Kauṯhūma Sāmagāna

By Dr. Suvraṯaḏēv Śarmaṇā

(Dr. Śubroṯo Roy)

Mention of Saama in Rg Ved

37 mentions of Saam in Rg Veda

Bhagvaan Krishna

‘Vedaanam Saamavedosmi’

Branches of Saam Veda As per different sources

• Patanjali in his Vyakaran Mahabhashya= 1000

• Prapanchahridaya = “now there are only 12 shakhas”

• Atharvan Parishishtha charanavyuha = 1000

• Subrahmanya Shastri in his Gobhilagrihakarma = 10 Acharya and 13 Pravachankars

• Rudraskand Khadirgrihya Tika [older than Sayana and Dhanvi] 3/2/14 have also mentioned these acharyas and pravachankars.

• Jaiminiya Grihyasutra = has mentioned 13 acharyas

Saam: Definitions

N.A. Uploaded by TheBakshiGroup, Oct 25, 2011 retrieveḏ on 2.2.2012 from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N6XDbbyTzMg&feature=related

Saama Definition: Based on Chaandogya Upanishad

Meaning of Saam

Saa= She= Richa

Ama = Prana

Saa + Ama = Saama

Udaana Praana = Atman – Saama

Prana = Buddhi – Yajur

Vyana = Uccha Maanas - Rig

Saama Ved Sanhita

A B

• (a) Pūrvārćika, (a) Grāmagēya,

• (b) Araṇyaka, and (b)Araṇyagēya,

• (c) Uṯṯarārćika ( c ) Ūha, and

– (d) Ūhya or (Rahasya).

Exegetic Texts of Sama Veda

• Brahmanas: Tandya, Panchavimsha, Shadavimsha, Mantra, Arsheya, Samavidhaana, Devataadhyay, Vamsha, Talavakara,

• Aranyakas: Jaiminiyaupanishadabrahmana

• Upanishadas: Chandogya, Kena, Talavakara

• Sutras: For each recension there are different sutra like Latyayana, Arsheya/Mashaka kalpa, Nidana, Upanidaana, anupaada, panchavidhaa, Riktantra, Saama Tantra, Matralakshanam, Stobhaanusandhana, Gayatra Vidhana etc.

Exegetic texts: Sutras cont’d

• Gobhila, Drahyayana, Khadira, Jaiminiya,

• Dharma Sutra: Gautama

Chapterization

Lakshmanan, S., N.d. Sāma Veḏa Kauṯhūma Śākhā. Retrieveḏ from https://www.celextel.com/sama-Veḏa a-kauthuma-shaka-4-mp3-cds-p-6157.html on 25.10.2012.

Number of saam mantras

• Vayu Purana ( 1.61.63) and Brahmanda Purana ( 2.35.71.72) say there are 8014 Saman mantras

• According to Bhagavdutta based on a path by Shayana there must have been 8000 Samans in all including the 1000 shakhas

• Shatapatha Brahmana in 10/4/2/2 says Sama Mantra Path is the result of 4000 Brihati (36 letters) = 4000x 36 = 14400 letters have gone into the Samans.

Distribution of Saaman

Kauthuma Shakha

• Garmageya Gaana = 1167

• Aranya = 264

• Uhagaan = 1026

• Uhya or Rahasya Gaana = 205

Total = 2722

Jaiminiya Shakha = 3681

Kauthum Shakhiya Gramegeya Veya Prakriti Ganatmaka

• Agneya Parva (Agni) = 116

Not all only using only Agni word:

Eg.: Shanyo Devihi

• Aindra Parva (Indra) = 352

• Pavamanya (Som) = 116

• Arana = 55

Total = 342

Saama is Atman

• The Stobha Iha represents Atman

• Therefore the Semeiotic of stobha is established

• Dictionary and etymological meanings of stobha as ‘interjections’ or ‘exclamations of joy’ are limited in their explanation of stobha.

GATRAVEENA

Hasṯa Muḏrā: Svaras, Tattvas, Beejas,

Resting svara between 1 & 2

2

3

4

5 6

7-Ahigeeta

agn

i

Jala

Stobha – Oi

SVARA COMB. MUDRA TATVA Svara 1 = Agni Agni Mudra = Agni…o Svara 2 = Enhanced Agni with controlled vayu Vayu Mudra = Agni…o Svara 3 = Agni with Akash Vanhi Mudra = Vanhi…o Svara 4 = Agni with prithivi Prithivi Mudra = Amrit …o Svara 5 = Agni with Jala Jala Mudra = Prithivi…i Therefore Oi represents the pancha-maha-bhootas indicated individually. Da represents Dakini in Kundalini Yoga. So, Oida is movement of the Mooladhaara or the fourht Sam svara.

Oida

• Although in the book it is written that the Da Oida is on the fifth svara, the voice goes to the fourth and stops in the following manner:

Prathama (O), karhsan (O), dwitiya (O), tritiya (O), chaturtha (O), panchama (O), prathama (i), tritiya (daa), and chaturtha (aa).

Chakra colours

Prithivi - 4 red apana kama rupa

Jala - 5 green samana lower manas

Agni - 1 d. blue vyana higher manas

Vayu - 2 yellow prana buddhi

Akash - 3 blue Udana aura/atma

Tatva Svaras colour prana Principle

Complied from Leadbeater (1927), Deshpande, M (2009)

Human nervous system, svaras and chakras

3

2

1

4

5

1st Chakra- Muladhara- root

2nd Chakra- Svadhisthana- sacral

3rd Chakra- Manipura- power

4th Chakra- Anahata- love

5th Chakra- Vishuddha- communication

6th Chakra- Ajna- intuition (third eye)

7th Chakra Sahasrara-(crown) divine

Voitoyai It is action (ya) with the help of pancha mahabhuta (oi) and agni (i) being the main driving force.

Since oi means panchamahabhuta, ya in voitoyai means anna or energy and i means agni, voitoyai means

“speed up the upasana process with the help of panchamahabhuta and with energy drawn from agni who is the leading/guiding force (Agranirbhavati)”

[ViDyAmArTaNda (2033 SamvaTsar, Foreword) AgraNIrbhavaTi drawing from YAska (NirukTa chapter 7, p-4, khaNDa 15) the world’s top leader. GaNapaTi (1978:1) prefers to give Agni as the presider of life-activity since he defines yajna as ‘life-activity’.]

Two types of Stobhas

Those that have appeared in RV

Om, Ya,

Those that have not appeared in RV but only in SV

Oi-DA, AuhovA, IhA, hau, ihA,

-RAmamUrTy SrouTy - SAraDA MuTh SringEri

(VITayE) to give progress in our upAsanA. Then Why Voyitoyai?

Table of stobhaksharas Sr No Stobha DEvaTa Samanya Sam

1 HAukAr Prithvi RathAntara Charana (feet) 2 HAiKAr VAyu VAmdevya 3 AthakAr Chandra Sams namely ‘a’ and ‘th’ 4 IhakAr AtmA the word Iha 5 IkAr agni I (GarhyapTyAgni) 6 UkAr Aditya (ViSvarUpa) CakSu (eye) 7. EkAr Nihava E (AhvAnIyAgni) Mukha Mouth) 8 AuhoyikAr ViSvDev VaiSvaDevya 10 HinkAr PrajApaTi AvyakTaTva 11 Svara Prana SvarahETuTva 12 YA Anna YATva 13 HunkAr SarvaKAraNa AnirukTaTva Table 1: Triunity of sTobha DevaTA and Sam. Also compare with table 2.

Prenkha

1 toya2i

Here yai is the prenkha part and does not individuate five svaras, but is 1, rest, abhigeeta, 1,rest, 2

Om Om appears in all the three VEDas, therefore Stobha is not the sole feature of SV.