PENGAJARAN DAN

PEMBELAJARAN

ABAD KE 21

DISEDIAKAN OLEH:

MOKHZANI FADIR

SISC+ BAHASA INGGERIS (MENENGAH)

PPD LIPIS

8/1/2014

1

8/1/2014

2

8/1/2014

3

THE WORLD HAS CHANGED

We have moved into a

more demanding cognitive

age, compelling people to

become better at

absorbing, processing and

combining information.

Can we learn to

change with it?

Who might our kindergarten children

be working with on an on-the-job

project in 2025?

8/1/2014

4

8/1/2014

5

GLOBALIZATION IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF

THIS GENERATION

Because of globalization—the ongoing process of

intensifying economic, social, and cultural

exchanges across the planet—young people the

world over need more innovative thinking skills,

cultural awareness, higher-order cognitive skills,

and sophisticated communication and

collaboration skills than ever before.

8/1/2014

6

A CHANGING ECONOMY MAKES

“THINKING SKILLS” MORE IMPORTANT

1900 1950 20000%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Low skill jobs Knowledge work jobs

Source: Partnership for 21st Century Skills http://www.21stcenturyskills.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=254&Itemid=120

8/1/2014

7

21 ST CENTURY WORLD

The Future World of Work

Creative Work — • Research

• Development

• Design

• Marketing/Sales

• Global Supply Chain Management

Source: Partnership for 21st Century Skills http://www.21stcenturyskills.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=254&Itemid=120

8/1/2014

8

Job Outlook 2002, National Association of Colleges and Employers (NACE)

8/1/2014

9

7 survival skills in the 21st century;

1.Critical thinking and problem solving;

2.Collaboration across networks and

leading by influence;

3.Agility and adaptability;

4.Initiative and entrepreneurship;

5.Effective oral and written

communication;

6.Accessing and analyzing information;

and

7. Curiosity and imagination.

8/1/2014

10

Di Malaysia, Kementerian telah mengenal pasti kemahiran

abad ke-21 yang sesuai dengan konteks tempatan dan

dapat menyediakan warga Malaysia untuk bersaing pada

peringkat antarabangsa. Untuk itu, kurikulum kebangsaan

bermatlamat untuk melahirkan murid yang seimbang,

berdaya tahan, bersemangat ingin tahu, berprinsip,

bermaklumat,patriotik, serta mempunyai kemahiran

berfikir berkomunikasi, dan bekerja secara berpasukan

KEMAHIRAN ABAD KE 21-KPM

8/1/2014

11

KURIKULUM

8/1/2014

12

8/1/2014

13

Pembelajaran abad ke-20 8/1/2014

14

Pembelajaran abad ke-21

Dipimpin guru Arahan langsung Pengetahuan Kandungan Kemahiran asas Teori Kurikulum Individu Bilik darjah Pentaksiran sumatif Belajar untuk sekolah

Berasaskan murid Pembelajaran kolaboratif Kemahiran Proses Pemikiran Aras Tinggi Praktikal Kemahiran hidup Berkumpulan Komuniti Pentaksiran formatif Belajar untuk kehidupan

Keseimbangan

8/1/2014

15

“sekolah harus menyediakan peluang pendidikan dengan kurikulum berasaskan projek yang autentik dengan keadaan kehidupan sebenar, melibatkan murid menangani dan menyelesaikan masalah kehidupan sebenar serta isu yang penting dalam kehidupan sejagat. Pendidikan yang diberikan harus meningkatkan pengetahuan dan kreativiti murid dan pada masa yang sama membolehkan murid berfikir, menaakul, membuat keputusan yang bijak, bekerja sebagai ahli pasukan dan melihat perhubungan dan perkaitan antara ilmu yang dipelajari merentas kurikulum.”

The American Association of School Administrators (AASA)

8/1/2014

16

Menggunakan teknologi untuk mengakses, mengurus, mengintegrasi dan menilai maklumat, menjana maklumat baru dan berkomunikasi dengan orang lain

Kemahiran hidup & kerjaya

Kemahiran Teknologi

Maklumat, Komunikasi &

Media

Standard &

Pentaksiran

Kurikulum

Pembangunan Profesional

Persekitaran Pembelajaran

• Literasi Maklumat

• Literasi Media

• Literasi Teknologi Maklumat & Komunikasi)

•Kebolehsuaian & fleksibel

•Mempunyai inisiatif dan terarah kendiri

•Kemahiran sosial dan antara budaya

•Produktiviti & akauntabiliti

•Tanggungjawab dan kepimpinan

•Kreativiti & Inovasi

•Pemikiran Kritis dan Penyelesaian Masalah

•Komunikasi & Kolaborasi

Standard kemahiran

Mata pelajaran teras dan tema Abad ke-21

Kemahiran belajar & Inovasi

8/1/2014

17

“Kandungan” bagi Abad ke-21

Kurikulum Teras + Tema • Kesedaran global • Literasi kewangan, ekonomi, perdagangan dan keusahawanan • Literasi sivik • Kesedaran Alam Sekitar • Kesedaran tentang aspek kesihatan & kesejahteraan

8/1/2014

18

Kemahiran belajar abad ke-21

• Kemahiran Maklumat & Komunikasi

– Literasi maklumat & media

– Kemahiran berkomunikasi

• Kemahiran Berfikir Dan Menyelesaikan Masalah

– Pemikiran kritikal dan Bersistem

– Penyelesaian Masalah

– Kreativiti & Semangat Meneroka

• Kemahiran Interpersonal & Arah Kendiri

– Kemahiran Interpersonal dan Kolaborasi

– Arah Kendiri

– Akauntabiliti & adaptasi

– Tanggungjawab Sosial

8/1/2014

19

Perubahan kepada hasrat pendidikan

Konteks pembelajaran baru membawa perubahan kepada apa yang dijangkakan melalui pendidikan dan ini melibatkan:

– Kebolehan berkomunikasi

– Kebolehsesuaian untuk berubah

– Kebolehan bekerja dalam pasukan

– Kesediaan menyelesaikan masalah

– Kebolehan menganalisis dan mengkonsepsikan

– Kebolehan membuat refleksi dan menambah baik

– Kebolehan mengurus kendiri

– Kebolehan mencipta, membuat inovasi dan mengkritik

– Kebolehan untuk belajar sepanjang hayat

– Kebolehan untuk mahir dalam pelbagai bidang (cross specialist )

8/1/2014

20

Kurikulum yang direkabentuk menuntut kita untuk membuat pilihan tentang apakah yang penting pada masa kini bagi membantu pelajar untuk masa depan mereka.

8/1/2014

21

CIRI-CIRI INSAN MURID YANG DIHASRATKAN

Kreatif

Berupaya Membuat Hubung-kait Menyoal

Bijak berkomunikasi

Yakin – mengambil risiko

Dahagakan ilmu

Ingin tahu

Menjana idea

Fleksibel

Tidak berputus asa

Mendengar dan membuat refleksi

Kritikal

Berkemahiran

mampu mencorak

Menguasai kemahiran literasi

Berani Mencuba

Mampu berfikir sendiri

Membuat inisiatif Mampu bekerja dengan orang lain

Membuat perubahan

berintegriti

Berkeperibadian tinggi

Semangat ‘ sentiasa boleh’

Belajar dari kesilapan

Berdikari

8/1/2014

22

RUANG

BILIK DARJAH

8/1/2014

23

Nair and Fielding,

“the ‘early 20th century school design

standard (was) modeled after Henry Ford’s

factory production methods’. Model T.”

8/1/2014

24

It is a philosophy that starts with the assumption

that a predetermined number of students will all

learn the same thing at the same time from the

same person in the same way in the same place

for several hours each day.

(Nair, Fielding); The Language of School Design: Design Patterns

for 21st Century Schools

8/1/2014

25

21st century

classroom

setting

To align physical;

learning space with mental

learning space

Students actively

engaged with their own learning

Developing learning

autonomy

8/1/2014

26

Design for multiple rhythms in the same classroom

Allow every one to be seen and heads

Take advantage of new media

Support the dynamic presentation of information

Design for mentoring and apprenticeship

Design for temporary ownership of space

DESIGN PRINCIPLES FOR 21ST CENTURY CLASSROOM

8/1/2014

27

Campfire

A way to learn from experts or storytellers

Watering hole

Learning prom peers

For small group discourse and collaboration

Cave

Places to learn from yourself

For individual study, refelction, quiet reading and creative flow

PRIMORDIAL LEARNING METAPHORS

Collin, Steve; Classroom for the 21st century

8/1/2014

28

Campfire

A way to learn from experts or storytellers

Watering hole

Learning prom peers

For small group discourse and collaboration

Cave

Places to learn from yourself

For individual study, refelction, quiet reading and creative flow

Life

Where you bring it all together and apply is as in the real world

PRIMORDIAL LEARNING METAPHORS

8/1/2014

29

1) Student-centric:

- students play an active role in their learning

and teachers serve as mere guides.

- Put students’ interests first and are focused

on each student’s needs, abilities and learning

styles.

THE TOP 10 CHARACTERISTICS OF A

21ST CENTURY CLASSROOM ARE:

8/1/2014

30

THE TOP 10 CHARACTERISTICS OF A

21ST CENTURY CLASSROOM ARE:

2 ) Computing devices:

- Computers are readily available in modern

classrooms, since they are essential tools for

21st century students and replace the utilities

of pen and paper.

- Computing devices greatly assist in teaching

and learning and make them more engaging

and effective.

8/1/2014

31

THE TOP 10 CHARACTERISTICS OF A

21ST CENTURY CLASSROOM ARE:

3) Active learning:

In modern classrooms, students are actively

engaged in what they learn. Students

participate in more active learning by working

in groups or on computers and complete

projects and other interesting activities that

help them discover new skills.

8/1/2014

32

THE TOP 10 CHARACTERISTICS OF A

21ST CENTURY CLASSROOM ARE:

4) Adaptive learning:

Any classroom will always have students of

different types of learning abilities in it which

often makes it difficult for teachers to make

sure that all of them understand the concepts.

8/1/2014

33

THE TOP 10 CHARACTERISTICS OF A

21ST CENTURY CLASSROOM ARE:

5) Invitational environment:

The classrooms should not be cramped or

overcrowded. Modern classrooms should have

the basic material required for teaching such

as, interactive whiteboards and LCD projectors

8/1/2014

34

THE TOP 10 CHARACTERISTICS OF A

21ST CENTURY CLASSROOM ARE:

6) Students understand and follow the rules

and procedures:

The learning environment is carefully planned

and well-organized. Class rules, procedures,

and notices of upcoming activities are posted

in convenient places to help students stay on

track.

8/1/2014

35

THE TOP 10 CHARACTERISTICS OF A

21ST CENTURY CLASSROOM ARE:

7 ) Mutual respect:

- Teachers and students should always have

respect for each other.

- teachers should encourage students to speak

with confidence and value their opinions

- students should also co-operate with and

respect their classmates.

8/1/2014

36

THE TOP 10 CHARACTERISTICS OF A

21ST CENTURY CLASSROOM ARE:

8) Students take responsibility of their

learning: As students are encouraged to

actively participate in their own learning, they

become responsible for their learning

8/1/2014

37

THE TOP 10 CHARACTERISTICS OF A

21ST CENTURY CLASSROOM ARE:

9) Performance-based assessments:

Regular performance-based assessments are

carried out by teachers through various

methods which are not restricted to tests.

8/1/2014

38

THE TOP 10 CHARACTERISTICS OF A

21ST CENTURY CLASSROOM ARE:

10) Collaborative learning:

Learning through collaboration is one of the

most effective forms of learning.

8/1/2014

39

8/1/2014

40

8/1/2014

41

8/1/2014

42

8/1/2014

43

CAMPFIRE

WATERING HOLE

CAVE

8/1/2014

44

8/1/2014

45

GURU

8/1/2014

46

From primary role as a dispenser of

information to orchestrator of learning

and helping students turn information into

knowledge, and knowledge into wisdom.

8/1/2014

47

8/1/2014

48

8/1/2014

49

8/1/2014

50

8/1/2014

51

8/1/2014

52

8/1/2014

53

8/1/2014

54