+ All Categories
Home > Documents > Keeping Your Body Healthy

Keeping Your Body Healthy

Date post: 03-Jan-2016
Category:
Upload: david-copeland
View: 55 times
Download: 1 times
Share this document with a friend
Description:
Keeping Your Body Healthy. Unit 4, Lesson 19 – Endocrine, Digestive, Integumentary, & Urinary Systems National Health Standard 1.5. The Endocrine System. System consisting of glands that produce hormones Gland A group of cells that secrete hormones Hormone - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Popular Tags:
38
KEEPING YOUR BODY HEALTHY Unit 4, Lesson 19 – Endocrine, Digestive, Integumentary, & Urinary Systems National Health Standard 1.5
Transcript
Page 1: Keeping Your Body Healthy

KEEPING YOUR BODY HEALTHY

Unit 4, Lesson 19 – Endocrine, Digestive, Integumentary, & Urinary Systems

National Health Standard 1.5

Page 2: Keeping Your Body Healthy

The Endocrine System

System consisting of glands that produce hormones

Gland A group of cells that secrete hormones

Hormone Chemical messengers released into the

bloodstream Control many body functions

Page 3: Keeping Your Body Healthy

Pituitary Gland Produces hormones, which

control growth and other glands

Located below the hypothalamus

About the size of a pea Often called the master

gland because it releases hormones that affect the function of other glands

1 http://www.google.com/imgres?q=pituitary+gland&hl=en&gbv=2&biw=1280&bih=653&tbm=isch&tbnid=0kYY3LoY5AGVgM:&imgrefurl=http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/medical/IM00643&docid=ZMzxMln_-rw3vM&imgurl=http://www.mayoclinic.com/images/image_popup/m7_glands.jpg&w=400&h=344&ei=yHy6T7OcD8WLsQKfmviKDA&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=991&vpy=317&dur=3703&hovh=208&hovw=242&tx=160&ty=101&sig=101446209664207918597&page=1&tbnh=134&tbnw=156&start=0&ndsp=18&ved=1t:429,r:11,s:0,i:161

1

Page 4: Keeping Your Body Healthy

Thyroid Gland Produces the hormone

thyroxin Located near the upper

portion of the trachea Thyroxin

Hormone that controls metabolism and calcium balance in the body

Metabolism Rate at which food is

converted to energy in body cells

2 http://www.google.com/imgres?q=thyroid+gland&hl=en&gbv=2&biw=1280&bih=653&tbm=isch&tbnid=MB90rcicKw2mIM:&imgrefurl=http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/medical/IM01872&docid=0zy0sNlJNGWLoM&imgurl=http://www.mayoclinic.com/images/image_popup/thyroid.jpg&w=400&h=300&ei=PX66T_-IO_TJsQLE2oGLDA&zoom=1

2

Page 5: Keeping Your Body Healthy

Parathyroid Gland Controls the

amount of calcium and phosphorus in the body

3 glands on the thyroid gland

Each about the size of a grain of rice

3 http://www.google.com/imgres?

q=parathyroid+gland&hl=en&gbv=2&biw=1280&bih=653&tbm=is

ch&tbnid=Yg_I3_7A5yCyMM:&imgrefurl=http://uvahealth.com/

services/diabetes-and-metabolism/conditions-treatments/

96738&docid=B-vpQyEo1EkayM&imgurl=http://uvahealth.com/

Plone/ebsco_images/

7709.jpg&w=400&h=264&ei=6n66T_XbI5LMsQKPyoCLDA&zoom=1

&iact=hc&vpx=660&vpy=189&dur=3828&hovh=182&hovw=276&t

x=196&ty=87&sig=101446209664207918597&page=1&tbnh=109

&tbnw=165&start=0&ndsp=19&ved=1t:429,r:4,s:0,i:146

Page 6: Keeping Your Body Healthy

Pancreas Produces digestive

enzymes and insulin Essential to the digestion of

food Insulin – regulates blood

sugar level Failure to regulate level

results in diabetes mellitus

4 http://www.google.com/imgres?

q=pancreas&hl=en&gbv=2&biw=1280&bih=653&tbm=isch&tbnid=VjQJFc9ZA1ySJM:&imgrefurl=http://

www.umm.edu/imagepages/19264.htm&docid=5xoF7WQn3-ZYNM&imgurl=http://www.umm.edu/

graphics/images/en/19264.jpg&w=400&h=320&ei=9H-

6T_btILSasgL9s_yKDA&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=173&vpy=322&dur=781&hovh=201&hovw=251&tx=13

2&ty=90&sig=101446209664207918597&page=1&tbnh=128&tbnw=160&start=0&ndsp=18&ved=1t:

429,r:6,s:0,i:151

4

Page 7: Keeping Your Body Healthy

Adrenal Glands Secrete several hormones

including adrenaline Hormones that affect

metabolism 2 glands located on each

kidney Adrenaline

Hormone that prepares body for fight or flight

Reacts during times of stress, danger, or in an emergency

Heart rate and blood pressure increase

5 http://www.google.com/imgres?

q=adrenal+glands&hl=en&gbv=2&biw=1280&bih=653&tbm=isch&tbnid=1gppN1FzCEzn

AM:&imgrefurl=http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/medical/

IM03191&docid=brz5dGxRrtZUTM&imgurl=http://www.mayoclinic.com/images/

image_popup/

mcdc7_adrenal_glands.jpg&w=400&h=384&ei=QIG6T57KCoiFsgLn5ZWLDA&zoom=1&iact

=hc&vpx=358&vpy=312&dur=1219&hovh=220&hovw=229&tx=113&ty=139&sig=10144

6209664207918597&page=1&tbnh=130&tbnw=142&start=0&ndsp=19&ved=1t:429,r:8,s

:0,i:155

5

Page 8: Keeping Your Body Healthy

Ovaries Female reproductive glands Produce ova and estrogen

Ova egg cells or female

reproductive cells Estrogen

Hormone produced to stimulate the development of female secondary sex characteristics and affect menstrual cycle

6 http://www.google.com/imgres?

q=ovaries&hl=en&gbv=2&biw=1280&bih=653&tbm=isch&tbnid=z3G7fEVUGAIoWM:&imgrefurl=http://

www.dimensionsguide.com/ovaries-dimensions/&docid=ytTFG_JFlz1rtM&imgurl=http://www.dimensionsguide.com/wp-content/

uploads/2009/11/

Ovaries.gif&w=600&h=315&ei=YYK6T7ffNKuDsALYvYmLDA&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=507&vpy=198&dur=1125&hovh=163&ho

vw=310&tx=158&ty=80&sig=101446209664207918597&page=1&tbnh=93&tbnw=178&start=0&ndsp=18&ved=1t:429,r:2,s:

0,i:155

6

Page 9: Keeping Your Body Healthy

Testes Male reproductive glands Produce sperm Testosterone – hormone that produces male

secondary sex characteristics

7 http://www.google.com/imgres?q=testes&hl=en&gbv=2&biw=1280&bih=653&tbm=isch&tbnid=IBLV7dK77qXI4M:&imgrefurl=http://www.ceessentials.net/

article42.html&docid=1nScldTv43V8eM&imgurl=http://www.ceessentials.net/images/ultrasoundTestes/

image002.jpg&w=526&h=355&ei=64K6T__BN_TksQLRuoSLDA&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=960&vpy=189&dur=3672&hovh=184&hovw=273&tx=143&ty=78&sig=101446209664207918597&page=1&tb

nh=122&tbnw=181&start=0&ndsp=20&ved=1t:429,r:6,s:0,i:98

7

Page 10: Keeping Your Body Healthy

The Digestive System

Breaks down food into nutrients that can be used by the body

Allows nutrients to be absorbed by the cells and waste materials to be eliminated

Process to change food is known as digestion

Page 11: Keeping Your Body Healthy

Mouth Salivary glands – glands in the mouth that

releases saliva – contains chemicals that begin digestion of carbohydrates

Saliva – fluid that helps soften food so it can be swallowed more easily

Page 12: Keeping Your Body Healthy

100,000 taste buds on tongue Each taste bud contains 50-100 receptor

cells Send nerve impulses to brain to register one

of four flavor sensations - sweet, sour, bitter, salty

8 http://www.google.com/imgres?q=tongue&hl=en&gbv=2&biw=1280&bih=653&tbm=isch&tbnid=Zk8sDuXTxS9rvM:&imgrefurl=http://www.umm.edu/imagepages/

8686.htm&docid=k5OS_48PFcWapM&imgurl=http://www.umm.edu/graphics/images/en/8686.jpg&w=400&h=320&ei=GpS6T-

e0PKb9sQLfh5WLDA&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=295&vpy=319&dur=781&hovh=201&hovw=251&tx=109&ty=115&sig=101446209664207918597&page=1&tbn

h=127&tbnw=159&start=0&ndsp=20&ved=1t:429,r:7,s:0,i:153

8

Page 13: Keeping Your Body Healthy

Esophagus Tube that connects the mouth to the stomach

Peristalsis Series of involuntary muscle contractions that move

food to stomach even if you were standing on your head

9 http://www.google.com/imgres?q=digestive+system&hl=en&gbv=2&biw=1280&bih=653&tbm=isch&tbnid=WqICm9_PqHIuhM:&imgrefurl=http://www.web-books.com/eLibrary/Medicine/Physiology/Digestive/Digestive.htm&docid=mYqT-m7Tp0TC5M&imgurl=http://www.web-books.com/eLibrary/Medicine/Physiology/Digestive/dige_tract.jpg&w=500&h=360&ei=3Ze6T4iBKtT2sQL7_ZGLDA&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=591&vpy=345&dur=9641&hovh=190&hovw=265&tx=143&ty=114&sig=101446209664207918597&page=1&tbnh=131&tbnw=187&start=0&ndsp=21&ved=1t:429,r:17,s:0,i:174

9

Page 14: Keeping Your Body Healthy

Stomach Releases acids and juices that mix with food,

forming a paste called chyme Produces a layer of mucus to protect its lining

from strong acids After 4 hours of churning, the food is released

to the small intestine

Page 15: Keeping Your Body Healthy

Small Intestine Coiled tube where greatest amount of

digestion and absorption takes place 21 feet long and lined with villi – small folds

that increase the surface area to allow more food to be absorbed

Page 16: Keeping Your Body Healthy

Several enzymes are produced here Protein that regulates chemical reactions

Page 17: Keeping Your Body Healthy

Liver Secretes bile to help break down fats,

maintain blood sugar level, and filter poisonous wastes

Bile flows to the small intestine to help in digestion of fat

Bile is stored in the gallbladder, sac-like organ located under the liver

Page 18: Keeping Your Body Healthy

Pancreas Gland that produces both digestive enzymes

and insulin Enzymes from here break down proteins,

starches, and fats from food in the small intestine

Page 19: Keeping Your Body Healthy

Large Intestine Also called the colon Tube extending from the small intestine to

prepare undigested food for elimination When full, it contracts pushing solid wastes

through the rectum and anus

Page 20: Keeping Your Body Healthy

Rectum – lower end of the large intestine that stores solid waste temporarily

Anus – opening to the outside at the end of the rectum

Page 21: Keeping Your Body Healthy

The Integumentary System

Covers and protects the body Consists of skin, glands associated with

skin, hair, and nails Performs several functions essential for

life

Page 22: Keeping Your Body Healthy

Skin Largest organ of the body Contains nerve cells that help detect pain,

pressure, touch, heat, and cold Protects some parts from injury

Page 23: Keeping Your Body Healthy

Serves as a protective layer to keep microorganisms from entering the body

Maintain healthful body temperature Helps with waste removal Senses the environment Protects against ultraviolet radiation

Page 24: Keeping Your Body Healthy

Made of 2 layers Epidermis

outer layer of skin cells Constantly shed and replaced Does not contain blood vessels or nerve endings

Page 25: Keeping Your Body Healthy

Dermis Thick layer of cells below the epidermis Contains sweat glands, hair follicles, sebaceous

(oil) glands, blood vessels, and nerves

Page 26: Keeping Your Body Healthy

Sweat glands Rids the body of waste, such as salt, and help

cools the body by releasing sweat through the pores to evaporate on the surface

Page 27: Keeping Your Body Healthy

Sebaceous glands small oil producing glands protecting skin Found with hair follicles Sebum – oil produced by these glands Sebaceous layer – layer of fatty tissue below

the dermis Large portion of body fat stored in this layer

Page 28: Keeping Your Body Healthy

Birthmarks Most vulnerable organ Birthmark – area of discolored skin present at

birth Include different types of freckles and moles May be removed by a physician

10 http://www.google.com/imgres?q=birthmark&hl=en&gbv=2&biw=1280&bih=653&tbm=isch&tbnid=GN9nC2GVcbxu_M:&imgrefurl=http://bryanking.net/hemangioma/&docid=ClW39zLn7NximM&imgurl=http://bryanking.net/wp-content/uploads/2008/12/hemangioma.jpg&w=350&h=361&ei=Z6G6T67TArKCsAL80YiLDA&zoom=1

10

Page 29: Keeping Your Body Healthy

Scars Mark left on damaged tissue after healing Cut, severe burn

11 http://www.google.com/imgres?q=scars&start=91&hl=en&gbv=2&biw=1280&bih=653&addh=36&tbm=isch&tbnid=6CefqF-FXhN3GM:&imgrefurl=http://

deafgeoff.wordpress.com/2011/01/02/starting-off-2011-on-the-right-foot-a-k-a-an-update-on-my-broken-leg/&docid=OqoC9ewfNyHiYM&imgurl=http://

deafgeoff.files.wordpress.com/2011/01/

scars.jpg&w=463&h=304&ei=vaK6T7jlHJD4sQLMmfSLDA&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=806&vpy=353&dur=1609&hovh=182&hovw=277&tx=173&ty=144&sig=10144620966420

7918597&page=5&tbnh=139&tbnw=184&ndsp=25&ved=1t:429,r:23,s:91,i:54

11

Page 30: Keeping Your Body Healthy

Warts Contagious growth on top layer of skin Caused by a viral infection Grow in groups Spread by contact Can be treated by OTC medications, but best to

see a physician

12 http://www.google.com/imgres?q=warts&hl=en&biw=1280&bih=653&gbv=2&tbm=isch&tbnid=tGHyrZV6NPTmQM:&imgrefurl=http://www.armpitwarts.com/flat-warts/&docid=hop6H6vhOaVv0M&imgurl=http://www.armpitwarts.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/09/flat_warts.jpg&w=315&h=252&ei=uaO6T5GBFerpsQLWrvmKDA&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=435&vpy=179&dur=1609&hovh=201&hovw=251&tx=170&ty=84&sig=101446209664207918597&page=1&tbnh=132&tbnw=151&start=0&ndsp=20&ved=1t:429,r:2,s:0,i:157

12

Page 31: Keeping Your Body Healthy

Acne Skin disorder where hair follicles become

plugged Prevalent during adolescence Pustule – dome-shaped lesion containing pus

consisting of white blood cells, dead skin cells, and bacteria

Page 32: Keeping Your Body Healthy

Ringworm Skin condition causing small, red, ring-shaped

marks on skin Caused by fungal infection Can be spread by physical contact Physicians treat with ointments and creams

13 http://www.google.com/imgres?q=ringworm&hl=en&gbv=2&biw=1280&bih=653&tbm=isch&tbnid=wxNVob16jEimgM:&imgrefurl=http://www.naturasil.com/ringworm-symptoms-and-diagnosis/

&docid=yoNc_e_LqoTSMM&imgurl=http://www.naturasil.com/product_images/uploaded_images/ringworm-of-the-

body.jpg&w=493&h=335&ei=EaW6T7mSCM_1sQLSm4WLDA&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=961&vpy=184&dur=2719&hovh=185&hovw=272&tx=202&ty=91&sig=101446209664207918597&page=

1&tbnh=127&tbnw=172&start=0&ndsp=19&ved=1t:429,r:5,s:0,i:148

13

Page 33: Keeping Your Body Healthy

Nails and Hair Nails – made of dead cells and keratin – tough

protein Hair – threadlike structure made of dead cells

filled with keratin Hair protects skin from sun rays and helps

maintain body temperature

Page 34: Keeping Your Body Healthy

Hair varies in amount and color From 100,000 to 200,000 on head Each hair grows with a follicle

A depression on the surface of the dermis that contains nutrients a hair needs to grow

Roots are made of living cells

Page 35: Keeping Your Body Healthy

The Urinary System

Removes liquid wastes from body Maintains body’s water balance Organs include: kidneys, ureters, bladder,

and urethra

Page 36: Keeping Your Body Healthy

Kidneys Filters the blood Excretes waste products and excess water in

the form of urine – pale yellow liquid made of water, salts, and other wastes

2 kidneys – on either side of spinal column just above waist

Page 37: Keeping Your Body Healthy

Ureters Narrow tube connecting the kidney to the

urinary bladder Carry urine from kidneys to urinary bladder

Urinary Bladder Sac storing urine

14 http://www.google.com/imgres?q=urinary+system&hl=en&gbv=2&biw=1280&bih=653&tbm=isch&tbnid=i957oTeIwW8HmM:&imgrefurl=http://tmfpff.blogspot.com/2011/05/urinary-

system.html&docid=yUbs2OffGJrb2M&imgurl=http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-bg_Q6s_hUKo/Td5ouXgEo4I/AAAAAAAAAKg/0eYHVW_UOIk/

s1600/25446818.jpg&w=450&h=372&ei=8Ke6T8jYJOStsgK71aCLDA&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=354&vpy=347&dur=8000&hovh=204&hovw=247&tx=174&ty=95&sig=101446209664207918597&page=1&tbnh=128&tbnw=155

&start=0&ndsp=20&ved=1t:429,r:15,s:0,i:170

14

Page 38: Keeping Your Body Healthy

Urethra Narrow tube extending from urinary bladder to

outside the body Where urine passes out of the body


Recommended