; ngw;w ,sthiy Gdpj
n`d;wpaurh;, kw;Wk; njy;ypg;gis kfh[dhf; fy;Yhupfspd; fhw;ge;jhl;l mzpfSf;;fhf
tpisahb kpfTk; gpugy;akile;j Kjy; kapypl;b tPuh; ,tuhthh;. jpU.tp[auj;jpdj;jpd;
cijge;jhl;lj; jpwikf;F Xh; rpwe;j cjhuzk; ,sthiy Gdpj n`d;wpaurh; fy;Y}hp
mzpapy; fhw;ge;jhbf; nfhz;bUe;j ,tiuj; njy;ypg;gis kfh[dhf; fy;Y}hp eph;thfk; jkJ
fy;Y}hp mzpf;fhf tpisahl mioj;jNjhL kl;Lkd;wp mf;fhy tof;fg;gb mzpj;jiytNuhL
kapypl;bAk; cijge;jhl;lKk;
Nrh;j;J ,tUf;Fk; kyh; khiy mzptpj;J MLfsj;jpy;
,wf;fpapUe;jikahFk;;. Rkhh; Ie;jb Ie;J mq;Fyk; cila
jpU.tp[auj;jpdk; mth;fs; 1950 fspy; vkJ Rw;W tl;lhuj;jpd;;
jiyrpwe;j cijge;jhl;l tPuh;fspy; xUtuhf tpsq;fpdhh;.
kapypl;b rdr%f epiya tpisahl;Lf;fof mzpapdh; kQ;rs;
kw;Wk; nts;is (Yellow & White) epwj;jpdhyhd rPUilapid mzpe;J Nghl;bfspy; tpisahbdhh;fs;. mt;tzpapy; tpisahba
gyh; ,d;Wk; vOgJ mfitfisf; fle;J vk;kj;jpapy; kpfTk;
RWRWg;ghf tho;fpd;wdh;.
GS ];uhh; (Blue Star) tpisahl;Lf;fofk;kapypl;b rdrKf epiya tpisahl;Lf;fofkhf cUthfp maw;
fpuhkq;;fspYs;s cijge;jhl;l mzpfSld; Nghl;bapl;Lg; gy
ntw;wpfisAk; ngw;w kapypl;b tPuh;fspd; cijge;jhl;lj;jpwd;
rpwpJ fhyk; rpy mnrsfhpaq;fs; fhuzkhf ke;j epiyapy;
fhzg;gl;lJ. mk;ke;j epiyapid Xh; Kbtpw;Ff; nfhz;Lte;J
vkJ fpuhkj;jpd; cijge;jhl;l tuyhw;wpid mjd; jw;Nghija
tsh;r;rpg;ghijapy; jpirjpUg;gpaJ jpU.Nty;ehafk; mth;fisNa
rhUk;. jpU.Nty;ehafk; mth;fs; xU cijge;jhl;l tPuh; my;y.
Mdhy; kapypl;bapd; fhw;ge;jhl;l tPuh;fspd; jpwik Xh;
epWtdkag;gLj;jg;gl;l mikg;gpd;ikapd; fhuzkhf Kiwahf
ntspf;nfhz;Ltug;glhjijf; fz;Zw;W mf;Fiwapid
,sk;tPuh;fspd; xj;Jiog;Gld; ,th; epth;j;jp nra;jhh;.
,tupd; ,t;tupa Kaw;rpahy; 1939Mk; Mz;L fhh;j;jpif khjk;
8k; jpfjp mg;Nghija aho;khtl;l ePjpgjp jpU. W.G. Spencer jiyikapy; cUthf;fg;gl;Lf; fpl;lj;jl;l %d;W jrhg;jq;fSf;F Nkyhf aho;efiu mz;kpj;j
mzpfis kl;LNk cs;slf;fpapUe;j mg;Nghija aho;g;ghz cijge;jhl;lr; rk;Nksdj;jpy;
Kw;wpYk; Gjpa tPuh;fisf;nfhz;l Gjpa mzpahf GS ];uhh; tpisahl;Lf;;fofk;; 1960 fspy;
gjpT nra;ag;gl;L kapypl;bapd;; Gjpa cijge;jhl;l tuyhW njhlf;fp itf;fg;gl;lJ. mj;NjhL
gy fhyk; tpisahlg; gad;gLj;jg;glhky; Gw;fs; Kisj;J mt;tplj;jpw;Fupa
cupikahsh;fshy; kPnsLf;fg;glf;$ba epiyapypUe;j kapypl;b ngupa tpisahl;L
ikjhdj;ij (ngupa fpuTz;l;) mjd; cupikahsh;fSld; Ngrp GS ];uhh; tpisahl;Lf;fof
tPuh;fs; gapw;rpnaLg;gjw;fhfj; jpU.Nty;ehafk; mth;fs; ngw;Wf;nfhLj;jhh;. ,tupd; ,t;tupa
Kaw;rpahy; cUthd GS ];uhh; mzpapy; gpd;tUk; tPuh;fs; ,lk;gpbj;J aho; khtl;lj;jpy;
eilngw;w gy cijge;jhl;lr; Rw;Wg;Nghl;bfspy; gq;Fgw;wp ntw;wpaPl;bdhh;fs;.
jpU.Njtypq;fk; jpU.tbNt];tud; jpU.NrhNk];tuhde;jk;
jpU.n[fjP];tud; jpU.eluhrh (KKS) jpU.Ffjh]; (trhtpshd;)
jpU.rptFUehjd; (KKS) jpU.rhkp (fpuprhe;j;) jpU.rptk; (nghwpapayhsh;)
jpU.mUzfpupehjd; jpU.rz;Kfypq;fk; jpU.jh;kFyrpq;fk;
jpU.gukehjd; jpU.Nahfhde;jk; jpU.epj;jpahde;jk;
jpU.ghgehjrptk; jpU.NyhNf];tud; jpU.rptNahfehjd;
jpU.fUzhepjp j.rptk;
Nkw;$wg;gl;l tPuh;fspy; Kjy; %d;W Ngh;fshd jpUthsh;fs; Njtypq;fk;, tbNt];tud;, kw;Wk; NrhNk];tuhde;jk;; MfpNahh; aho;khtl;l cijge;jhl;l mzp;f;F tpisahLtjw;fhj; njupT
nra;ag;gl;ldh;. mth;fspy; jpUthsh;fs; tbNt];tud; kw;Wk; NrhNk];tuhde;jk; MfpNahh; kpf
ePz;l fhykhf aho;khtl;l cijge;jhl;l mzpapy; tpisahb vkJ Cupw;F kpFe;j
ngUikiaj; Njbj;je;jhh;fs;. NkYk; jpU.tbNt];tud; mth;fs; ,d;Dk; gygbfs;
Nkw;nrd;W ,yq;if Njrpa cijge;jhl;l mzpapy; ,lk;gpbj;J kNyrpah, rpq;fg;G+h; Nghd;w ehLfSldhd Nghl;bfspy; gq;Fgw;wpajd; %yk; kapypl;bapd; cijge;jhl;lr; rpwg;gpid Njrpa
kl;lj;jpw;Ff; nfhz;L nrd;whh;. ,q;F ehk; Fwpg;gpl;lhf Ntz;ba Kf;fpa tplak; vd;dntdpy;
kapypl;bapd; cijge;jhl;lk; vd;wTld; ek; vy;Nyhupw;Fk; epidtpy; tUk; ngah;
jpU.tbNt];tud; vd;gjhFk;. ,th; gy fhw;ge;;jhl;lr; rhjidfisg; gilj;Js;shh;. mtw;wpy;
rpy.
1. njy;ypg;gis kfh[dhf; fy;Yhupapd;
cijge;jhl;l mzpj;jiytuhf ,Ue;J 1968
Mk; Mz;L eilngw;w aho;khtl;lg;
ghlrhiyfSf;fpilapyhd fhw;ge;jhl;lr;
Rw;Wg;Nghl;bapy; ntw;wpaPl;br;
Rw;Wf;fpz;zj;ijf; ifg;gw;wpaJ.
2. kapyp;l;b fz;zfp tpisahl;Lf;
fofj;jpd; cijge;jhl;l mzpj;jiytuhfg;
gy Mz;Lfs; rpwg;ghff; flikahw;wpg; gy
cijge;jhl;lr; Rw;Wg;Nghl;bfspy;
ntw;wpaPl;baJ.
3. aho;khtl;l cijge;jhl;l mzpapy;
,lk;gpbj;J gy tUlq;fshf
aho;khtl;lj;jpw;fhff; fhw;ge;jhbaNjhL
kl;Lky;yhky; gy re;jh;g;gq;fspy;
mt;tzpf;Fj; jiyik jhq;fpaJ.
4. Nkw;$wpa vy;yhtw;wpf;Fk; kFlk;
itj;jhw;Nghy; ,yq;if cijge;jhl;l
mzpf;Fj; njupT nra;ag;gl;L kNyrpah
(Malaysia), kw;Wk; rpq;fg;G+h; (Singapore) Nghd;w ehLfSf;Fr; nrd;W fhw;ge;jhbaJ.
,t;thW gy fhw;ge;jhl;lr; rhjidfs; Gupe;j
jpU.tbNt];tud; mth;fs; 1968 ,y; kfh[dhf; jpU.tbNt];tuid kapypl;bapd; cijge;jh
fy;Y}hpapd; cijge;jhl;l mzpapd; jiytuhf l;lr; rpd;dk; (Icon) vd;why; kpifahfhJ. ,Ue;jNghJ vLf;fg;gl;l mupa Gifg;glk;
mNjNghy; jpU.NrhNk];tuhde;jk; mth;fs; ve;jnthU cijge;jhl;lg; gapw;rpahsh;fshYk;
gapw;Wtpf;fg; gl;bUf;fhjNghjpYk; ,aw;ifahfNt mthplk; fhzg;gl;l jpwikapd;
fhuzkhfTk;, kw;Wk; mtuJ jdpg;gl;l tplhKaw;rpapd; fhuzkhfTk; aho;khtl;lj;jpd;
mg;Nghija rpwe;j cijge;jhl;l tPuh;fspy; xUtuhf kpsph;e;jhh;. mJkl;Lkpd;wp gy;NtW
cijge;jhl;l [hk;gthd;fs; NfhNyhr;rpa aho;khtl;l cijge;jhl;l mzpapy; ve;jnthU
rpghhpRkpy;yhky; jdJ jpiwikapid kl;LNk %yjdkhff; nfhz;L ,lk;gpbj;Jg; gy fhyk;
rpwg;ghf tpisahbdhh;. mf;fhyj;jpy; ,th; mbf;Fk; rWf;fy; mb (Slipping shot) aho; khtl;lnkq;Fk; kpfTk; gpugyk;. md;iwa gpugy;akhd fhw;ge;jhl;l tPuh;fs; Nkw;$wpa ,tuJ
mbf;Fg; gae;J eLq;Fthh;fs;.
mt;thNw jpU.Njtypq;fk; mth;fSk; ve;jnthU gpugy;akhd cijge;jhl;lg;
gapw;Wtpg;ghsh;fshYk; gapw;Wtpf;fg;gl;bUf;ftpy;iy. Mdhy; kapypl;bapypUe;J aho;khtl;l
cijge;jhl;l mzpf;F fhw;ge;jhLtjw;fhf ,tNu Kjd; Kjypy; njupT nra;ag;gl;bUe;jhh;.
,th; fhw;ge;jhLfpd;w fhyj;jpy; ,tUila tpisahl;il ehk; ghh;f;ftpy;iy. fhuzk; ehk;
mg;NghJ gpwe;jpUf;ftpy;iy. Mdhy; mf;fhyj;jpy; aho;khtl;l cijge;jhl;l mzpf;F
tpisahL tjw;fhfj; njupT nra;ag;gl;bUf;fpwhnud;why; jpU.Njtypq;fk; mth;fSila
jpwikia ehk; nrhy;yp kw;wth;fs;; njupe;J nfhs;sNtz;ba mtrpakpy;iy vd;gJ vkJ
jho;ikahd mgpg;gpuhak;.
jpU.tbNt];tud; mth;fSila rNfhjud; jpU.n[fjP];tud; mth;fisg; gw;wpAk; ,q;F rpy
tplaq;fisg; gfph;e;J nfhs;tJ kpfTk; mtrpak;. jpU. n[fjP];tud; mth;fNs Kjd;Kjypy;
kfh[dhf; fy;Y}upapd; cijge;jhl;l mzpf;Fj; jiyik jhq;fpa kapypl;bapd;
Gjy;tuhthh;. ,th; 1964 Mk; Mz;L eilngw;w aho; khtl;lg; ghlrhiyfSf;fpilapyhd
cijge;jhl;lr; Rw;Wg; Nghl;bapy; mt;tzpf;Fj; jiyik jhq;fp ,Wjpahl;lj;jpy;
Rd;dhfk; ];fe;jtNuhjahf; fy;Y}upia ntd;W kfh[dhit ntw;wpf; fdpiar; Ritf;f
itj;jhh;. ,th; fhw;ge;jhLk; ghzp kpfTk; Neh;j;jpahf ,Uf;Fk;. tpisahLfpd;w
kw;wth;fSld; ,bglhky; mNjNeuk; jd;dplk; tUfpw ge;ijf; fhyjhkjk; nra;ahJ tpiuthff;
ifahs;fpd;w ,tUila El;gk; kpfTk; myhjpahdJ. ,tuplk; ehk; fz;L tpae;j ,d;ndhU
rpwg;gk;rk; vd;dntd;why; fhw;ge;jhl;lj;jpypUe;J Xa;Tngw;w gpd;Gk; Nghl;bfisf;fhz
tUfpd;wNghJ jd;Dila cijge;jhl;lg; ghjzpfis vg;NghJk; nfhz;LtUthh;. jw;nrayhf
Ml;gw;whf;Fiw Vw;gl;lhy; cldbahff; fsj;jpypwq;fptpLthh;. ,t;thW gy re;jh;g;gq;fspy;
,th; vkf;Ff; ifnfhLj;Js;shh;.
Nkw;$wpa vkJ fpuhkj;jpd; cijge;jhl;l [hk;gthd;fs; vy;NyhuplKk; vkJ Cupw;Nf cupj;jhd
rpy nghJthd rpwg;gk;rq;fs; fhzg;gl;ld. mjhtJ ey;y jplfhj;jpukhd cly;thF, kiyiaAk; tpQ;Rk; kNdhjplk;, kw;Wk; vtupw;Fk; mQ;rhj Jzpr;ry;. ,th;fSld; Nghl;bapl;l
vkJ maw;fpuhkq;;fspd; mzpfs; ,th;fisj; Njhw;fbf;f Ntz;Lnkd;w XNu Nehf;fj;jpw;fhf
mg;Nghija aho;khtl;lj;jpd; rpwe;j fhw;ge;jhl;lf;fhuh;fisj; (gy re;jh;g;gq;fspy; ,yq;ifj;
Njrpa cijge;jhl;l mzpapy; tpisahba tPuh;fisf;$l) jkJ mzpfSf;fhf Mlitg;gJ
toik. Mdhy; mth;fs; vy;NyhUk; ,th;fsplk; mb thq;fpaJjhd; tuyhW. RUf;fkhff; $wpd;
NrhNk];tudpd; rWf;fy; mbf;Fj; (Slipping shot) jg;gpatUk; fpilahJ. mNjNghy; tbNt];, n[fjP]; kw;Wk; Njtypq;fj;ijj; jhz;bg; ge;ijf; nfhz;L NghdtUk; fpilahJ.
,t;thW gy gpugy;akhd tpisahl;L tPuh;fisf; nfhz;bUe;j GS ];uhh; tpisahl;Lf;; fofk;
ePyk; kw;Wk; nts;is epwj;jpdhyhd rPUilapidg; gad;gLj;jpaJ. ,r;rPUilNa gpw;fhyj;jpy;
cUthfp kapypl;bapd; cijge;jhl;lj; jpwid aho;g;ghz khtl;lj;jpd; %iyKLf;nfq;Fk;
epiyehl;baNjhly;yhky;, ,q;fpyhe;jpYk; jw;nghOJtiu ep&gpj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; kapypl;b
fz;zfp tpisahl;Lf;fofj;jpd; rPUilahfp ,d;Wtiu epiyj;jpUf;fpd;wJ. ,r;rPUilahdJ
gy;NtW fhyq;fspy; gy;NtW tbtq;fis (Design) vLj;Js;sJ. Mdhy; ehkwpe;j tiuapy;
ve;jnthU re;jh;g;gj;jpYk; ,jd; epwq;fs; khw;wg;gltpy;iy.
fPNoAs;s Gifg;glj;jpy;; 1971-72 fhyg;gFjpapy; njy;ypg;gis cjtp murhq;f mjpgh;
gpuptpw;Fl;gl;l cijge;jhl;lf; fofq;fSf;fpilapy; Mz;L NjhWk; eilngWk; fhw;ge;jhl;lr;
Rw;Wg;Nghl;b xd;wpy; ntw;wpngw;W Rw;wf;fpz;zj;ijf; ifg;gw;wpa kapypl;b GS ];uhh;
tpisahl;Lf;fofj;jpd; tPuh;fs; mth;fSila gpugy;akhd ePyk; kw;Wk; nts;is (Blue &
White) epwj;jpdhyhd rPUilAld; jpU.eh.Nty;ehafk; mth;fSld; fhzg;gLfpd;wdh;.
epw;Nghh; ,lkpUe;J tyk;: ghgehjrptk;, j.rptk;, epj;jpahde;jk;, rhkp (fpuprhe;j;),
Nahfhde;jk;, kw;Wk; NyhNf];tud;.
mkh;e;jpUg;Nghh; ,lkpUe;J tyk;: rptk; (nghwpapayhsh;), Njtypq;fk;, fUzhepjp, Nty;ehafk;, Ffjh];, rptNahfehjd;, kw;Wk; jh;kFyrpq;fk;
1960 Mk; Mz;bd; gpw;gFjpapYk;, 1970 fspd;; Kw;gFjpapYk; kapypl;bapd; cijge;jhl;l tPuh;fs;
fhq;Nfrd;Jiw gl;bzrigahy; tUle;NjhWk; elhj;jg;gl;l cijge;jhgl;lr; Rw;Wg;Nghl;bfspy;
fz;zfp tpisahl;Lf;fofkhfTk;, njy;ypg;gis cjtp murhq;f mjpgh; gpupT, kw;Wk; aho;khtl;l uPjpapy; elhj;jg;gl;l Nghl;bfspy; GS];uhh; tpisahl;Lf;fofkhfTk; gjpTnra;J
tpisahbapUe;jhh;fs;. Mdhy; 1970 fspd; eLg;gFjpapypUe;J fz;zfp tpisahl;Lf;fofk;
kpfTk; gpugy;akilaj; njhlq;fpaJ. mjdhy; vkJ tpisahl;L tPuh;fs; GS ];uhh; vdg; gjpT
nra;J Nghl;bfspy; gq;Nfw;gijg; gbg;gbahff; Fiwj;J fz;zfp tpisahl;Lf;fofkhf
tpisahl Muk;gpj;jhh;fs;. ,q;F ehnky;NyhUk; ftdj;jpy; vLf;f Ntz;ba xh; tplak;
vd;dntdpy; jd;Dila ngUKaw;rpapd; Clhf cUthf;fg;gl;L kpfTk; gpugy;akhftpUe;j GS
];uhh; mzpahdJ kf;fspdJk;, tpisahl;L tPuh;fspdJk; ngUtpUg;gpw;fikaf; fz;zfpahf
khwpaijj; jpU.Nty;ehafk; mth;fs; kpfTk; ngUe;jd;ikAld; tuNtw;wpUe;jhh;. mJkl;Lkd;wp
fz;zfp tpisahl;Lf;fofj;jpw;Fj; jdJ mauhj xj;Jiog;gpidAk; toq;fpdhh;.
kapypl;b fz;zfp tpisahl;Lf;fofk;
aho;g;ghz khtl;lj;jpy; cijge;jhl;lj;ij tpisahLfpd;w, my;yJ tpUk;gpg; ghh;f;fpd;w
xt;nthU CupYk; kpfTk; gpugy;akile;J ,Ue;j, jw;NghJk; ,Uf;fpd;wnjhU tpisahl;Lf;fofk;
kapypl;b fz;zfp tpisahl;Lf;fofk; vd;why; kpifahfhJ. 1966-1967 Mk; Mz;lstpy;;
cUthfp ,d;Wtiu Ew;Wf;fzf;fhd cijge;jhl;lr; Rw;Wg;Nghl;bfspy; gq;Fgw;wp,
vz;zpylq;fhj ntw;wpfisf; Ftpj;J aho;khtl;lj;jpYk;, kw;Wk; ,q;fpyhe;J Nghd;w Gyk;ngah; Njrq;fspYk; kapypl;bapd; cijge;jhl;l tPuh;fspd; jpwikiag; ngUikAld; giwrhw;wp
epw;fpd;wJ kapypl;b fz;zfp tpisahl;Lf;fofk;. ,f;fofj;jpw;fhf tpisahba, kw;Wk; tpisahLfpd;w tPuh;fs; rpyupd; ngah;fis ,f;fl;Liuapy; Mq;fhq;Nf jUfpd;Nwhk;;; (tPuh;fs;
vy;NyhUila tpguq;fisAk; ,f;fl;Liuapy; cs;slf;fKbatpy;iy. mjw;fhf kd;dpf;fTk;).
xU fhyg;gFjpapy;; ,t;tpisahl;Lf; fofj;jpy; njy;ypg;gis kfh[dhf; fy;Yhupapd;
cijge;jhl;l mzpf;F ntt;NtW fhyq;fspy; jiyik jhq;fpa MW kapypl;b tPuh;fs;
tpisahbdhh;fs;. ,f;fhyg;gFjpapy; fz;zfp tpisahl;Lf; fofk; gy ntw;wpfisaPl;baJ.
mth;fspd; ngah;fs; gpd;tUkhW.
jpU.n[fjP];tud; jpU.tbNt];tud; jpU.jh;kFyrpq;fk;
jpU.fkyrpq;fk; jpU.jq;Nf];tuhde;jk;; jpU.Nahfrpq;fk;
,th;fs; kl;Lkd;wp kapypl;bapd; midj;Jg; gFjpfisAk; Nrh;e;j NkYk; gy jpwikahd
tPuh;fs; fz;zfp tpisahl;Lf; fofj;jpy; tpisahbj; jkf;Fk;, vkf;Fk;, vkJ Cuhd
kapypl;bf;Fk;, kapypl;bapd; gpugy;akhd tpisahl;Lf;fspy; xd;whd cijge;jhl;lj;jpw;Fk;
kpfTk; ngUik Nrh;j;Js;shh;fs;.
fz;zfp vjph; aq;Nwhay; (fhq;Nfrd;Jiw)fz;zfp tpisahl;Lf;fofj;jpd; fhw;ge;jhl;l tuyhw;wpy; mf;fofj;jpid vjph;j;Jg; gy
Nghl;bfspy; tpisahba vkJ maw; fpuhkj;jpd; mzpahd fhq;Nfrd;Jiw aq;Nwhay;
tpisahl;Lf; fofj;jpw;F kpf Kf;fpa ,lKz;L. ,d;W ehk; vy;NyhUk; INuhg;ghtpYk;, njd; mnkupf;fhtpYKs;s gy gpugy;akhd fhw;ge;jhl;l mzpfs; tpisahLk; tpWtpWg;ghd
fhw;ge;jhl;lg; Nghl;bfisg; ghh;f;fpd;Nwhk;. ,g;Nghl;bfSf;F ve;jtpjj;jpYk; Fiwtpy;yhj
ikjhdk; epuk;gp tope;j jPtpukhd ,urpfh;fs; kw;Wk; Ch;gw;whsh;fs; kj;jpapy; kapypl;b
fz;zfpAk;, fhq;Nfrd;Jiw aq;Nwhay; tpisahl;Lf;fofKk; Nkhjpa Nghl;bfshy;
fhq;Nfrd;Jiwg; gl;bdrig ikjhdk; mjph;e;j fhynkhd;wpUe;jij 1960/70 fspy;
mg;Nghl;bfspy; tpisahba, kw;Wk; fz;Lfspj;j ,U Ch;fisr; Nrh;e;j kf;fSk; ,d;Wk;
epidT $Uthh;fs;. ,U mzpfSk; tpisahba Nghl;bfs; ,d;W ,e;jpa kw;Wk; ghfp];jhd;
mzpfs; NkhJfpd;w JLg;ghl;lg; Nghl;bfisg; (Cricket) NghyNt md;W ,Ue;jd. xd;iwnahd;W
nty;y ntz;Lnkd;w Jbg;G, Mty; kw;Wk; Xh;kk; fhuzkhf ,U mzpfSk; tpisahba
Nghl;bfs; ,urpfh;fSf;F cijge;jhl;l tpUe;jpidg; gilj;jd. ,t;tzpfs; tpisahba
midj;Jg; ngupa Nghl;bfspYk; fz;zfp tpisahl;Lf;fofNk ntw;wpaPl;bUe;jJ
Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. 1960 fspy; njhlq;fpa ntw;wpf;fzf;F 1994 Mk; Mz;L gUj;jpj;Jiw If;fpa
tpisahl;Lf;fof ikjhdj;jpy; eilngw;w 7 Ngh; nfhz;l Nghl;bnahd;wpy; 3 : 2 Nfhy;fs;
tpj;jpahrj;jpy; kapypl;b fz;zfp tpisahl;L tPuh;fshfpa ehk; ngw;w ntw;wpAld; jw;fhypfkhf
Kbtpw;F te;Js;sJ. md;iwa Nghl;bapy; tpisahba fz;zfp tPuh;fspd; tpguk; gpd;tUkhW.
eNlrypq;fk; re;jpuypq;fk; rptQhdRe;juk;
rz;Kfuhrh fpupjud; ,e;jpuFkhh;
n[af;Fkhh; nlNwhd;
Nkw;$wg;gl;l Nghl;bahdJ kpfTk; rpwg;ghd xU Nghl;bahFk; fhuzk; 1990 Mk; Mz;bd;
,lg;ngah;tpd; gpd;; Kjd;Kjyhf ,t;tpU mzpfSk; fz;zfp tpisahl;Lf;fofj;ij
tlkuhr;rpapy; kpfTk; gpugy;ag;gLj;jpa ikjhdq;fspy; xd;whd gUj;jpj;Jiw If;fpa
tpisahl;Lf;fof ikjhdj;jpy; 1994 Mk; Mz;L ,lk;ngw;w ,g;Nghl;bapd;%yk;
Nkhjpf;nfhz;ld. mJkl;Lkd;wp ,UmzpfSNk jkJ nrhe;j kz;iz tpl;L ,lk;
ngah;e;jpUe;j Xh; fhyj;jpy; ,g;Nghl;bahdJ ,lk;ngw;wpUe;jJ. ikjhdk; epiwe;j
,urpfh;fSld; eilngw;w ,t;thl;lj;jpy; vkJ mzpapy; mDgtk; epiwe;j %j;j
tPuh;fSld; ,isa jiyKiw tPuh;fSk; ,ize;J kpfTk; jpiwikAld; tpisahbdh;. kpfTk;
tpWtpWg;ghf eilngw;w mt;thl;lj;jpy;, ,U mzpfSk; jyh 1 Nfhiyg; Nghl;ld. mjdhy;
Ml;lj;jpy; ntw;wp ngw;w mzpapidj; jPh;khdpf;f toq;fg;gl;l jz;lid cijfs; (Penalty
kicks) %yk; 3 : 2 vd;w Nfhy;fs; tpj;jpahrj;jpy; fz;zfp tpisahl;Lf;fofk; ntw;wpaPl;baJ.
fhyk; fdpe;J vkJ kf;fs; kapypl;b kw;Wk; fhq;Nfrd;Jiwf;Fj; jpUk;gpaTld; kPz;Lk;
,t;Tijge;jhl;lg; Nghh; njhluNtz;Lnkd ehnky;NyhUk; flTis Ntz;LNthk;.
fz;zfpAk; fhq;Nfrd;Jiwg; gl;bdrig ikjhdKk;
fhq;Nfrd;Jiwg; gl;bdrig ikjhdKk; mjpy; ,lk;ngw;w rpwe;j fhw;ge;jhl;lg; Nghl;bfSk;
1960/70 fspy; kpfTk; gpugyk;. fhuzk; ,q;Fjhd; mf;fhyj;jpy; aho;khtl;lj;jpd; jiyrpwe;j
fhw;ge;jhl;l tPuh;fSk;, mth;fisf; fz;zfp tpisahl;Lf;fofj;jpw;F vjpuhf Mlitj;j
mzpfSk; fz;zfpaplk; cijge;jhbj; Njhy;tpiaj; jOtpapUe;jhh;fs;;. mt;thwhd gpugy;akhd
tPuh;fs; rpyupd; ngah;fs; gpd;tUkhW.
nfhd;ry]; (,yq;if cijge;jhl;l mzp) gpuhd;rp]; (,yq;if cijge;jhl;l mzp)
fpuTjh;(,yq;if cijge;jhl;l mzpapd; ge;Jf;fhg;ghsh;)
,e;j [hk;gthd;fs; ahUNk ,t;tpisahl;L ikjhdj;jpy; kapypl;b fz;zfpia ntd;whjhf
rupj;jpuNk ,y;iy. mJkl;Lkd;wp ,k;ikjhdj;jpy; ve;jnthU mzpAk; Kf;fpakhd Nghl;bfspy;
fz;zfpia ntd;wpUf;ftpy;iy. ,k;ikjhdj;jpy; eilngw;w ntt;NtW kpfTk; gpugy;akhd
3 ,Wjpg; Nghl;bfspYk; fz;zfp tpisahl;Lf;fofNk ntw;wpaPl;baJ. mt;thW eilngw;w Xh;
,Wjpahl;lj;jpy; <tpid gwf;Fk; ,isQh;fs; tpisahl;Lf;fofj;ij vjph;j;J tpisahba
fz;zfpapd; tPuh;fs; tpguk;.
tbNt];tud; n[fjP];tud; NrhNk];tuhde;jk;
Njtypq;fk; jh;kFyrpq;fk; Ffjh]; trhtpshd;)
mg;igad; (fl;Ltd;) ,uhruj;jpdk; (khtpl;lGuk;) gj;kehjd; (TP)
rpwPfhe;j; (kfh[dhf; fy;Y}up) re;jpuypq;fk; (kfh[dhf; fy;Y}up)
,g;Nghl;bapy; aho;g;ghzj;jpd; gpugykhd tPud; nfhd;ry]hy; (FUefh;) vkJ fz;zfp tPud;
n[fjP];tuidj; jhz;bg; ge;jpidf; nfhz;LNghfNt Kbe;jpUf;ftpy;iy. Mdhy; vkJ mzp
tPuh; ,uhruj;jpdk; (kfh[dhf; fy;Y}up) ,yq;if mzpapd; ge;Jf;fhg;ghsuhf mg;NghjpUe;j
fpuTjiuj; Njhw;fbj;J 1 Nfhypid mbj;jhh;. Mdhy; Ml;l eLth; Fkua;ah Nghl;b KbTw
ntWk; rpy epkplq;fs; ,Uf;ifapy; Ntz;Lnkd;Nw mg;Nghl;bia Nghjpa ntspr;rk;
,y;yhky; ,Ue;jJ vdf; $wp epWj;jpajhy; NfhgKw;w vkJ fz;zfp ,urpfh; xUth; mtiuj;
jhf;fpajhy; md;W eilngw;w Nghl;b fyfj;jpy; KbTw;wJ.
,t;thW jkJ nrhe;j ikjhdkhf ,y;yhjpUe;j NghjpYk; fz;zfp tpisahl;Lf;fofk;
,k;ikjhdj;jpy; rhjpj;jJ Vuhsk;. cjhuzkhf ,q;F eilngw;w gy rpwg;ghd fhw;ge;jhl;lg;
Nghl;bfspy; fz;zfp mzpf;F vjpuhf aq;Nwhay;, ty;it GS];, <tpid gwf;Fk; ,isQh;fs;;
Nghd;w gy rpwe;j mzpfs; Nkhjpd Mdhy; ,ay;ghfNt vkJ Cupw;Nf cupj;jhd Xh;kk;,
kw;Wk; nty;y Ntz;Lnkd;w Jbg;Gf; fhuzkhf ,t;tzpfshy;; ,k;ikjhdj;jpy; vk;ik
xUNghJNk nty;y Kbe;jpUf;ftpy;iy.
,t;thW fz;zfp ngw;w ntw;wpfs; Vuhsk;. mt;ntw;wpfSf;Fr; rhd;whfg; gy
ntw;wpf;Nflaq;fSk;, Rw;Wf;Nfhg;igfSk; fz;zfp gbg;gfj;jpy;; ehq;fs;; vkJ Cupid
tpl;L ,lk;ngaUk; tiu ghJfhg;ghf itf;fg;gl;bUe;jij ehnky;NyhUk; mwpNthk;.
fz;zfp tpisahl;Lf;fofg; Gifg;glq;fspy; vkf;F fpilf;fg;ngw;w rpy mupa Gifg;glq;fis
fPNo jUfpNwhk;. ,g;Gifg;glq;fspy; KjyhtJ glk; <tpid gwf;Fk; ,isQh;fs;
tpisahl;Lf;fofj;Jld; fz;zfp tPuh;fs; Mba Ml;lnkhd;wpd;NghJ <tpidapy;
vLf;fg;gl;lJ. ,g;glkhdJ kpfKf;fpakhd tplankhd;iw vk;nky;Nyhupw;Fk;
vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfpd;wJ. mjhtJ vt;thW vkJ Cupd; mDgtkpf;f rpNu];l tpisahl;L
tPuh;fs; ,isa jiyKiw tPuh;fis fofj;jpDs; cs;thq;fp, mth;fSf;F rpwg;ghd
gapw;rpfis mspj;J fhw;ge;jhl;lg; Nghl;bfSf;fhf jahh;g;gLj;jpdhh;fnsd;gij ,g;Gifg;glk;
njs;sj;njspthfg; Gyg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. ,th;fs; ,t;thW cUthf;fpa tPuh;fspy; gyh;
gpd;ehl;fspy; rpwg;ghf tpisahbAs;sij mLj;J tUk; ,U Gifg;glq;fs;; vLj;Jf;
fhl;Lfpd;wd.
epw;Nghh; ,lkpUe;J tyk;: Nahfrpq;fk;, jq;Nf];tuhde;jk;, kNfe;jpuk;;, n[fjP];tud;,
NrhNk];tuhde;jk;, fkyrpq;fk;, kw;Wk; n[ak;.
,Ug;Nghh; ,lkpUe;J tyk;: eNlrypq;fk;, re;jpuypq;fk;, gpNukhde;jk;, rz;Kfehjd;
fPNo cs;s Gifg;glq;fs;, 1985 Mk; Mz;L; fhq;Nfrd;Jiw nry;yg;gps;isahh; Nfhtpyb
ikjhdj;jpy; eilngw;w cijge;jhl;lr; Rw;Wg;Nghl;bnahd;wpd; ,Wjp Ml;lj;jpy; mg;Nghija
aho;khtl;lj;jpd; jiyrpwe;j cijge;jhl;l tPud; CnuO nts;is/rptg;gd; ( Nick name) tpisahba fhq;Nfrd;Jiw ,se;njd;wy;; mzpia vjph;j;J kapypl;bapd; rpwe;j fhw;ge;jhl;l
tPuh;fspy; xUtuhfpa mkuh;; jpU.Nahfrpq;fk; (jPyPgd;) Qhgfhh;j;jkhf kapypl;b fz;zfp
tpisahl;Lf;fof tPuh;fshy; jw;fhypfkhf cUthf;fg;gl;l jPyPgd; mzpapdh;;
tpisahbanghOJ vLf;fg;gl;l ,U mupa Gifg;glq;fshFk;. ,g;Nghl;bapy; fz;zfpapd;
gpugy;akhd ePy nts;is rPUilazpe;J kapypl;bapd; jPyPgd; mzpapdh; tpisahbr;
Rw;Wf;Nfhg;igia ntd;wdh;;.
jpyPgd; mzp tPuh;fspy; epw;Nghh; ,lkpUe;J tyk; : re;jpuypq;fk;, ,uj;jpdtbNty; (GYf;Nfh), rptFkhh; kw;Wk; vl;Ntl; ,uh[tpNuhjak;.
jpyPgd; mzp tPuh;fspy; mkh;e;jpUg;Nghh; ,lkpUe;J tyk; : eNlrypq;fk;, rptQhdRe;juk; (ge;Jf;fhg;ghsh;), mNyhrpa]; Njtuj;jpdk;, kw;Wk; mUshde;jk; (gyhyp).
,t;thW gy rpwg;Gf;fisf; nfhz;l vkJ fpuhkj;jpd; fhw;ge;jhl;lk; 1980 fspy;; vkJ
jhafj;jpy; Vw;gl;l gy;NtW ,f;fl;lhd #o;epiyfspdhy; gy ,d;dy;fis vjph;Nehf;fpaJ.
MdhYk; fz;zfp tpisahl;Lf;fofj;jpdh; jkJ cijge;jhl;lr; nraw;ghLfis epWj;jtpy;iy.
cjhuzkhf 1986 – 87 fhyg;gFjpfspy; Nghh; cr;rk; ngw;wpUe;j fhyq;fspy;; $l vkJ tPuh;fs;
re;jh;g;gq;fs; fpilj;jNghJ fhw;ge;jhbf;nfhz;bUe;jhh;fs;. ,t;thW vt;tsNth ,lh;ghLfSf;F
kj;jpapy; njhlh;e;j vkJ fpuhkj;jpd; fhw;ge;jhl;lk; 1990 Mk; Mz;L itfhrp khjk;
njhz;ilkhdhw;wpy; eilngw;w Xh; Rw;Wg;Nghl;bapy; ehk; gq;Fgw;wpajd; gpd;G Mdp khjk;
Vw;gl;l ,lg;ngah;tpd; fhuzkhf fpl;lj;jl;l 2 tUlq;fs; jilg;gl;bUe;jJ.
,lg;ngah;tpd; gpd; fz;zfp tpisahl;Lf; fofk;1990 Mk; Mz;L Nghupd; fhuzkhf vkJ Cupidtpl;L ehnky;NyhUk; ,lk;ngah;e;jjd;
fhuzkhf fz;zfp tpisahl;Lf; fofj;jpd; nraw;ghLfs; Rkhh; ,uz;L tUlq;fshf
,ilepWj;jg;gl;bUe;jJ. ,f;fhyfl;lj;jpy; kapypl;bapd; fhw;ge;jhl;l tPuh;fs; khjfy; Njth,
gd;dhiy fNzrd;, kw;Wk; fw;Nfhtsk; cjajhuif Mfpa tpisahl;Lf; fofq;fSf;fhf
cijge;jhbf; nfhz;bUe;jhh;fs;. Mdhy; Vw;fdNt ehw;gJ tUlq;isj; jhz;bapUe;j vkJ
Cupd; fhw;ge;jhl;l tuyhW KbTwhJ njhluNtz;Lnkd tpUk;gpa gpd;tUNthh;
fw;Nfhtsj;jpYs;s jpU.tbNt];tud; mth;fSila tPl;by; $b kapypl;b fz;zfp
tpisahl;Lf;fofj;ij kPnshUq;fikg;gjw;fhd KbtpidnaLj;jhh;fs;.
jpU.tbNt];tud; jpU.rz;Kfypq;fk; jpU. n[fjP];tud;
jpU.NyhNf];tuk;gps;is jpU.eNlrypq;fk; jpUn[af;Fkhh;;;
jpU.rptQhdRe;juk; jpU.re;jpuypq;fk; jpU.rz;Kfuhrh
jpU.fpupjud;
,f;$l;lj;jpy; fz;zfp tpisahl;Lf;fofj;ij kPz;Lk; kPsikj;J kapypl;bapd; jpwikahd
midj;J tPuh;fisAk; cs;slf;fp kPsTk; cijge;jhl;lr; Rw;Wg;Nghl;bfspy; gq;Fgw;Wtnjd
KbntLf;fg;gl;lJ. mk;KbT kapypl;b kf;fs; midtUf;Fk; njupag;gLj;jg;gl;L fz;zfp
tpisahl;Lf;fofk; kPnshUq;fikf;fg;gl;lJ. ,t;thW kPSUthf;fk; ngw;w fz;zfp mzpapy;
gpd;tUk; tPuh;;fs; ,lk;ngw;wpUe;jhh;fs;.
jpU.eNlrypq;fk; jpU.re;jpuypq;fk; jpU.rptQhdRe;juk;
jpU.n[ak; jpU.n[af;Fkhh;; jpU.rz;Kfuhrh
jpU.fpupjud; jpU.,e;jpuFkhh; jpU.my;ud;
jpU.nlNwhd; jpU.rjhde;jd; jpU.uNk];tud;
jpU.rptFkhh; jpU.NfhNzruQ;rd; jpU.FkNurd;
jpU.rptnre;jpy;ehjd; jpU.rjP];Fkhh;
tPuh;fs; gapw;rpnaLg;gjw;fhfg; gUj;jpj;Jiw fhl;ypf; fy;Yhupapd; ikjhdk; jpU.n[fjP];tud;, kw;Wk; mtuJ khkdhh; jpU.,uhkehjd; MfpNahUila ngUKaw;rpapDhlf
ngw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. fdlhtpypUe;J mkuh; jpU.itahGup mth;fspd; FLk;gj;jpdh;
cijge;jhl;l cgfuzq;fisf; nfhs;tdT nra;tjw;F ed;nfhilahf Iahapuk; &ghtpid
toq;fpapUe;jhh;fs;. ,t;thW kpFe;j ,lh;ghLfSf;F kj;jpapy; vkJ Ch; kf;fspd; mauhj
Kaw;rpapdhy; kPs xUq;fikf;fg;gl;l fz;zfp tpisahl;Lf;fofk; jdJ kPs;gazj;ij
ty;ntl;bj;Jiwj; jPUtpy; ikjhdj;jpy; fk;gh;kiyf; fOF tpisahl;Lf;fofj;ij vjph;j;J
tpisahb 2 : 0 vd;fpd;w Nfhy;fs; tpj;jpahrj;jpy; mf;fofj;jpid ntw;wpaPl;bajd;%yk;;
njhlq;fpaJ. ,g;Nghl;biaf; fhzTk; tPuh;fis Cf;Ftpf;fTk; jpUthsh;fs; tbNt];tud;,
n[fjP];tud;, NrhNk];tuhde;jk;, rz;Kfypq;fk;, kw;Wk; mUzfpupehjd; Nghd;w Xa;T ngw;w
fhw;ge;jhl;l tPuh;fs; gy iky;fSf;fg;ghYs;s khdpg;ghapypUe;Jk;, gUj;jpj;JiwapypUe;Jk; Jtpr;rf;futz;bfspy; ty;ntl;bj;Jiwf;F te;jpUe;jhh;fs;.
,t;thW kPnsOe;j kapypl;b fz;zfp tpisahl;Lf;fofk; 1995 ,d; gpw;gFjptiu gy
fhw;ge;jhl;lr; Rw;Wg;Nghl;bfspy; gq;Fgw;wpg; gy ntw;wpfisaPl;baJ. Mdhy; vkJ jhafj;jpy;
njhlh;r;;;rpahf Vw;gl;l ,lg;ngah;Tfspd; fhuzkhf 1995 ,d; gpw;gFjpapypUe;J ,d;Wtiu
fz;zfpapd; nraw;ghLfs; mq;F ,ilepWj;jp itf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
kapypl;bapd; ngUk;ghyhd fhw;ge;jhl;l tPuh;fs;; cUthfpa fijrhjuzkhf vkJ Cupy; cijge;jhl;l tPuh;fs; rpW tajpypUe;Nj jkJ fhw;ge;jhl;l
tho;f;ifia Muk;gpf;fpwhh;fs;. Rkhh; ehd;F my;yJ Ie;J tajpypUe;Nj xt;nthU
tPuDila ,uj;jj;jpYk; cijge;jhl;lk; vDk; ,g;G+Tyfpd; Kd;dzp tpisahl;L rpwpJ
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Nghl;bfspy; rpwpJ Neuk; gq;Fgw;Wtjw;Fr; re;jh;g;gk; mspf;fg;gLk;. B mzpapy; jpwikahf
tpisahLk; tPuh;fSf;F gbg;gbahff; fz;zfp A mzpapy; tpisahLtjw;Fr; re;jh;g;gk;
mspf;fg;gLk;. ,t;thW jhd; kapypl;bapd; ngUk;ghyhd cijge;jhl;l tPuh;fs;
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jpU. T . gj;kehjd; mth;fisg;gw;wp rpy tplaq;fisg; ,q;F gfph;e;J nfhs;tJ kpfTk;
gaDilajhFk;. ,tiug;gw;wp xU thpapy; Fwpg;gpLtjhdhy; ,t;thW $WtJ kpfTk;
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ehLfisAk;; Nrh;e;j gy tpisahl;L tPuh;fs; gq;Fgw;wp rpwg;ghff; fhw;ge;jhb tUfpwhh;fs;.
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khzth;fshNyNa cijge;jhl;lk; kapypl;bapy; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. Mdhy; rpwpJ fhyj;jpy;
vkJ jha;kz; vkJ Rw;Wtl;lhuj;jpYs;s ghlrhiyfSf;Fj; Njitahd jukhd cijge;jhl;l
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fy;Y}hpfspd; mzpfspw;fhf tpisahbaNjhly;yhky;, gy re;jh;g;gq;fspy; mt;tzpfSf;Fj;
jiyik jhq;fp aho;khtl;l kw;Wk; Njrpa uPjpapyhd ntw;wpfisAk; mf;fy;Y}upfSf;Fg;
ngw;Wj; je;Js;shh;fs;. mjpYk; Fwpg;ghf njy;ypg;gis kfh[dhf; fy;Y}upapd; cijge;jhl;lr;
rhjidfs; gy kapypl;bapd; MW Gjy;th;fs; gy;NtW fhyq;fspy; mt;tzpf;Fj;
jiyikjhq;fpaNghNj epfo;j;jg;gl;ld. ,r;rhjidahsh;fspd; Mjpf;fk; ,d;Wtiu kfh[dhf;
fy;Y}upapy; ,Uf;fp;wJ. fhuzk; 1993 Mk; Mz;L kfh[dhf; fy;Y}up mzpf;F
tpisahLtjw;fhf ehk; (ehDk; vdJ rNfhjud; fpupjuDk;;) njupTnra;agl;lNghJ mg;Nghija
fy;Y}up mjpgh; jpU.ehfuh[h mth;fs; kapypl;b tPuh;fspd; kfj;jhd gq;fspg;ig kpfTk; rpwg;ghf
vk;kplk; epidT $h;e;jhh;;;. ,t;thW gy rhjidfs; gilj;j vkJ Ch;kf;fspd; fhw;ge;;jhl;lr;
rupj;jpuk; Jujp];ltrkhf vkJ jhafj;jpy; 1995 ,ypUe;J Njf;fepiyia mile;Js;sJ.
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gpwg;gplkhd ,q;fpyhe;J Njrj;jpy; mNj fz;zfp tpisahl;Lf;fofkhf fle;j 10
tUlq;fSf;Fk; Nkyhfg; gy Nghl;bfspy; gq;Fgw;wp, gy ntw;wpf;fpz;zq;fisAk; ngw;W
,d;Wtiu ntw;wpeil NghLfpd;wJ. Fwpg;ghf fle;j ,uz;L tUlq;fshf (2011 kw;Wk; 2012)
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tpisahl;Lf;fofNk ntw;wpngw;Wr; Rw;Wf;Nfhg;igiaf;; ifg;gw;wpAs;sJ.
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Rw;Wg;Nghl;bapd; ,Wjpahl;lj;jpw;Fr; rpwg;G tpUe;jpduhf miof;fg;gl;lth; kapypl;b fz;zfp
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mth;fspd; FLk;gj;jpd; gq;fspg;G kpfKf;fpakhdJ. ehk; NkNy Fwpg;gpl;lJNghd;W Kd;nghU
fhyj;jpy; jhafj;jpy; fz;zfp tpisahl;Lf;fofj;jpy; fhw;ge;jhba MW kfh[dh
mzpj;jiyth;fspy; %th; ,tUila FLk;gj;jpidr; Nrh;e;jth;fshth;. mr;rNfhjuh;fs;;
jpUthsh;fs; jh;kFyrpq;fk;, fkyrpq;fk;, kw;Wk; Nahfrpq;fk; MfpNahuhth;;;;. jkJ fhy;fshy;
cijge;jhb vkJ fpuhkj;jpw;Fg; ngUik Nrh;j;j mr;rNfhjuh;fspy; xUtuhd jpU.jh;kFyrpq;fk;
mth;fs; yz;ld; khefupy; ntw;wpngw;w vkJ fz;zfp tPuh;fSf;F jdJ ifahy;
ntw;wpf;fpz;zq;fis toq;fpa G+upg;Gld; NkNyAs;s Gifg;glj;jpy; fhzg;gLfpd;whh;.
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mth;fSld; fhzg;gLfpd;wdh;.
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cijge;jhba gy tPuh;fs; ,lk;ngw;wpUe;jdh;. mt;thW tpisahba kapypl;bapd;
ike;jh;fSld; NtW fpuhkq;fisr; Nrh;e;j tPuh;fSk; ,ize;J cUthf;fpa ,q;fpyhe;jpd;
Muk;g fhyf; fz;zfp mzpnahd;wpd; Gifg;glk; fpNoAs;sJ.
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mupa fhupaj;ijAk; nra;JtUfpwhh;fs;. mjhtJ yz;ldpy; eilngWfpd;w
ghlrhiyfSf;fpilapyhd cijge;jhl;lr; Rw;Wg;Nghl;bapy; kapypl;b fiykfs; kfh
tpj;jpahyaj;jpd; rhh;ghff; fiykfs; kfh tpj;jpahya mzpapidf; fskpwf;fp
ntw;wpf;fdpapidAk; jl;br;nry;fpwhh;fs;. ,q;F ehk; ftdpf;fNtz;ba tplak; vd;dntdpy;
vj;jidNah rpwe;j fhw;ge;jhl;l tPuh;fis cUthf;fpa fiykfs; kfh tpj;jpahyaj;jpd;
tpisahl;L ikjhdk; mg;ghlrhiyf;nfd 1987-1988 fhyg;gFjpapy; ,sthiy nka;fz;lhd;
kfh tpj;jpahyaj;Jld; Xa;Tngw;w vkJ mjpgh; jpU.rp.mg;Gj;Jiu Qhgfhh;j;j
ntw;wpf;Nflaj;jpw;fhd Nghl;bfis tpisahLtjw;fhf cUthf;fpa cijge;jhl;l mzpapidj;
jtpu ve;jnthU fhyj;jpYk; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f fhw;ge;jhl;l mzp vijAk; cUthf;fpapUf;ftpy;iy.
mjw;Fg; gy;NtW fhuzq;fs; cz;L. mjidf; fiykfs; kfh tpj;jpahyak; gw;wpa vkJ
,d;DNkhh; Mf;fj;jpy; gfph;e;J nfhs;Nthk;. ,t;thW ve;nthU fhyj;jpYk; jdf;nfd ngah;
Fwpg;gplf;$basT Xh; fhw;ge;jhl;l mzpapidf; nfhz;bUe;jpuhj fiykfs; kfh
tpj;jpahyaj;jpd; ngaupy; yz;ld; khefupy; Xh; cijge;jhl;l mzpapid cUthf;fp
mt;tzpapd; %ykhf mq;Fs;s aho;khtl;lj;jpd; Kd;ddpg; ghlrhiyfspd; mzpfis tPo;j;jp
vkJ jhafj;jpy; vkJ Rw;Wtl;lhuj;jpy; kl;LNk mwpag;gl;bUe;j vkJ ghlrhiyapid
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eilngw;w Rw;Wg;Nghl;bapYk; ,th;fshy; fskpwf;fgl;l fiykfs; kfh tpj;jpahya
cijge;jhl;l mzpahdJ aho;khtl;lj;jpy; cijge;jhl;lj;jpw;Fg; ngah;Nghd ,sthiy
n`d;wpaurh; fy;Y}hpapd; mzpapid tPo;j;jp ntw;wpf;fpz;zj;ijf; jl;br; nrd;Ws;sJ.
fPNoAs;s Gifg;glj;jpy; ntw;wpf;fdpapidj; jkjhf;fpf; nfhz;l fiykfs; mzpapdh;.
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tpisahl;Lf;fofk;; 50 (miu E}w;whz;L) Mz;Lfisf; fle;J ,d;Wk; ,q;fpyhe;jpy; ntw;wp
eilNghLfpd;wJ.
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fj;Njhypf;f tpj;jpahyj;jpd; ngaupYk; Xh; fhw;ge;jhl;l mzpapidg; ghlrhiyfSf;fpilapyhd
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kf;fs; midtiuAk; cs;slf;fp kapypl;b tpisahl;Lf;fofk; vDk; Xh; Gjpa mikg;gpid
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mzpfspy; ,sikAk;, jpwikAKila kapypl;b tPuh;fs; midtUf;Fk; tpisahLk;
re;jh;g;gq;fs; mspf;fg;gl;L, mt;tzpfs; gy ntw;wpfis <l;lTk;, mt;tzp tPuh;fs; vkJ jkpo;
tpisahl;Lf;fofq;fspy; kl;Lky;yhJ mth;fs; thOfpd;w ehLfspYs;s jiyrpwe;j
cijge;jhl;lf;fofq;fspYk;, kw;Wk; me;ehLfspd;; Njrpa mzpfspYk; tpisahb
vk;nky;NyhUf;;Fk;, vkjUikj; jha;kz;zhd kapypl;bf;Fk; ngUik Njbj;ju Ntz;Lnkd;gNj
vk;nky;NyhUila Nguth MFk;.
Mf;fk;
r.rz;Kfuhrh (rrp)
nuhnwhd;Nuh, fdlh
gp.F :
1. ,t;thf;fj;jpw;F Njitahd jfty;fs; midj;Jk; vkJ Cupy; cijge;jhba rpy ngupNahh;fsplkpUe;Jk; kw;Wk; vkJ nrhe;j mDgtq;fspypUe;Jk; Nrfupf;fg;gl;litahFk;.
2. ,t;thf;fj;jpy; VjhtJ jtWfs; ,Ug;gpd;, my;yJ kapypl;bapd; tUq;fhyj; jiyKiwapdUf;Fg; gad;glf;$ba kapypl;bapd; cijge;jhl;l tuyhW rk;ge;jkhd jfty;fs; jtwtplg;gl;bUg;gpd; rupahd rhl;rpaq;fSld; vkf;Fj; njupag;gLj;JkhW jho;ikAld; Nfl;Lf;nfhs;fpNwhk;.
3. jpU.r.rz;Kfuhrhtpd; mDkjpapd;wp ,t;thf;fj;jpidNah, my;yJ ,jd; gFjpapidNah ve;j tbtpyhtJ khw;WtNjh my;yJ kPs;gpuRuk; nra;tNjh
jilnra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ.
4. kapypl;b ike;jh;fspd; kfh[dhr; rhjidfs; (fy;tp kw;Wk; tpisahl;L) “kapypl;bAk; kfh[dhf; fy;Y}upAk;” vDk; vkJ ,d;DnkhU Mf;fj;jpy; tpupthfg; gfph;e;J nfhs;sg;gLk;.
