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Environmental Pollution

Presented By

S.Karthick

Lecturer

Department of ECE


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PollutionDefinition:

The introduction into theenvironment, by people, of substances

or energy liable to cause harm toliving creatures or ecological systems.


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Pollution

How did pollution begin?

More sophisticated lifestyle

Growing needs of people.

Accelerated rates of human

and economic activities.


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Social Structural Factors

Population Growth Population growth accelerates the consumption of

earths natural resources.

Any given area on earth has a limited carryingcapacity.

Threshold effect

The Industrial Economy

The U.S. with about 4.6% of the worlds population,accounts for 22% of the worlds carbon dioxideemissions.

More than of all cars in the world are on U.S. roads.


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The Ecosystem

The interrelationships between all living thingsand the environment.

People, nature, and the earth form a delicatelybalanced system.

Ozone is a rare form of oxygen that is poisonousto human beings at ground level but isnecessary in the upper atmosphere to absorbthe deadly ultraviolet radiation of the sun.


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Environmental Pollution

Pollution is the harmfulalteration of ourenvironment by our ownactions.

Pollutantsunwanted by-products we have made,used, and thrown away.

Air Pollution

Water Pollution

Land Pollution

Noise pollution

Global Warming

Ozone layer Depletion

Norman R. Rowan/Stock Boston


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Types of Pollution

Air pollution Most air pollution is caused by the burning of fossil

fuels.

Water pollution

Organic sewage

Effluents from industries agents

Organic chemicals

Radioactive substances


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Types of PollutionContinued

Land pollution Pesticides chemicals used to kill insects defined as

pests.

Herbicides chemicals used to kill plant life,

particularly weeds. Chemical wastes

Radioactive fallout

Acid rain

Garbage Noise Pollution

Street traffic, Rail Roads, Construction, Industrialnoises


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Air Pollution


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Life-Air

Air? Not Ordinary Air!It is Life-Air from the Skies!

Without Food (but Water) human can live

for 3 Days. Without Water (and no Food) human can

live for 1 Day.

Without Air (even with Food and Water)

human can live for 1 Minute.

Ques: Guess, what is Death?

Ans: No Air for 1 Minute is called as Death.

Air isso

impo

rtant.

Pollution

isa

serious

issue.


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Air is Expensive than Blood

Air is what we Breathe every Second, even during Sleep!

Air is sucked into lungs every few seconds and the lungs

helps the oxygenation of blood in every drop. Heart pumps Blood and Blood carries O2 (by

Hemoglobin) to every part/cell of the body to sustain Life

inside.

More O2 into the body is called More Life.

Similarly BetterO2 into the body is called Better Life.

But then Polluted O2 into the body is called Polluted

Life.


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What is air pollution?

contaminationoftheair by

noxious

gases

and

minute

particlesofsolidandliquid

matter inconcentrationsthat

haveundesirableeffectonliving being.


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PRIMARY ANDSECONDARY

POLLUTANT

1. PRIMARY POLLUTANT

Those emitted directly into air

2. SECONDARY POLLUTANT

produced through interact or react

with the primary pollutant


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Primary Pollutants

The major primary pollutants include:

sulfur dioxide,

nitrogen oxides,

volatile organic compounds (VOCs),

carbon monoxide, and

lead.


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Criteria of primary air

pollutants Nitrogen Dioxide: NO2 brownish gas originates from combustion (N2 in air is

oxidized); NOx sum ofNO, NO2, other oxides ofN

Cause acid rain irritates the respiratory system

Ozone: ground level O3

reaction of VOC + NOx in presence of heat +sun light

primary constituent of urban smog

Carbon monoxide: CO

product of incomplete combustion

reduces bloods ability to carryO

2


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Lead: Pb

cause learning disabilities in children , toxic toliver, kidney, blood forming organs

Sulfur Dioxide: S

O2

formed when fuel (coal, oil) containing S is

burned

Lead to acid rain along with NOx


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Secondary Pollutants

Atmospheric sulfuric acid is one example of asecondary pollutant.

Air pollution in urban and industrial areas is oftencalled smog.

Photochemicalsmog, a noxious mixture of gasesand particles, is produced when strong sunlighttriggers photochemical reactions in theatmosphere.

photochemical smog is

ozone.


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Air pollutant impacts

Greenhouse effect

Ozone depletion

Acid Rain smog formation

human health

ecosystem imbalance


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Acid rain

contains high levels of

sulfuric or nitric acids

contaminate drinking water

and vegetation

damage aquatic life erode buildings

Alters the chemical

equilibrium of some soils


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*Howstuffworks.com


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Water Pollution

Any unwanted pollutants lead in to the

water lead to water pollution

Effects seepage into ground water fromnonpoint sources

the loss of habitats such as wetlands.

we cannot always eat what we catch

because fish flesh is contaminated by

the remaining discharges and sources of

toxic substances.


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Pollution Sources

Point sources are direct discharges

to a single point;

examples include discharges from

sewage treatment plants, injection wells,

and some industrial sources.


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Pollution Sources

Non-point sources are diffused across

a broad area and their contamination

cannot be traced to a single discharge

point.

Examples include runoff of excess

fertilizers, herbicides, and insecticides from

agricultural lands and residential areas; oil,grease, and toxic chemicals from urban

runoff and energy production.


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What isnoise pollution?

Any unwanted sound that penetrates the

environment is noise pollution.

In general noise pollution refers to any noise

irritating to one's ear which comes from an

external source.


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Sources of noise pollution

Street traffic

Rail roads

Airplanes

Constructions

Consumerproducts


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Level of tolerance

Normal level of tolerance is 80dbA.

Sound level below and above this is

considered to be as noise pollution.


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Effects of noise pollution

There are about 25000 hair cells in our ear

which create wave in our ear, responding

to different levels of frequencies. With increasing levels of sound the cells

get destroyed decreasing our ability to

hear the high frequency sound.


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Actions taken and to be taken

There are a variety of effective strategies for mitigating

adverse sound levels

use of noise barriers.

limitation of vehicle speeds

alteration of roadway surface texture.

limitation of heavy duty vehicles

use of traffic controls that smooth vehicle flow to reduce

braking and acceleration, innovative tire design and

other


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References:-

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_pollution

www.controlairpollution.com

www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/airpollution

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