Keith Emnett

Stefan Marti

• How do people describe the words when playing the game?

• How do we mimic this behavior?

• How does the person trying to guess the word respond to the person describing the word?

• How does the clue-giver react to the guesser’s input?

Questions

• Attempt to learn the user’s strongest areas of knowledge, and describe the words in those terms

• React appropriately to the user’s input

• Did the user understand the general concept?

– NO: switch to another way of describing the context

– YES: help the user bridge the gap between the guess and the answer

Basic Goals of the System

• Synonyms

• Hypernym

• Guess is a taboo word

• Guess is part of the word to guess

• Context switch

• Pass

Response Strategies

(SL)

(E)

(G)

(AL)

(SN)

(H)

In the movie Better Off Dead, John Cusack flipped these at Pig ???

When you don’t have time to cook, this is a popular item

ground meat between two pieces of bread

item at the first fast restaurant in America

special sauce, lettuce, cheese, pickles, onions on a sesame bun

common meal named after a city in Germany

Context Decription Example: HAMBURGER

Taboo Words:

mcdonalds

beef

ketchup

food

Synonyms:

bigmac

whopper

sandwich

jumbojack

animate objects

reptiles

cats

catcher

athletesrattlesnakes

mammals

snakespeople

undertakers

baseball playersbasketball players

pitcher

coral snakes

pets

dogs

fidosam nora

Pseudo type

hierarchy

animate objects

reptiles

cats

catcher

athletesrattlesnakes

mammals

snakespeople

undertakers

baseball playersbasketball players

pitcher

coral snakes

pets

dogs

fidosam nora

Pseudo type

hierarchy

word to guess

animate objects

reptiles

cats

catcher

athletesrattlesnakes

mammals

snakespeople

undertakers

baseball playersbasketball players

pitcher

coral snakes

pets

dogs

fidosam nora

Pseudo type

hierarchy

word to guess

user’s guess

animate objects

snakes

sam

animate objects

reptiles

cats

catcher

athletesrattlesnakes

mammals

snakespeople

undertakers

baseball playersbasketball players

pitcher

coral snakes

pets

dogs

fidosam nora

Pseudo type

hierarchy

word to guess

user’s guess

common superordinate

animate objects

reptilesmammals

snakes

sam

animate objects

reptiles

cats

catcher

athletesrattlesnakes

mammals

snakespeople

undertakers

baseball playersbasketball players

pitcher

coral snakes

pets

dogs

fidosam nora

Pseudo type

hierarchy

word to guess

user’s guess

common superordinate

branching description

1st context(G)

(SL)(E) (G)(AL)(SN) (H)

0 0 0 0 0 0

1st context(G)

bigmac

(SL)(E) (G)(AL)(SN) (H)

0 0 0 0 0 0

1st context(G)

synonymbigmac

(SL)(E) (G)(AL)(SN) (H)

0 0 0 0 0 0

1st context(G)

synonymbigmac

bigmac

whopper

sandwich

jumbojack

(SL)(E) (G)(AL)(SN) (H)

0 0 0 0 0 0

1st context(G)

synonymburgerbigmac

bigmac

whopper

sandwich

jumbojack

(SL)(E) (G)(AL)(SN) (H)

0 0 0 0 0 0

1st context(G)

synonym closeburgerbigmac

bigmac

whopper

sandwich

jumbojack

(SL)(E) (G)(AL)(SN) (H)

0 0 0 0 0 0

1st context(G)

synonym close

correct

burgerbigmac

hamburger

bigmac

whopper

sandwich

jumbojack

(SL)(E) (G)(AL)(SN) (H)

0 0 0 0 0 0

1st context(G)

(SL)(E) (G)(AL)(SN) (H)

0 0 0 0 0 0

1st context(H)(G)

balloon

(SL)(E) (G)(AL)(SN) (H)

0 0 0 1 0 0

1st context(H)(G)

hypernymballoon

(SL)(E) (G)(AL)(SN) (H)

0 0 0 1 0 0

=> entity -- (something having concrete existence; living or nonliving) => object, inanimate object, physical object -- (a nonliving entity) => artifact, artefact -- (a man-made object) => instrumentality, instrumentation -- (an artifact (or system of artifacts) that is

instrumental in accomplishing some end) => conveyance, transport -- (something that serves as a means of transportation) => vehicle -- (a conveyance that transports people or objects) => aircraft -- (a vehicle that can fly) => lighter-than-air craft -- (aircraft supported by its own buoyancy)balloon -- (large tough non-rigid bag filled with gas or hot air)

=> entity -- (something having concrete existence; living or nonliving) => object, inanimate object, physical object -- (a nonliving entity) => artifact, artefact -- (a man-made object) => instrumentality, instrumentation -- (an artifact (or system of artifacts) that is

instrumental in accomplishing some end) => conveyance, transport -- (something that serves as a means of transportation) => vehicle -- (a conveyance that transports people or objects) => aircraft -- (a vehicle that can fly)airplane, aeroplane, plane -- (an aircraft that has fixed a wing and is powered

by propellers or jets)

Original WordNet hypernym trees for balloon and airplane:

entity

object, inanimate/physical object

artifact

instrumentality

conveyance, transport

aircraft

lighter than air-craft

balloonairplane

vehicle

taboos:

airportaircraftflyplane

aircraft

aircraft

(user’s guess)

(word to guess)

(common superordinate)

fly

entity

object, inanimate/physical object

artifact

instrumentality

conveyance, transport

aircraft

lighter than air-craft

balloonairplane

= a vehicle that can fly

taboos:

airportaircraftflyplane

vehicle

lighter than air-craft

entity

object, inanimate/physical object

artifact

instrumentality

conveyance, transport

aircraft

lighter than air-craft

balloonairplane

= a vehicle that can fly

vehicle a conveyance that transports people and objects

=

taboos:

airportaircraftflyplane

lighter than air-craftlighter than air-craft

balloonairplane

a conveyance that transports people and objects

a conveyance that transports people and objects,

balloon lighter than air-craft!

Yes, both are a kind of

but is a kind of

And that’s the resulting sentence:

(user’s guess)(word to guess)

(common superordinate)

(branching description 1)(branching description 2)

1st context(H)(G)

hypernym correctairplaneballoon

(SL)(E) (G)(AL)(SN) (H)

0 0 0 1 0 0

1st context(H)

(SL)(E) (G)(AL)(SN) (H)

0 0 0 1 0 0

1st context(H) (SN)

car

(SL)(E) (G)(AL)(SN) (H)

0 0 1 1 0 0

1st context(H) (SN)

nothingcar

(SL)(E) (G)(AL)(SN) (H)

0 0 1 1 0 0

1st context(H) (SN)

nothingfootcar

(SN)

(SL)(E) (G)(AL)(SN) (H)

0 0 2 1 0 0

1st context(H) (SN)

nothing switchfootcar

(SN)

(SL)(E) (G)(AL)(SN) (H)

0 0 2 1 0 0

1st context(H) (SN)

(AL)

nothing switch

2nd context

footcar

(SN)

(SL)(E) (G)(AL)(SN) (H)

0 0 2 1 0 0

1st context(H) (SN)

(AL)

nothing switch

2nd context

footcar

spice

(SN)

correct

(SL)(E) (G)(AL)(SN) (H)

0 0 2 1 0 0

1st context

(SL)

(SN)

(E) (G)(AL)(SN) (H)

0 0 2 1 0 0

1st context

(SL)

(SN)

(E) (G)(AL)

plant

(SN)

(SN) (H)

0 0 3 1 0 0

1st context

(SL)

(SN)

(E) (G)(AL)

hypernymplant

(SN)

(SN) (H)

0 0 3 1 0 0

1st context

(SL)

(SN)

(E) (G)(AL)

hypernym switch[timeout]plant

(SN)

(SN) (H)

0 0 3 1 0 0

1st context

(H)

(SL)

(SN)

(E) (G)(AL)

hypernym switch

2nd context

[timeout]plant

(SN)

(SN) (H)

0 0 3 1 0 0

1st context

(H)

(SL)

(SN)

(E) (G)(AL)

hypernym switch

2nd context

[timeout]plant

rose

(SN)

correct

(SN) (H)

0 0 3 1 0 0

1st context

(SL)

(SN)

(E) (G)(AL)(SN) (H)

0 0 3 1 0 0

1st context

(SL)

(SN)

(E) (G)(AL)

sun

(SN)

(SN) (H)

0 0 4 1 0 0

1st context

(SL)

(SN)

(E) (G)(AL)

taboosun

(SN)

(SN) (H)

0 0 4 1 0 0

1st context

(SL)

(SN)

(E) (G)(AL)

taboosun

(SN)

(SN) (H)

0 0 4 1 0 0

light

sun

ray

bright

=> entity -- (something having concrete existence; living or nonliving) => life form, organism, being, living thing -- (any living entity)plant, flora, plant life -- (a living organism lacking the power of locomotion)

=> entity -- (something having concrete existence; living or nonliving) => life form, organism, being, living thing -- (any living entity) => plant, flora, plant life -- (a living organism lacking the power of locomotion) => vascular plant, tracheophyte -- (green plant having a vascular system: ferns,

gymnosperms, angiosperms) => woody plant, ligneous plant -- (a plant having hard lignified tissues or woody

parts esp. stems) => shrub, bush -- (a low woody perennial plant usually having several major branches)rose -- (any of many plants of the genus Rosa)

Original WordNet hypernym trees for plant and rose:

entity

life form, organism, being, living thing

plant,

vascular plant

woody plant

shrub

rose

flora, plant life(user’s guess)

(word to guess)

Yes, both can be a kind of life form, organism,being, living thing, but??? can be a kind of plant, flora, plant life.

Resulting sentence:

(common superordinate)

(branching description)

Or just simple:Yes, ??? is a kind of plant!